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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Verificação da memória longa persistente no mercado de bitcoins: uma análise do expoente de Hurst ao longo do tempo

Vidigal, Mateus 21 January 2015 (has links)
Submitted by MATEUS VIDIGAL (mateus.vidigal@gmail.com) on 2015-02-12T20:22:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MPFE_MateusVidigal_vfinal.pdf: 1157488 bytes, checksum: 113bc5416ff310650eb5287af828d6ed (MD5) / Rejected by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br), reason: Prezado Mateus, boa noite O seu trabalho foi rejeitado por não estar de acordo com as normas da ABNT. Segue abaixo o que deve ser alterado: - Na CAPA e CONTRA CAPA: Seu nome não pode estar em Negrito; o título deve ser em letras maiúsculas; retirar a formatação itálico, da palavra Bitcoins. - Na página dos Agradecimentos: Seu texto deve estar alinhado/justificado da mesma maneira que encontra-se o resumo. Aguardamos a correção e nova submissão de seu trabalho. Att Renata on 2015-02-12T21:05:02Z (GMT) / Submitted by MATEUS VIDIGAL (mateus.vidigal@gmail.com) on 2015-02-12T21:20:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MPFE_MateusVidigal_vfinal2.pdf: 1212567 bytes, checksum: 898d04aed461cd8bbbed42cea46a66ce (MD5) / Rejected by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br), reason: Conforme contato telefônico. on 2015-02-12T21:43:12Z (GMT) / Submitted by MATEUS VIDIGAL (mateus.vidigal@gmail.com) on 2015-02-12T21:57:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MPFE_MateusVidigal_vfinal3.pdf: 1158200 bytes, checksum: 19fabed94de926e49632a60f0dd99420 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2015-02-12T22:02:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPFE_MateusVidigal_vfinal3.pdf: 1158200 bytes, checksum: 19fabed94de926e49632a60f0dd99420 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-13T12:34:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MPFE_MateusVidigal_vfinal3.pdf: 1158200 bytes, checksum: 19fabed94de926e49632a60f0dd99420 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-21 / One of the main points in the capital market study is the discussion of market efficiency theory, in which case differs in relation to the real price behavior of most assets. This work aims to analyze the behavior of the Bitcoin Price Index (BPI) during the period from July 2010 to September 2014. Initially the hypothesis of random walk will be tested for the BPI. Then, long period correlations will be observed in financial time series using the Hurst exponent (H) as an analytical tool, which was initially used to calculate correlations in natural phenomena and then its scope has achieved the financial area. The study calculates the H exponent by distinct methods highlighting the R/S and DFA analysis. For the valuation of the exponent varying in time, it is used a 90 days moving window dislocating from 10 to 10 days. The calculation of the H exponent at different scales analyzes, for each day, the value in the last 360, 180 and 90 days respectively. The results show that the BPI index presents persistent long memory in almost the whole period of study. Furthermore, the analysis at different scales indicates the possibility of predicting turbulent events in the index for the same period. Finally, it was possible to prove the hypothesis of fractal markets for the series of BPI returns. / Um dos principais fatores de estudo do mercado de capitais é a discussão a respeito da teoria de eficiência de mercado, que no caso diverge em relação ao comportamento do preço da maioria dos ativos. Este trabalho tem o intuito de analisar o comportamento do principal índice de preços do mercado de bitcoins (BPI) durante o período de julho de 2010 a setembro de 2014. Inicialmente será testada a hipótese do passeio aleatório para o BPI. Em seguida serão verificadas as correlações de longa data nas séries financeiras temporais utilizando como instrumento de análise o expoente de Hurst (H), que inicialmente foi usado para calcular correlações em fenômenos naturais e posteriormente sua abrangência alcançou a área financeira. O estudo avalia o expoente H através de métodos distintos destacando-se a análise R/S e a DFA. Para o cálculo do expoente ao longo do tempo, utiliza-se uma janela móvel de 90 dias deslocando-se de 10 em 10 dias. Já para o cálculo em diferentes escalas verifica-se, para cada dia, o valor do expoente H nos últimos 360, 180 e 90 dias respectivamente. Os resultados evidenciaram que o índice BPI apresenta memória longa persistente em praticamente todo o período analisado. Além disso, a análise em diferentes escalas indica a possibilidade de previsão de eventos turbulentos no índice neste mesmo período. Finalmente foi possível comprovar a hipótese de mercados fractais para a série histórica de retornos do BPI.
42

