At growing Saaz variety is the target to reach the highest yield of hop´s cones and high content of alpha acids. The average content of this acids in Saaz variety is in the range from 2,5 to 4,5 %. The growers effort is to reach the higher number of this range because the final selling price is given by content of alpha acids. During the active growth of hops, grower can targeted stimulate the hops to positively affect the physiological processes. Then he can reach better yield of valuable alpha acids and that´s why the target of this diploma thesis was to fix the influence of growth stimulators on physiological processes on the yield of hop´s cones and the yield of alpha acids. And based on the results to identify the suitability of using growth stimulators during the intense hops growing. Following scientific hypothesis were designed: determine the plants reaction diversity on growth stimulator. For reaching the targets and confirm or reject the hypothesis was observed in natural conditions nearby the Chrastany region the plants of Saaz (clone 72) in interaction with the usage of growth stimulators. These stimulators were used: Humastar, Fertileader Vital, Lignoaktivátor. There were four variants: controled with no aplication and three other variants with usage of growth stimulators (for each variant were apllied only one stimulator for three times). The influence of growth stimulators on hops plants (phase BBCH from 37 to 81) was observed on the basis of the rate of gas exchanges, chlorophyl fluorescence and the leaves chlorophyl content, which were measured by infrared gas analyzer LCpro+ (ADC BioScientific Ltd. Hoddesdon, Great Britain), OS 1-FL (OPTI SCIENCES), Chlorofyl CCM 200 ADC BioScientific Ltd. Hoddesdon, Great Britain) After the crop was evaluated the yield of hop´s cones and the content of alpha acids, beta acids and essentials oils. The results of measurment indicates that the highest average transpiration rate was observed after Humastar application (+18,3 % against control variant). In the control variant was found the lowest average transpiration rate from all variants. The highest photosynthesis rate was found after Fertileader Vital application (+7 % against control variant). Decrease of photosynthesis rate about 17 % against the control variant was observed after Humastar application. The differences was also observed in chlorophyll fluorescence. The highest Fv/Fm value reached the hop´s plants after Fertileader Vital application, concretely 0,792. On the other hand the lowest Fv/Fm value was observed after Lignoaktivátor application (0,780). After the application of all tested growth stimulators were reached increase of a pigment´s content in hop´s leaves against the control variant. The highest content of pigments were observed after Fertileader Vital application (+19,2 % against control variant). Control variant reached the average content of pigments in hop´s leaves 25,5 chlorophyll units. Differences after the growth stimulation was also observed in yield and quality of dry hop´s cones. The highest yield reached the Lignoaktivátor variant (0,73 t/ha). This is an increase of 17,7 % against the control variant (0,62 t/ha). The yield of hop´s cones was decreased of 8,1 % against the control variant after Humastar application. The similiar trends were also observed in hop´s cones quality. The highest content of alpha acids (3,06 %) was reached after Lignoaktivátor application and at the same time Lignoaktivátor variant also achieved the highest content of essentials oils per 100 g of a sample (0,22 ml). Humastar variant had the lowest content of alpha acids (2,18 %) and also the lowest content of essential oils (0,14 ml). Based on the results it can be stated that the used growth stimulators had the influence on the physiological characteristics of hop´s plants and also affected the different yield and quality of hop´s cones. Proposed hypothesis were confirmed. Based on the one-year results, application of Fertileader Vital or Lignoaktivátor seems to bee more profitable than Humastar application.

