Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 1910. / Published also as Studies in economics and political science ... no. 35 in the series of monographs by writers connected with the London school of economics and political science. Bibliography: p. 189-191.

If the issue of prisoners of war has given rise to numerous studies in recent years, nevertheless, this topic is far from exhausted. Built on a large corpus of archival sources, this study fuels the debate on ransoms and prisoners with new material. Its originality lies in its broad chronological framework, i.e. the duration of the Hundred Years War, as well as its perspective – that of lower ranking as well as higher-ranking prisoners on both side of the Channel. What does it mean for those men to live in the once coined ‘golden age of private ransoms’? My investigations hinge around three different themes: the status of prisoners of war, the ransoming process and the networks of assistance. I argue that the widespread practice of ransoming becomes increasingly systematic in the late Middle Ages. More importantly, I show how this evolution comes ‘from below’; from the individual masters and prisoners who faced the multiple obstacles raised by the lack of official structure. Indeed, the ransoming of prisoners remained the preserve of private individuals throughout the war and no sovereign could afford that this became otherwise. It is specifically the non-interventionism of the crown and the large freedom of action of individuals which shaped the ransom system.

This dissertation offers a study of the fifteenth century French polemical treatises written by authors such as Jean de Montreuil, Jean Juvénal des Ursins, Noël de Fribois and Robert Blondel, together with an edition of perhaps the most important of these works, Pour ce que plusieurs (1464). This treatise may have been written by Guillaume Cousinot II, who had been personally involved in the events surrounding the attack upon Fougères in 1449, a subject addressed in highly partial terms by this text; moreover, Cousinot had visited the Lancastrians in exile in Scotland, which might explain how Sir John Fortescue was able to learn of Jean Juvénal's Tres crestien, tres hault, tres puissant roy (1446), and how Pource que plusieurs in turn drew upon the pamphlets of Fortescue. The polemical texts went beyond moral and chivalric discussion of the war, to address the complex legal and historical issues underpinning the conflict. In response to the English claim to the French throne, Jean de Montreuil adopted the Salic Law, a highly dubious and problematic authority, but one that achieved great fame particularly through the influence of Pour ce que plusieurs. Similarly, the polemical writers rejected English demands for Aquitaine and Normandy in full sovereignty by arguing that no French king could alienate the sovereign rights of the crown. In the sixteenth century, both of these principles were elevated to the status of Fundamental Laws. These texts were not intended to serve as propaganda, but were generally produced by royal officials to serve as manuals for their fellow administrators and diplomats, and perhaps also for the king and other members of the court involved in negotiations with the English. Only in exceptional circumstances were such works disseminated beyond the narrow circles of the government and court, though royal officials did draw upon them when speaking at public assemblies.

Thesis (doctoral)--Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales, 1995. / Cover title. Includes bibliographical references (p. 527-554) and index.

Thèse-Univ. de Paris. / "Bibliographie" : p. xi-xxxii.

Le processus de mise en défense du bas Moyen Âge pose la question de l’évolution des communautés d’habitants du Toulousain. La compréhension des dynamiques de la défense nécessite une approche pluridisciplinaire fondée sur l’analyse des sources écrites, planimétriques, figurées et archéologiques. La richesse de la documentation met en lumière les rapports sociaux et l’organisation d’un groupe face au danger. Le phénomène des forts villageois a servi de support à une réflexion plus large sur les types et les formes de dispositifs défensifs. Une démarche comparative sur les structures interroge ainsi les modèles de fortifications et leur évolution. Au-delà de la dimension humaine et communautaire de la mise en défense, l’étude multi-scalaire éclaire les relations entre communauté et autorité seigneuriale, le rapport au territoire et l’interaction entre Toulouse et ses campagnes, mais aussi les réseaux de solidarité dans la protection d’un espace partagé. / The defence process in the late Middle Ages raises the question of evolution of communities inhabitanting in Toulouse area. Understanding the defensive dynamics requires a multidisciplinary approach based on the analysis of written, planimetric, iconographic and archaeological sources. The documentation’s precious contents highlight the social relationship and the organization of a group facing danger. The “forts villageois” phenomenon served a larger reflection about types and forms of defensive measures. A comparative approach on the structures questions fortifications models and their evolution. Beyond the human and community scope the multi-scale study points out the relationships between community and lord, the relation to the territory and the interaction between Toulouse and the surrounding villages, as well as the solidarity networks in a shared space protection.

The Hundred Years War was a series of conflicts from 1337 to 1453 waged between the House of Plantagenet of England and the House of Valois of France. This thesis will analyze the affect that the Hundred Years War had on the societies of both England and France, and in doing so will show that the war was a catalyst for bringing England and France out of what is recognized as the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance and Early Modern Period. The thesis will do this by looking at three sections of English and French society: the royalty and nobility who commanded and who arguably started the war, the soldiers and mercenary companies who fought the war, and the non-combatants who either contributed to the war or were affected by it in positive or negative ways. The evolution in the power and role of the monarchs will be analyzed, while the nobility will be analyzed in their capacity as the leaders during the war and how their station in society was affected by the war. Analysis of those that served and fought in the war are of equal importance, as the Hundred Years War saw the rise of paid professional armies comprised mostly of the peasantry. Mercenary companies will also be looked at, especially in France where they contributed much to pillaging and acts of violence against the people. While the experiences of the combatants are important to understanding the history of the war, the experiences of those that did not directly engage in the war is important to understanding how the war affected society as a whole. Those peasants whose farms were destroyed by raiding armies, mercenaries, or bandits suffered greatly because of the war. Yet some, such as merchants, profited from the war and became greatly enriched. The church and its role in attempting to mediate and bring peace, while others of the cloth served as outlets of propaganda in support of their kingdom, will also be looked at in this thesis.

