Virtualisering av servrar är på frammarsch och ser ut att bli ett mer och mer frekvent inslag i datacenter världen över. När virtualisering ska införas i en organisation eller företag är det därför viktigt att veta om sina behov och därifrån sedan välja en virtualiseringslösning som passar.Denna rapport presenterar en jämförelse av de tre hypervisorer som är ledande på marknaden för virtualisering; VMware ESXi, Citrix XenServer och Microsoft Hyper-V. Den första delen av jämförelsen innefattar granskning av funktionalitet hos hypervisorerna, så som stöd för gästoperativsystem och hårdvarustöd. Den andra delen av jämförelsen mäter prestandan på de tre hypervisorerna på gästoperativsystemen Windows Server 2008, Suse Linux Enterprise Server 11 och Ubuntu Server 8.04 LTS.Prestandatester utförs med SysBench och de komponenter som testas är processor, RAM-minne och hårddisk. Resultaten visar på varierande resultat för de olika hårdvarukomponenterna på de olika systemen som testats.

In many applications, e.g. medical, industrial and military systems, it is of interest to fit a circle to scattered data points belonging to a complete or incomplete circular arc. As an example, circle fitting can be applied in the industry, for quality control, when investigation is required to verify if a manufactured circular object has the desired radius or not. A variety of methods have been developed to handle the circle fitting problem. Some methods are relatively complex and provide more accurate circle fitting, whereas some are simple and fast but lacks accuracy. Furthermore, some methods handle circle fitting better on incomplete circular objects. However, for practical machine vision implementations, there seems to be a lack of study when it comes to circle fitting on largely incomplete circular arcs. Largely incomplete circular arcs refer to short arcs having corresponding angles of few degrees, e.g. less than 10°. Hence, this thesis deals with design and implementation of circle fitting on largely incomplete circular objects. The goal is to investigate the shortest circular arc, i.e. the shortest possible angle that, can be fitted to a circle with an accuracy of at least 98%. The approach includes studying related work, developing a vision based algorithm for circle fitting on incomplete circular objects and conducting experiments using live stream 2D images. We designed and implemented an algorithm, based on a circle fitting algorithm, called Hyper fit. Our experimental set-up, with a 5-Megapixel camera, showed that it is possible to fit a circle, with an accuracy of 98%, to a short circular arc with an angle of only 1.95° of a complete circle. 1.95° corresponds to 0.54% of a complete circles circumference. Results showed that, using a high-resolution camera, it is possible to fit accurate circles on largely incomplete circular arcs. Moreover, the implementation achieved the real-time requirement, as it could process at least 3 fps (frames per second).

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, is estimated to infect approximately one-third of the world’s population and is responsible for around 2 million deaths per year. The disease is endemic in South Africa which has one of the world’s highest tuberculosis incidence and death rates. The M. tuberculosis Beijing genotype are characterised by having an enhanced virulence capability over other M. tuberculosis strains and are the predominant strain observed in the Western Cape of South Africa. DNA methylation is a largely untapped area of research in M.tuberculosis and has been poorly described in the literature especially given its connection to virulence despite it being well characterised along with its role in virulence in other pathogenic bacteria such as E.coli. The overall aim was to characterise a global DNA methylation profile for two M. tuberculosis Beijing strains, hyper-virulent and hypo-virulent, using single molecule real time sequencing data technology. Moreover, to determine if adenine methylation in promoter regions has a possible functional role. This study identified and characterised the DNA methylation profile at the single nucleotide resolution in these strains using Pacific Biosciences single molecule real time sequencing data. A computational approach was used to discern DNA methylation patterns between the hyper and hypo-virulent strains with a view of understanding virulence in the hyper-virulent strain. Methylated motifs, which belong to known Restriction Modification (RM) systems of the H37Rv referencegenome were also identified. N6-methyladenine (m6A) and N4-methlycytosine (m4C) loci were identified in both strains. m6A were idenitified in both strains occuring within the following sequence motifs CACGCAG (Type II RM system), GATNNNNRTAC/GTAYNNNNATC (Type I RM system), while the CTGGAGGA motif was found to be uniquley methylated in the hyper-virulentstrain.Interestingly, the CACGCAG motif was significantly methylated (p = 9.9 x10 -63) at a higher proportion in intergenic regions (~70%) as opposed to genic regions in both the hyper-virulent and hypo-virulent strains suggesting a role in gene regulation. There appeared to be a higher proportion of m6A occuring in intergenic regions compared to within genes for hyper-virulent (61%) and hypo-virulent (62%) strains. The genic proportion revealed that 35% of total m6A occurred uniquely within genes for the hyper-virulent strain while 27.9% for uniquely methylated genes in hypo-virulent strain.