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-03-07T16:19:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCS16MA157.pdf: 1361715 bytes, checksum: 2c336e09922581d425e029f59bc55512 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-07T16:19:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCS16MA157.pdf: 1361715 bytes, checksum: 2c336e09922581d425e029f59bc55512 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-20 / Capes / Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) is a perennial climbing vine belonging to the family Cannabaceae. It is important in the manufacture of medicines, cosmetic products and mainly in brewing production. The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) as a function of 4 different levels of acidity and 4 different levels of phosphate fertilization. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse on UDESC - Lages (SC), between December 2015 and March 2016. Hop seedlings were collected from a rural property at São Mateus do Sul (PR). The soil used was an Alumínic Humic Cambisol from Lages (SC) and it were limed, incubated and mixed until they achieved the chosen pH (5.2, 6.0 and 6.5). Following this treatment, 1.5 kg of soil were placed in plastic pots and fertilized with phosphate (90, 180, 360 kg.ha-1). The phosphorous source used was the mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP). The seedlings were transplanted to the plastic pots with soil and left for 120 days until their harvest. The root, stem and shoot were analyzed separately, being determined the dry mass, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and plant height. Calcium, magnesium, potassium, organic matter, aluminum, aluminum plus hydrogen, pH-water, pH-CaCl2 and pH SMP were analyzed using the methodology indicated by Tedesco et al. (1995). In relation to the pH, the dry masses of the aerial part, root and total were also significant, they also had the P, the Ca and the K in the root and in the aerial part were Ca and N. In relation to the P2O5 doses they obtained differences dry mass In the aerial part, root and total, the P in the stem, root and the Mg in the aerial part. The variables: plant height, P and K in aerial part, Mg and N in root and N in stem were interacted with liming and phosphate fertilization. There were no significant differences in dry matter, Ca, Mg and K in the stem. For the conditions performed in the experiment, the analyzed variables that obtained the best results were pH 5,2 and the dose of 180 kg.ha-1 of P2O5 / O lúpulo (Humulus lupulus L.) é uma trepadeira, perene e pertencente à família Cannabaceae. Tendo sua importância na fabricação de remédios, produtos cosméticos e principalmente na produção cervejeira. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o crescimento da cultura do lúpulo (Humulus lupulus L.), em relação a 4 diferentes níveis de acidez e 4 diferentes níveis de adubação fosfatada. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação da UDESC - Lages (SC), entre dezembro de 2015 até março de 2016. As mudas de lúpulo foram coletadas de uma propriedade rural da cidade de São Mateus do Sul (PR). O solo utilizado foi um Cambissolo Húmico Alumínico do município de Lages (SC), os solos foram calcareados, incubados e misturados até ficarem no pH (pH natural; pH 5,2; pH 6,0 e pH 6,5). Logo após esse período foram postos 1,5 kg de solo em vasos plásticos e adubados níveis de adubação fosfatada (0 ; 90 ; 180 ; 360 kg.ha-1), sendo a fonte utilizada a solução de mono - amônio fosfato (MAP). As mudas foram transplantadas para os vasos plásticos com solo e deixadas por 120 dias até a sua colheita. Foram analisadas separadamente a raiz, o caule e a parte aérea, sendo determinadas a massa seca, nitrogênio total, fósforo, potássio, cálcio, magnésio e altura de planta. No solo foram analisados os teores de cálcio, magnésio, potássio, matéria orgânica, alumínio, alumínio mais hidrogênio, pH-água, pH-CaCl2 e pH SMP utilizando a metodologia indicada por Tedesco et al (1995). Em relação ao pH tiveram diferenças significativas as massas secas da parte aérea, raiz e total, também tiveram o P, o Ca e o K na raiz e na parte aérea foram Ca e N. Já em relação às doses de P2O5 Obtiveram diferenças massa seca na parte aérea, raiz e total, o P no caule, raiz e o Mg na parte aérea. Tiveram interação calagem e adubação fosfatada as variáveis: altura de planta, P e K na parte aérea, Mg e N na raiz e o N no caule. Não obtiveram diferenças significativas a massa seca, o Ca,o Mg e o K no caule. Para as condições realizadas no experimento, as variáveis analisadas que obtiveram melhores resultados foram no pH 5,2 e a dose de 180 kg.ha-1 de P2O5

The objective of my work was to evaluate the efficiency of a native species of predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten against two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) within IPM and organic hop growing and to find out if hop protection against T. urticae with the help of T. pyri can replace conventional hop protection based on miticides and if it can be profitable. The trials were carried out since 2011 till 2015 in three hop gardens at a research farm Stekník, which belongs to Hop Research Institute in Žatec (Saaz). The first experimental hop garden, where IPM is practiced, is called Černice I. The other one BIO is, as the name says, under organic regime. The third one called Kaplička (Little Chapel) I., served as a reference one because hop is grown there under a common conventional system with the use of miticides to control T. urticae. In regular intervals since the time when the first spider mites were observed at hop leaves till the harvest fifty leaves were sampled (17 from lower, 17 from middle and 16 from upper parts of hop plants) in the hop garden with IPM regime and in the organic hop garden. Population densities of eggs, mobile stages of T. urticae and T. pyri were assessed together with nymphs of predatory Thrips of the genus Aeolothrips, which occurred there naturally as the dominant native acarophagous predators. The results were statistically evaluated with the help of correlation analyses and t-test for independent groups. Efficiency of T. pyri and economical comparison with chemical protection were made as well. It is possible to conclude that after release of predatory mites and under using of selective pesticides the biodiversity is higher. Hop protection against two-spotted spider mite with the help of T. pyri can be profitable and it can replace chemical protection against this dangerous pest for many years. T. pyri is commonly more efficient if population density of T. urticae is lower. The tightest dependence at the level of 90% was statistically confirmed between occurrence of T. urticae eggs and its mobile stages. Statistically important difference was found out between the two different types of hop growing in the most of the cases.