Desenvolvimento de um modelo adaptativo baseado em um sistema SVR-Wavelet híbrido para previsão de séries temporais financeiras. / Development of an adaptive model based on a hybrid SVR-Wavelet system for forecasting financial time series.

Milton Saulo Raimundo 13 April 2018 (has links)
A necessidade de antecipar e identificar variações de acontecimentos apontam para uma nova direção nos mercados de bolsa de valores e vem de encontro às análises das oscilações de preços de ativos financeiros. Esta necessidade leva a argumentar sobre novas alternativas na predição de séries temporais financeiras utilizando métodos de aprendizado de máquinas e vários modelos têm sido desenvolvidos para efetuar a análise e a previsão de dados de ativos financeiros. Este trabalho tem por objetivo propor o desenvolvimento de um modelo de previsão adaptativo baseado em um sistema SVR-wavelet híbrido, que integra modelos de wavelets e Support Vector Regression (SVR) na previsão de séries financeiras. O método consiste na utilização da Transformada de Wavelet Discreta (DWT) a fim de decompor dados de séries de ativos financeiros que são utilizados como variáveis de entrada do SVR com o objetivo de prever dados futuros de ativos financeiros. O modelo proposto é aplicado a um conjunto de ativos financeiros do tipo Foreign Exchange Market (FOREX), Mercado Global de Câmbio, obtidos a partir de uma base de conhecimento público. As séries são ajustadas gerando-se novas predições das séries originais, que são comparadas com outros modelos tradicionais tais como o modelo Autorregressivo Integrado de Médias Móveis (ARIMA), o modelo Autorregressivo Fracionário Integrado de Médias Móveis (ARFIMA), o modelo Autorregressivo Condicional com Heterocedasticidade Generalizado (GARCH) e o modelo SVR tradicional com Kernel. Além disso, realizam-se testes de normalidade e de raiz unitária para distribuição não linear, tal como testes de correlação, para constatar que as séries temporais FOREX são adequadas para a comprovação do modelo híbrido SVR-wavelet e posterior comparação com modelos tradicionais. Verifica-se também a aderência ao Expoente de Hurst por meio da estatística de Reescalonamento (R/S). / The necessity to anticipate and identify changes in events points to a new direction in the stock exchange market and reaches the analysis of the oscillations of prices of financial assets. This necessity leads to an argument about new alternatives in the prediction of financial time series using machine learning methods. Several models have been developed to perform the analysis and prediction of financial asset data. This thesis aims to propose the development of SVR-wavelet model, an adaptive and hybrid prediction model, which integrates wavelet models and Support Vector Regression (SVR), for prediction of Financial Time Series, particularly Foreign Exchange Market (FOREX), obtained from a public knowledge base. The method consists of using the Discrete Wavelets Transform (DWT) to decompose data from FOREX time series, that are used as SVR input variables to predict new data. The series are adjusted by generating new predictions of the original series, which are compared with other traditional models such as the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (ARIMA), the Autoregressive Fractionally Integrated Moving Average model (ARFIMA), the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity model (GARCH) and the traditional SVR model with Kernel. In addition, normality and unit root tests for non-linear distribution, and correlation tests, are performed to verify that the FOREX time series are adequate for the verification of SVR-wavelet hybrid model and comparison with traditional models. There is also the adherence to the Hurst Exponent through the statistical Rescaled Range (R/S).
43

The Effects of Ketamine on the Brain’s Spontaneous Activity as Measured by Temporal Variability and Scale-Free Properties. A Resting-State fMRI Study in Healthy Adults.