De 1154 à 1453, Bordeaux se trouve sous l’obédience du roi d’Angleterre.L’ouverture du marché anglais favorise le développement d’un vignoble à vocation commerciale autour de la ville. De nombreux travaux sont consacrés à cette période faste du vignoble et du commerce du vin bordelais. En revanche, la situation du vignoble au lendemain de la fin de la guerre de Cent Ans (après la prise de Bordeaux par Charles VII en 1453) est très souvent restée dans l’ombre.Ce travail propose donc d’étudier les caractéristiques et les dynamiques du vignoble bordelais dans la seconde moitié du XVe siècle, après les crises de la fin du Moyen Âge. En raison de la nature des sources employées, l’approche adoptée est celle du point de vue des Bordelais sur le vignoble, ce qui permet d’analyser l’emprise urbaine sur les vignes des alentours. Nous verrons comment les stratégies foncières et économiques des élites urbaines, essentiellement composées de marchands, influencent l’évolution du vignoble bordelais après la guerre de Cent Ans. / From 1154 to 1453, Bordeaux is under the king of England's obedience. The opening of the English trade promotes the development of a turned-for-business vineyard around the town. Several researches are devoted to this lucky time for vineyardand Bordeaux wine trading. In return the state of the vineyard shortly after the end of the Hundred Years War (after the taking of Bordeaux by Charles VII in 1453) is very often remained in the background.Therefore this work purposes to study the Bordeaux vineyard characteristics and dynamics in the second half of the XVth century after the crisis of the end of the MidlleAges. On account of the nature of the used documents, the adopted approach is theBordeaux point of view about the vineyard, and this allows an analysis of the urbangrasp on the surrounding vineyards. We will see how the land and economic strategiesof the urban elites, mainly composed by merchants, influence the development of theBordeaux vineyard after the Hundred Years War.

Le Poitou au XIVème siècle subit des alternances de domination au cours de la guerre de Cent Ans. De 1360 à 1372, le Poitou est sous le contrôle de l’Angleterre et intégré à la Principauté d’Aquitaine. C’est alors que se met en place une administration spécifique avec un mode de gestion adapté à ces nouvelles régions. Après une reconquête ardue menée jusqu’en 1375 par Du Guesclin, le Poitou et les pays de l’Ouest passent sous le contrôle de la France et font partie de l’apanage du Duc Jean de Berry. Pendant les périodes où ils sont officiellement absents de la région : 1320-1356 et 1375 1415, les Anglais maintiennent une pression permanente sur la région, au moyen de raids, de chevauchées destructrices et de tentatives de débarquement avortées ou réussies. Il s’agit d’une nouvelle région où la domination anglaise s’exerce sous des formes très spécifiques. On peut ainsi avoir une vue d’ensemble des régions conquises et dominées par l’Angleterre pendant la Guerre de Cent Ans. On peut aussi y constater une nouvelle forme de « recovery » mise en place après chaque moment de tension et de conquête, soit par les Français, soit par les Anglais et ainsi étudier cette réalité politique de manière plus globale. Enfin, on peut aussi étudier l’intégration de cette région à un ensemble plus vaste constitué par la principauté d’Aquitaine. / Poitou during the Hundred Years’ War in the 14th century is alternately dominated by different political dynasties. From 1360 à 1372, Poitou is under English control and is part of the Principality of Aquitaine. An administration is put in place to administer these newly acquired regions. After a difficult reconquest of these regions by Du Guesclin in 1375, Poitou and the western lands are under the French control and are part of the “apanage” of the Duke of Berry. Despite not governing these lands from 1320-1356 and 1375-1415 the English keep these lands under constant military pressure via a series of raids, pillaging and naval landings. English domination while only periodic had very specific effects on these new lands. We can as such uniquely view these regions thanks to their domination both militarily and politically by the English during the Hundred Years’ War. We can also see periods of “recovery” after each tense period or military action, either by the French or the English, and as such study this unique political situation in its globality. Finally, we can also study the integration of this land in a bigger ensemble within the Principality of Aquitaine.

Current scholarship on the devotional practices of late medieval England has emphasized two representations of Christ. The first, considered the dominant trend, is that of the suffering Christ; the second, a minor, but important trend particularly for female audiences, is the maternal Christ. Both are revealing of the nature of late medieval Christo-centric devotion. This project contributes to the understanding of late medieval Christocentric devotion in England during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries by examining the representation of Christ in a martial role, as presented to clerical and lay audiences through the medium of popular sermons. It is a new contribution to the scholarship of late medieval devotion in its demonstration of a multifaceted Christ; the martial Christ echoes, but in many ways also contrasts, the images of the suffering and maternal Christ, in order to provide its audience with a more complex rendering of the human Christ, one which may have been more accessible to a lay populace seeking to form a relationship with him. This project also contributes to the growing field of sermon studies, intended to be comprehensive in nature. It uses a different approach to sermon studies, in that the entire corpus of nearly 4,500 sermons was reviewed. This was done in order to provide the most complete picture of the martial Christ. As a result, this project examines Christ in various martial roles, as well as his modelling of knighthood for kings, knights, preachers, and the laity. These representations were utilised by preachers to instruct their audiences in devotional practice, specifically forms of affective meditation; it was used as a didactic tool to teach the laity the complex doctrines of redemption and atonement; and finally, it was employed as a means to demonstrate the importance of right living in order to fulfill what Christ had promised on the cross, that is eternal salvation.