Natural products are teeming with potential therapeutic agents. One group of compounds, polyphenols, from plants, exhibit anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Four polyphenolic compounds and their enantiomers were investigated in this thesis; the stilbene, 3-methoxypterostilbene, a structural analog of resveratrol, and the chiral prenylflavonoids from hops (Humulus lupulus L.); 8-prenylnaringenin, 6-prenylnaringenin and isoxanthohumol. A high performance liquid chromatography method for 3-methoxypterostilbene and enantiospecific liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assays for the three prenylflavonoids were developed and validated. The methods allowed for quantification of these four polyphenols in biological samples and plant-based materials. Content analysis studies of 3-methoxypterostilbene and the three prenylflavonoids in traditional Chinese medicinal plants and hops-containing nutraceuticals were carried out, respectively. The pharmacokinetics of these four compounds were delineated through intravenous and oral administration in rats. 3-Methoxypterostilbene demonstrated greater bioavailability in rats than reported values for resveratrol. Enantiomeric differences in disposition parameters were observed for the three prenylflavonoids along with differences between compounds despite only small structural differences. The in vitro pharmacodynamics of these four compounds were elucidated including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and cytochrome P450 modulation activities. All four compounds demonstrated a range of bioactivities related to chronic diseases and potential drug-botanical interactions. Further studies of polyphenols, especially clinical studies, are needed along with enantiospecific study when applicable to continue delineating the importance of bioactivity, pharmacokinetics and safety. Natural products are further developed into nutraceuticals and sold over-the-counter for both human and veterinary use but are not currently required to demonstrate efficacy prior to marketing. In the final section of this thesis, Phycox®, a multi-component veterinary nutraceutical for joint health was investigated for pharmacological activity in an in vitro model of canine osteoarthritis along with select constituents. A pilot single-dose pharmacokinetic study in dogs was also undertaken. Two liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods were developed and validated to detect constituents in serum. In vitro study results indicated that Phycox® was able to reduce inflammatory mediators similar to the NSAID, carprofen, and acute pharmacokinetic results revealed that detectable concentrations of glucosamine were evident in serum. It is suggested that further clinical studies of Phycox® are warranted to optimize its usage. / May 2016

Orientador: Rodrigo Máximo Sánchez-Román / Resumo: O cultivo de lúpulo (Humulus Lupulus L) exige um adequado fornecimento de água, principalmente na fase de desenvolvimento, o qual envolve a formação e crescimento dos ramos laterais, florescimento, formação das inflorescências e maturação dos cones. Sabendo da importância do fornecimento de água na fase de desenvolvimento, a irrigação passou a ser utilizada nas áreas de cultivo desde o século XIX. No contexto da irrigação, a qualidade da água é um fator importante e que, quando não se dá a devida atenção, pode causar efeitos deletérios no sistema de irrigação, solo e na planta. O potencial hidrogeniônico (pH) é um dos parâmetros que caracteriza a qualidade de água para irrigação podendo influenciar na microbiologia do solo e no processo de intercâmbio de cátions (solo para a solução e vice-versa). Em virtude da importância da irrigação e dos poucos estudos relacionados ao pH da água da irrigação da cultura do lúpulo, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da irrigação com diferentes faixas de pH da água sob o desenvolvimento agronômico do lúpulo, variedade Cascade, cultivado em ambiente protegido. A pesquisa foi conduzida em casa de vegetação no Departamento de Bioprocessos e Biotecnologia – DBB da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – FCA/UNESP, Campus de Botucatu. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizados (DIC) com três tratamentos e dez repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por três faixas de pH da água, sendo: T1 – pH 6 a 6,5, T... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Hop cultivation (Humulus Lupulus L) requires a adequate supply of water, especially at the developmental stage, or as involved in lateral branch formation and growth, flowering, inflorescence formation and cone maturation. Knowing the importance of water supply in the development phase, irrigation has been used in cultivated areas since the 19th century. In the context of irrigation, water quality for irrigation is an important factor which, when not given due attention, can have deleterious effects on the irrigation system, soil and the plant. The hydrogen potential (pH) of water is one of the parameters that characterizes the quality of water for irrigation and can influence soil microbiology and the cation exchange process (soil for solution and vice versa). Due to the importance of irrigation and the few studies related to the water pH of the irrigation of the hop culture, this work had as objective evaluate the effect of irrigation with different water pH ranges on the agronomic development of hops, Cascade variety cultivated in protected environment. The research was conducted in a greenhouse at the Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology – DBB of the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences - FCA/UNESP, Botucatu Campus. The statistical design used was the completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments and ten replications. The treatments consisted of three water pH ranges: T1 - pH 6 to 6.5, T2 - pH 6.5 to 7 and T3 - 7 to 7.5. To obtain the treatments, 0,1 mol L-1 s... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2018-10-31T00:41:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio_Kupski_2015.pdf: 5793850 bytes, checksum: 1abe03c5de9e1065ce978b22b486cc50 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-31T00:41:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio_Kupski_2015.pdf: 5793850 bytes, checksum: 1abe03c5de9e1065ce978b22b486cc50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process of vegetable oils with CO2 is an alternative to the traditional processes, with advantages related to final product quality, extraction yield and simpler separation stages. Hops (Humulus Lupulus L.) are widely used for beer brewing and their essential oils contain substances with potential pharmaceutical use. Mathematical modeling of the mass transfer mechanisms that rule the SFE may provide information about the process parameters influence on the total yield and extraction rate. This work intends to analyze the influence of the following parameters: temperature (de 35 a 55º C), pressure (100 a 200 bar), particle size (de 3,28 X 10-4 m a 1,02 X 10-3 m), particle size distribution and raw material treatment. Extraction of hop with supercritical carbon dioxide was performed on experimental scale. The data obtained was used to adjust the extraction curves simulated with five models available at literature. Besides those, the data allowed to test a proposed model, applied for the extraction from hop bracts. Tested models adjusted the experimental data satisfactorily and the estimated parameters analysis allowed building another model. / O processo de extração supercrítica (SFE – supercritical fluid extraction) de óleos vegetais com CO2 é uma alternativa aos tradicionais, com vantagens relacionadas à qualidade do produto final, rendimento da extração e simplificação das etapas de separação. Os cones de lúpulo (Humulus lupulus L.) são amplamente utilizados na produção de cerveja e seus óleos essenciais contêm substâncias com potencial uso na indústria farmacêutica. A modelagem matemática dos mecanismos de transferência de massa que governam a SFE pode fornecer informações sobre a influência dos parâmetros de processo no rendimento total e na taxa de extração. Este trabalho propõe analisar a influência dos seguintes parâmetros: temperatura (de 35 a 55º C), pressão (100 a 200 bar), diâmetro da partícula (de 3,28 X 10-4 a 1,02 X 10-3 m), distribuição granulométrica das partículas e a forma de preparo da matéria prima. Foi realizada a extração de lúpulo com dióxido de carbono supercrítico com equipamento em escala experimental. Os dados obtidos foram utilizados para ajustar as curvas de extração simuladas utilizando cinco modelos fenomenológicos disponíveis na literatura. Além destes, os dados permitiram testar o modelo proposto, aplicado para a extração a partir das brácteas da inflorescência do lúpulo. Os modelos testados ajustaram de forma satisfatória os dados experimentais e a análise dos parâmetros estimados permitiu fundamentar um segundo modelo proposto.