Ayad, Omar January 2016 (has links)
Converging evidence from a variety of fields, including psychiatry, suggests that the temporal correlates of the brain’s resting state could serve as essential markers of a healthy and efficient brain. We use ketamine to induce schizophrenia-like states in 32 healthy individuals to examine the brain’s resting states using fMRI. We found a global reduction in temporal variability quantified by the time series’ standard deviation and an increase in scale-free properties quantified by the Hurst exponent representing the signal self-affinity over time. We also found network-specific and frequency-specific effects of ketamine on these temporal measures. Our results confirm prior studies in aging, sleep, anesthesia, and psychiatry suggesting that increased self-affinity and decreased temporal variability of the brain resting state could indicate a compromised and inefficient brain state. Our results expand our systemic view of the temporal structure of the brain and shed light on promising biomarkers in psychiatry
44

Aplikace R/S analýzy na finančních trzích / Application of R/S Analysis at Financial Markets

Vilhanová, Vanda January 2007 (has links)
The aim of this graduation thesis is the descriptiton of R/S analysis and it's aplication on chosen time series of share prices and exchange rates. Some main models of financial time series will be mentioned in the second chapter. There will described basic linear models of stationary and non stationary time series and models of volatility. Then we will focus on the main theme of this thesis, R/S analysis. The algorithm of R/S analysis and the interpretation of the Hurst exponent will be described in the forth chapter. In the fifth chapter, the R/S analysis will by applied on real data sets. There will be two data sest of share prices of Telefónica O2 and Philip Morris and two data sets of exchange rates CZK/EUR and CZK/USD. The results will be interpreted and compared.
45

Application of Random Matrix Theory for Financial Market Systems

Witte, Michael Jonathan 10 April 2014 (has links)
No description available.
46

A Computational Study of Elastomer Friction and Surface Topography Characterization using Fractal Theory

Seranthian, Kalay Arasan 12 September 2016 (has links)
No description available.
47

Use of Statistical Mechanics Methods to Assess the Effects of Localized muscle fatigue on Stability during Upright Stance

Zhang, Hongbo 27 January 2007 (has links)
Human postural control is a complex process, but that is critical to understand in order to reduce the prevalence of occupational falls. Localized muscle fatigue (LMF), altered sensory input, and inter-individual differences (e.g. age and gender) have been shown to influence postural control, and numerous methods have been developed in order to quantify such effects. Recently, methods based on statistical mechanics have become popular, and when applied to center of pressure (COP) data, appear to provide new information regarding the postural control system. This study addresses in particular the stabilogram diffusion and Hurst exponent methods. An existing dataset was employed, in which sway during quiet stance was measured under different visual and surface compliance conditions, among both genders and different age groups, as well as before and after induction of localized muscle fatigue at the ankle, knee, torso, and shoulder. The stabilogram diffusion method determines both short-term and long-term diffusion coefficients, which correspond to open- and closed-loop control of posture, respectively. To do so, a "critical point" (or critical time interval) needs to be determined to distinguish between the two diffusion regions. Several limitations are inherent in existing methods to determine this critical point. To address this, a new algorithm was developed, based on a wavelet transform of COP data. The new algorithm is able to detect local maxima over specified frequency bands within COP data; therefore it can identify postural control mechanisms correspondent to those frequency bands. Results showed that older adults had smaller critical time intervals, and indicating that sway control of older adults was essentially different from young adults. Diffusion coefficients show that among young adults, torso LMF significantly compromised sway stability. In contrast, older adults appeared more resistance to LMF. Similar to earlier work, vision was found to play a crucial role in maintaining sway stability, and that stability was worse under eyes-closed (EC) than eyes-opened (EO) conditions. It was also found that the short-term Hurst exponent was not successful at detecting the effects of LMF on sway stability, likely because of a small sample size. The new critical point identification algorithm was verified to have better sensitivity and reliability than the traditional approach. The new algorithm can be used in future work to aid in the assessment of postural control and the mechanisms underlying this control. / Master of Science
48