Supply chain optimization is one of the key components for the effective management of a company with a complex manufacturing process and distribution network. Companies with a global presence in particular are motivated to optimize their distribution plans in order to keep their operating costs low and competitive. Changing condition in the global market and volatile energy prices increase the need for an automatic decision and optimization tool. In recent years, many techniques and applications have been proposed to address the problem of supply chain optimization. However, such techniques are often too problemspecific or too knowledge-intensive to be implemented as in-expensive, and easy-to-use computer system. The effort required to implement an optimization system for a new instance of the problem appears to be quite significant. The development process necessitates the involvement of expert personnel and the level of automation is low. The aim of this project is to develop a set of strategies capable of increasing the level of automation when developing a new optimization system. An increased level of automation is achieved by focusing on three areas: multi-objective optimization, optimization algorithm usability, and optimization model design. A literature review highlighted the great level of interest for the problem of multiobjective optimization in the research community. However, the review emphasized a lack of standardization in the area and insufficient understanding of the relationship between multi-objective strategies and problems. Experts in the area of optimization and artificial intelligence are interested in improving the usability of the most recent optimization algorithms. They stated the concern that the large number of variants and parameters, which characterizes such algorithms, affect their potential applicability in real-world environments. Such characteristics are seen as the root cause for the low success of the most recent optimization algorithms in industrial applications. Crucial task for the development of an optimization system is the design of the optimization model. Such task is one of the most complex in the development process, however, it is still performed mostly manually. The importance and the complexity of the task strongly suggest the development of tools to aid the design of optimization models. In order to address such challenges, first the problem of multi-objective optimization is considered and the most widely adopted techniques to solve it are identified. Such techniques are analyzed and described in details to increase the level of standardization in the area. Empirical evidences are highlighted to suggest what type of relationship exists between strategies and problem instances. Regarding the optimization algorithm, a classification method is proposed to improve its usability and computational requirement by automatically tuning one of its key parameters, the termination condition. The algorithm understands the problem complexity and automatically assigns the best termination condition to minimize runtime. The runtime of the optimization system has been reduced by more than 60%. Arguably, the usability of the algorithm has been improved as well, as one of the key configuration tasks can now be completed automatically. Finally, a system is presented to aid the definition of the optimization model through regression analysis. The purpose of the method is to gather as much knowledge about the problem as possible so that the task of the optimization model definition requires a lower user involvement. The application of the proposed algorithm is estimated that could have saved almost 1000 man-weeks to complete the project. The developed strategies have been applied to the problem of Caterpillar’s global supply chain optimization. This thesis describes also the process of developing an optimization system for Caterpillar and highlights the challenges and research opportunities identified while undertaking this work. This thesis describes the optimization model designed for Caterpillar’s supply chain and the implementation details of the Ant Colony System, the algorithm selected to optimize the supply chain. The system is now used to design the distribution plans of more than 7,000 products. The system improved Caterpillar’s marginal profit on such products by a factor of 4.6% on average.

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This work examines hyper-local media in relation to global economic recession and new media phenomenon. The definition of hyper-local media is suggested in the geographical and communities context. Practical part of the study describes Naše adresa project, whose aim is to fulfill the principles of hyper-local news in the Czech Republic. There is also a proposal of community integration of Naše adresa project web part with the existing social networks like Facebook.

