The Hudson River School was the first cohesive art movement in the United States of America. Using the uncultivated American landscape as their subject matter, members sought to convey a moral or religious message in their work. They believed that the main function of art should be to serve God. Stemming from its roots in theology and literature, this transcendental philosophy posited that one could be closer to God by experiencing his work. If God had created nature, than the vastness and power of nature are direct reflections of His power. While many artists of the Hudson River School used mountainous scenes of the American West in order to allow their viewers to glimpse the divine, one artist, John Frederick Kensett (1816-1872) deviated from the typical Hudson River School subject matter and favored eastern seascapes over the valleys of the west. Kensett's unique perspective led him to use the ocean as a spiritual device in a way that contributed greatly to the diversity of the Hudson River School. His asymmetrical, reduced compositions resulted from his taste for simplicity, and produced a purer, tranquil atmosphere, which allow for greater reflection. Kensett was able to remain true to his tastes rather than producing generic works typical of the Hudson River School, all the while continuing to accomplish the same level of transience as more prominent artists.

Beluga whales in Canadian waters are subdivided into at least six genetically distinct stocks maintained by geographic separation and philopatry to estuaries in summer. Belugas in eastern and western Hudson Bay have previously been shown to be compose genetically distinct populations using mitochondrial restriction analysis. It is not known whether these stocks are further subdivided on the basis of specific estuarine use. Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences were used to investigate variation among belugas sampled at several sites along eastern Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay. 320 bp were sequenced, including the highly variable 5' region of control region, in 126 belugas. 17 variable sites and 17 haplotypes, which clustered into 2 related groups, were detected among the whales sequenced. Haplotypes of group A were found mostly in eastern Hudson Bay sites, while B group haplotypes were predominant in northern populations. Significant differences in frequencies of haplotype groups were found between eastern Hudson Bay and Southern Hudson Strait/Ungava Bay populations, indicating they are genetically distinct populations. Haplotype distribution patterns also suggested possible differences between belugas using different estuaries along eastern Hudson Bay. The presence of both groups in each population indicated some exchange of individuals between populations, and/or between eastern and western Hudson Bay. Multilocus DNA fingerprinting was used to investigate the extent of gene flow between eastern and western Hudson Bay belugas via interbreeding on common wintering grounds in Hudson Strait. Belugas from St. Lawrence estuary and the Mackenzie Delta were also analyzed to measure their genetic relatedness to Hudson Bay whales as well as for purposes of comparison to earlier fingerprinting analyses. While results supported lower genetic diversity within the St. Lawrence population, the range of bandsharing within and between populations was otherwise low (0.09 -0.17 for Jeffreys 33.15 and 0.12-0.22 for Jeffreys 33.6). Mantel tests showed differences among St. Lawrence, Hudson Bay, and Mackenzie Delta populations, but not within Hudson Bay. The conflicting nature of the data did not allow conclusions regarding gene flow. Therefore, DNA fingerprinting was not considered to have provided sufficient resolution in addressing this issue. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

No description available.

Huit sites possédant des peuplements d'épinette blanche (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) sur substrat bien drainé le long de la côte en émersion de la baie d'Hudson ont été étudiés. Les objectifs de la recherche sont de caractériser la limite maritime des arbres et la limite maritime des forêts en fonction de l'altitude et du climat afin d'estimer le délai nécessaire entre l'émersion des terres et l'établissement des épinettes dans un contexte de succession primaire. La végétation évolue le long de la chronoséquence, partant d'une bande littorale près de la mer jusqu'à un stade de pessière à lichen au niveau de la limite maritime des forêts. La podzolisation est le processus pédogénétique dominant dans ce contexte. Parallèlement à la végétation qui change, les sols se développent avec l'altitude. Ce n'est que 145 à 900 ans suivant l'émersion que les conditions du milieu permettent l'établissement des espèces arborescentes. Les épinettes de la limite des arbres sont plus jeunes que les arbres composant la limite des forêts et ces derniers n'ont pas plus de 120 ans. Aucun macroreste d'épinette blanche n'a été trouvé dans les paléosols précédant la limite des forêts. Les épinettes blanches les plus âgés sur les sites d'étude se sont établis à partir de la fin du XIXe siècle.

No / This paper employs the concept of power geometries that has been applied in analyses of today¿s corporate elite and the globalisation of the economy to explore the networks of an economic actor who ran British multinational companies in the early 1930s. By focusing on the contacts engendered by the Bank of England director who was appointed in 1931 as the 30th governor of the Hudson¿s Bay Company in order to rescue this most emblematic of imperial trading companies, we examine not only the architecture of the web of connections within which both the company and its governor were embedded, but also the ways in which channels of interaction and communication were actually used. We show that while structural analyses of multiple and interlocking directorships offer a useful initial means of understanding power geometries, more detailed, `thick description¿ approaches, based on archival material, reveal that not all apparent links were active and, in the case of the early-20th century multinational elite, networks appear to have embraced a much broader array of contacts. These extended in both social and geographical space well beyond the corporate boardrooms of London.