Forecasting Highly-Aggregate Internet Time Series Using Wavelet Techniques

Edwards, Samuel Zachary 28 August 2006 (has links)
The U.S. Coast Guard maintains a network structure to connect its nation-wide assets. This paper analyzes and models four highly aggregate traces of the traffic to/from the Coast Guard Data Network ship-shore nodes, so that the models may be used to predict future system demand. These internet traces (polled at 5â 40â intervals) are shown to adhere to a Gaussian distribution upon detrending, which imposes limits to the exponential distribution of higher time-resolution traces. Wavelet estimation of the Hurst-parameter is shown to outperform estimation by another common method (Sample-Variances). The First Differences method of detrending proved problematic to this analysis and is shown to decorrelate AR(1) processes where 0.65< phi1 <1.35 and correlate AR(1) processes with phi1 <-0.25. The Hannan-Rissanen method for estimating (phi,theta) is employed to analyze this series and a one-step ahead forecast is generated. / Master of Science
49

O estudo das propriedades multifractais de séries temporais financeiras. / The study of multifractal properties of financial time series.

Fonseca, Eder Lucio da 01 March 2012 (has links)
Séries temporais financeiras, como índices de mercado e preços de ativos, são produzidas por interações complexas dos agentes que participam do mercado. As propriedades fractais e multifractais destas séries fornecem evidências para detectar com antecedência a ocorrência de movimentos bruscos de mercado (crashes). Tais evidências são obtidas ao aplicar o conceito de Calor Específico Análogo C(q), proveniente da equivalência entre a Multifractalidade e Termodinâmica. Na proximidade de um crash, C(q) apresenta um ombro anômalo à direita de sua curva, enquanto que na ausência de um crash, possui o formato parecido com uma distribuição gaussiana. Com base neste comportamento, o presente trabalho propõe um novo indicador temporal IA(i), definido como a taxa de variação da área sob a curva de C(q). O indicador foi construído por intermédio de uma janela temporal de tamanho s que se movimenta ao longo da série, simulando a entrada de dados na série ao longo do tempo. A análise de IA(i) permite detectar com antecedência a ocorrência de grandes movimentos, como os famosos crashes de 1929 e 1987 para os índices Dow Jones, S&P500 e Nasdaq. Além disso, a análise simultânea de medidas como a Energia Livre, a Dimensão Multifractal e o Espectro Multifractal, sugerem que um crash de mercado se assemelha a uma transição de fase. A robustez do método para diferentes ativos e diferentes períodos de tempo, demonstra a importância dos resultados. Além disso, modelos estatísticos não lineares para a volatilidade foram empregados no trabalho para estudar grandes flutuações causadas por crashes e crises financeiras ao longo do tempo. / Financial time series such as market index and asset prices, are produced by complex interactions of agents that trade in the market. The fractal and multifractal properties of these series provides evidence for early detection of the occurrence of sudden market movements (crashes). This evidence is obtained by applying the concept of Analog Specific Heat C(q), from the equivalence between the Multifractal Analysis and Thermodynamics. In the vicinity of a crash, C(q) exhibits a shoulder at the right side of its curve, while in the absence of a crash, C(q) presents a form similar to a Gaussian distribution curve. Based on this behavior, it is proposed in this work a new temporal indicator IA(i) defined here as the area variation rate over the Specific Heat function. We have constructed the mentioned indicator from a window of data with the first points (size s), that moves throughout the series, simulating the actual input of data over time. The indicator IA(i) allows one detecting in advance the occurrence of large financial market movements, such as those occurred in 1929 and 1987 for the marked indexes Dow Jones, Nasdaq and S&P500. Moreover, the simultaneous analysis of measures such as the Free Energy, Multifractal Dimension and Multifractal Spectrum suggest that a market crash resembles a phase transition. The robustness of the method for others assets and different periods of time demonstrates the importance of the results. Moreover, nonlinear statistical models for volatility have been employed in the work to study large fluctuations caused by crashes and financial crises over time.
50

Análise de textura em imagens baseado em medidas de complexidade / Image Texture Analysis based on complex measures