Les Pyrénées sont une chaîne plissée à double vergence déversée vers le Sud. Elles se sont érigées suite à l’inversion au Crétacé Supérieur de domaines hyper-étirés au Crétacé Inférieur et à la collision des plaques continentales ibérique et européenne à l’Eocène-Oligocène. Cependant, l’évolution thermique de ces domaines hyper-étirés pendant l’inversion, de même que l’impact de cet héritage thermique extensif sur la formation du prisme orogénique, sont à ce jour peu ou pas contraints.La Zone Nord-Pyrénéenne (ZNP) a préservé de nombreux marqueurs de cette hyper-extension (manteau sous-continental exhumé, métamorphisme HT-BP) ce qui en fait une zone d’étude tout à fait adaptée pour aborder ces questions. Pour apporter des contraintes à la fois thermiques et temporelles sur l’évolution de ces domaines, plusieurs méthodes de datation thermochronologique basse-température ((U-Th-Sm)/He et traces de fission sur apatites et zircons) ont été utilisées.Pendant l’extension, le bassin de Mauléon (à l’Ouest de la ZNP) a enregistré la mise en place d’un fort gradient thermique (~80°C/km), associé à l’amincissement extrême de la lithosphère sous-jacente. Le bassin est resté chaud même après le début de la convergence pendant 20-30 Ma. Cette anomalie thermique est encore plus forte au centre de la ZNP au Sud de la région Ariège. Les données obtenues sur les unités moins déformées au Nord de la région indiquent que ces domaines moins étirés enregistrent du refroidissement associé à de la dénudation et conservent leur architecture au cours de la convergence et de la collision. / The Pyrenees are a double vergent fold and thrust belt. The Pyrenean belt resulted from the inversion and the collision of previously hyper-extended domains of the Iberian and European plates from the Late Cretaceous to the Late Oligocene. However, what is the thermal evolution of such inverted hyper-extended domains, as well as the influence of this extensional thermal inheritage on the orogenic growth, are poorly constrained.The North Pyrenean Zone (NPZ) is characterized by numerous preserved evidences of this hyper-extension (exhumation of sub-continental mantle material, high temperature-low pressure metamorphism). We bring time and temperature constraints on the evolution of these hyper-extended domains from rifting to collision, by using low-temperature thermochronology ((U-Th-Sm)/He and fission track analyses on apatites and zircons).The Mauléon basin (western part of the NPZ) recorded a high geothermal gradient emplaced during extension due to the extreme thinning of the lithosphere below. The basin remained hot even during the beginning of the convergence. Cooling is only recorded during the main phase of orogenic growth. The imprint of this thermal anomaly is stronger farther to the east, in the central NPZ (Ariège area). Here, the hyper-extended domain is not well preserved, because of a higher amount of shortening. New thermochronological and structural data on the relatively less deformed units to the North revealed cooling during extension, related to denudation. Moreover, these domains conserved their extensional architecture during convergence and collision.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第22807号 / 情博第737号 / 新制||情||126(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科システム科学専攻 / (主査)教授 下平 英寿, 教授 田中 利幸, 教授 鹿島 久嗣 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

In this dissertation, theoretical, computational, and experimental methodologies are introduced to determine the rate-dependent material properties of the brain tissue. Experiments have shown that the brain tissue is significantly rate-dependent. To examine the range of strain rates at which trauma might happen, a validated finite element (FE) human head model was initially employed to examine the biomechanics and dynamic behavior of the head and brain under impact and blast loads. The strain rates to cause traumatic brain injury (TBI) were found to be in the range of 36 to 241 1/s, under these types of loadings. These findings provided a good estimation prior to exploring the required experiments for characterizing the brain tissue. The brain samples were tested by employing unconfined compression tests at three different deformation rates of 10 (n= 10 brain samples), 100 (n=8), and 1000 mm/sec (n=12). It was found that the tissue exhibited a significant rate-dependent behavior with various compression rates. Two different material characterization approaches were proposed to evaluate the rate-dependent mechanical responses of the brain. In the first approach, based on the parallel rheological framework, a single-phase viscoelastic model which captures the key aspects of the rate-dependency in large strain behavior was introduced. The extracted material parameters showed an excellent constitutive representation of tissue response in comparison with the experimental test results (R^2=0.999). The obtained material parameters were employed in the FE simulations of the brain tissue and successfully verified by the experimental results. In the second approach, the brain tissue is modeled as a biphasic continuum, consisting of a compressible solid matrix fully saturated with an incompressible interstitial fluid. The governing equations based on conservation of mass and momentum are used to describe the solid-fluid interactions. This viscoelastic biphasic model can effectively estimate the rate-dependent tissue deformations, the hydrostatic pressure as well as fluid diffusion through the tissue. Although both single-phasic, as well as bi-phasic models, can successfully capture the key aspects of the rate-dependency in large strain deformation, it was shown the biphasic model can demystify more phenomenological behavior of this tissue that could not be perceived with yet established, single-phasic approaches.

The purpose of master's thesis is preparing the proposal for optimization of servers using virtualization and consolidation. The master's thesis is divided into three parts. The first one is engaged theoretical ground of computer network, second part analyses the current state of IT infrastructure within the specific business. The last part contains the proposal to modernization and optimization of existing server solution including summary of expected costs for realization od proposal.