Thesis (S.M. in Civil and Environmental Engineering)--Joint Program in Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-57). / by Jonathan Dalrymple Woodruff. / S.M.in Civil and Environmental Engineering

Tidal freshwater wetlands (TFW) are at significant risk of loss or alteration due to global climate change, and saltwater intrusion from sea level rise is of particular concern for these habitats due to their proximity to coastal areas. A space-for-time model was used to investigate the effects of saltwater intrusion on soil methanogen communities along naturally occurring salinity gradients on the Waccamaw, James, and Hudson Rivers. Amplification of the methyl coenzyme-M reductase (mcrA) functional gene was used in qPCR, reverse transcription qPCR, and T-RFLP to measure the abundance, activity, and community composition of soil methanogens. Both the abundance and activity of methanogens decreased with increasing salinity, and the both total and active methanogen community composition shifted in response to changes in salinity. This research demonstrates that saltwater intrusion will alter carbon cycling in TFWs, potentially altering their ability to sequester carbon and keep pace with rising sea level.

Jessica Langley's work examines animals and nature through various media and form, including watercolor and oil painting, digitally manipulated photography, both large and small scale drawing, and various combinations of each. The work has explored narrative and emotional aspects to more mystical and ecological interpretations. The current body of work settles into banal and familiar interactions with animals, or more specifically the house cat and its accoutrements. Each element of the body of work engages specific concepts that developed out of the American landscape tradition and assimilates the banal subjects into a formal framework. The subjects are monumentalized and romanticized in order to question, not the importance of the objects, but the relevance of the sublime.

La marge sud-chilienne constitue la seule masse continentale de l'hémisphère sud qui intercepte l'intégralité de la ceinture des vents d'ouest (SWW), en interaction avec la circulation océanique. Elle occupe donc une position stratégique pour les reconstructions paléoclimatiques et a fait l'objet d'une attention croissante ces dernières décennies. Dans le contexte des hautes latitudes sud de la marge chilienne, les objectifs de cette thèse se sont portés sur (1) l'établissement d'une chronostratigraphie précise basée sur des datations radiocarbone et la téphrochronologie et (2) sur la reconstruction de la dynamique de la calotte nord-Patagonienne en lien direct avec le régime des précipitations, les températures et/ou la dynamique interne des glaciers sur les derniers 22 ka BP à partir de l'étude d'un enregistrement marin à ultra haute résolution et à fort taux de sédimentation, collecté au large de la péninsule de Taitao (~46°S). Basé sur un modèle d'âge robuste par des datations radiocarbone associées à une étude téphrochronologique, l'enregistrement marin MD07-3088 permet une couverture temporelle large depuis le dernier maximum glaciaire, la déglaciation et l'Holocène. Plusieurs traceurs (minéralogie des argiles, granulométrie, géochimie inorganique) ont été utilisés afin de retracer la variabilité des sources et les fluctuations de la calotte nord patagonienne. Couplée aux paléoreconstructions des températures des eaux de surface et de la variabilité des proportions polliniques, cette étude a permis de retracer les variations dans le régime des précipitations et les interconnections entre les réservoirs océaniques et atmosphériques. Les résultats ont montré qu'au cours du DMG (22-18 ka BP), les températures globalement plus froides semblent contrôler les apports terrigènes en provenance de la chaine côtière proximale et la dynamique des glaciers. Lors de la déglaciation (18-11,5 ka BP), les conditions globalement plus chaudes marquent un changement radical dans la source des apports détritiques, avec une dominance de la cordillère andéenne distale. Cet intervalle est ponctué par 3 évènements de refroidissement, dont l'ACR (14,3-12,7 ka BP) pendant lesquels un regain de l'activité glaciaire est enregistré. Au cours de cet intervalle, l'expansion des tourbières Magellanes suggère des conditions climatiques plus froides et très humides résultant de la migration progressive vers le nord des Westerlies. L'Holocène Inférieur (11,5-8 ka BP) se caractérise par des conditions similaires à celles de la déglaciation avec la présence d'un événement plus grossier témoignant soit de l'influence de la légère baisse des températures (~2°C), soit d'un rôle plus important de la dynamique interne des glaciers. L'Holocène Moyen (8-3 ka BP) est illustré par la mise en place de la phase de Néoglaciation qui se traduit par un déplacement vers le nord de la cellule des vents d'ouest caractérisé par des forts apports de précipitations dans notre zone d'étude bien que peu de variations soient enregistrées dans les estimations des SST. Enfin, la faible variation des SST et la légère augmentation des précipitations enregistrées au cours de l'Holocène Inférieur (3 ka BP à l'actuel) témoignent d'un retour de la cellule des vents à une position similaire à l'actuel.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1965. / Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Leland B. Jacobs. Dissertation Committee: Mildred L. Fairchild. A study of the children's works of George MacDonald, William Henry Hudson, Antoine de Saint Exupéry, John Ronald Renel Tolkien and Clive Staples Lewis--Cf. leaf 1. Includes bibliographical references.