Condori, Rayner Harold Montes 30 November 2015 (has links)
A análise de textura é uma das mais básicas e famosas áreas de pesquisa em visão computacional. Ela é também de grande importância em muitas outras disciplinas, tais como ciências médicas e biológicas. Por exemplo, uma tarefa comum de análise de textura é a detecção de tecidos não saudáveis em imagens de Ressonância Magnética do pulmão. Nesta dissertação, nós propomos um método novo de caracterização de textura baseado nas medidas de complexidade tais como o expoente de Hurst, o expoente de Lyapunov e a complexidade de Lempel-Ziv. Estas medidas foram aplicadas sobre amostras de imagens no espaço de frequência. Três métodos de amostragem foram propostas, amostragem: radial, circular e por caminhadas determinísticas parcialmente auto- repulsivas (amostragem CDPA). Cada método de amostragem produz um vetor de características por medida de complexidade aplicada. Esse vetor contem um conjunto de descritores que descrevem a imagem processada. Portanto, cada imagem será representada por nove vetores de características (três medidas de complexidade e três métodos de amostragem), os quais serão comparados na tarefa de classificação de texturas. No final, concatenamos cada vetor de características conseguido calculando a complexidade de Lempel-Ziv em amostras radiais e circulares com os descritores obtidos através de técnicas de análise de textura tradicionais, tais como padrões binários locais (LBP), wavelets de Gabor (GW), matrizes de co-ocorrência en níveis de cinza (GLCM) e caminhadas determinísticas parcialmente auto-repulsivas em grafos (CDPAg). Este enfoque foi testado sobre três bancos de imagens: Brodatz, USPtex e UIUC, cada um com seus próprios desafios conhecidos. As taxas de acerto de todos os métodos tradicionais foram incrementadas com a concatenação de relativamente poucos descritores de Lempel-Ziv. Por exemplo, no caso do método LBP, o incremento foi de 84.25% a 89.09% com a concatenação de somente cinco descritores. De fato, simplesmente concatenando cinco descritores são suficientes para ver um incremento na taxa de acerto de todos os métodos tradicionais estudados. Por outro lado, a concatenação de un número excessivo de descritores de Lempel-Ziv (por exemplo mais de 40) geralmente não leva a melhora. Neste sentido, vendo os resultados semelhantes obtidos nos três bancos de imagens analisados, podemos concluir que o método proposto pode ser usado para incrementar as taxas de acerto em outras tarefas que envolvam classificação de texturas. Finalmente, com a amostragem CDPA também se obtém resultados significativos, que podem ser melhorados em trabalhos futuros. / Texture analysis is one of the basic and most popular computer vision research areas. It is also of importance in many other disciplines, such as medical sciences and biology. For example, non-healthy tissue detection in lung Magnetic Resonance images is a common texture analysis task. We proposed a novel method for texture characterization based on complexity measures such as Lyapunov exponent, Hurst exponent and Lempel-Ziv complexity. This measurements were applied over samples taken from images in the frequency domain. Three types of sampling methods were proposed: radial sampling, circular sampling and sampling by using partially self-avoiding deterministic walks (CDPA sampling). Each sampling method produce a feature vector which contains a set of descriptors that characterize the processed image. Then, each image will be represented by nine feature vectors which are means to be compared in texture classification tasks (three complexity measures over samples from three sampling methods). In the end, we combine each Lempel-Ziv feature vector from the circular and radial sampling with descriptors obtained through traditional image analysis techniques, such as Local Binary Patterns (LBP), Gabor Wavelets (GW), Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Self-avoiding Deterministic Walks in graphs (CDPAg). This approach were tested in three datasets: Brodatz, USPtex and UIUC, each one with its own well-known challenges. All traditional methods success rates were increased by adding relatively few Lempel-Ziv descriptors. For example in the LBP case the increment went from 84.25% to 89.09% with the addition of only five descriptors. In fact, just adding five Lempel-Ziv descriptors are enough to see an increment in the success rate of every traditional method. However, adding too many Lempel-Ziv descriptors (for example more than 40) generally doesnt produce better results. In this sense, seeing the similar results we obtain in all three databases, we conclude that this approach may be used to increment the success rate in a lot of others texture classification tasks. Finally, the CDPA sampling also obtain very promising results that we can improve further on future works.

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