This work represents the integration of a hybrid system based on Micro Gas Turbine system available at the division of Heat and Power Technology at KTH and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell.  The MGT available is an externally fired recuperated and the SOFC is of planar type. Before the integration, these two different candidates of environmentally friendly power generation systems are discussed separately. The advantages and performances of the two separate systems are presented. The operation conditions as pressure and temperature are fixed at different stations based on the previous experiments. Keeping the parameters constant a reduction of fuel to the combustor could be achieved. Finally, layout of the hybrid system diagram is suggested and orientation of a computer designed layout is also presented. An efficiency of 65% from SOFC has been achieved and reductions of the fuel by more than 50% to the MGT are noteworthy.

Polygeneration systems attract attention recently because of their high efficiency and low emission compare to the conventional power generation technology. Three different polygeneration systems based on low temperature solid oxide fuel cell, atmospheric solid oxide fuel cell/ micro gas turbine, and pressurized solid oxide fuel cell/ micro gas turbine are mathematically modeled in this study using MATLAB (version 7.12.0.635). These systems are designed to provide space heating, cooling and hot domestic water simultaneously. This report provides the design aspects of such systems. Furthermore, the effects of some important operating properties on the polygeneration systems performance are investigated.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / This work proposes a low-cost hybrid hardware and software system that, through a set of methods and nested while loop fitting algorithms, allows to automatically identify the electrical and mechanical parameters of a brushed direct current motor. The aim is to facilitate a tool that contributes to the development of motion control projects in which this type of actuator is used, automating and speeding up the identification process of the motor system aiming to reach 98% accuracy, in order to guarantee a good electrical and mechanical parameter estimates for the brushed direct current motor. To achieve the objective, a platform was developed consisting of a main interface programmed in Matlab and a data acquisition hardware based on a single-phase incremental optical encoder, an H-bridge, an optocoupler circuit, and a C language-programmed DSPIC30F2010. Both parts of the platform are interconnected through the authors' own serial communication protocol.

The growing penetration of variable renewable energy has brought all-round challenges to the current power system, no matter for the grid infrastructure, market design or the power producers. The positive and negative externalities caused by the market participators are to be finer priced and a significant amount of flexibility is to be added to the system, in order to counter these problems and facilitate energy transition. The flexibility providers range from dispatchable sources such as thermal generators and gas turbines, interruptible data centers and electric vehicle clusters, to direct and indirect storage such as battery and hydrogen. The intermittency of variable renewable energies can be effectively managed combining with these flexibility providers, and the more expectable output can lead to the more expectable income.  This study investigated a wind-biogas-hydrogen hybrid system, and biogas plays the role of ramping the system up and down according to different situations. When there is a wind deficit, the biogas-to-power unit is activated to compensate for the gap; when there is a wind surplus, the extra power is fed to the biogas pyrolysis equipment and produces hydrogen. To figure out its performance in the power market, a Supply Function Equilibrium approach for the day-ahead market is adopted and extended to the active participation in the balancing market under a two-price settlement scheme. Selling the hydrogen, meanwhile, earns the system additional revenue from the hydrogen market. Given these settings, twelve scenarios of operation mode are proposed and their marginal costs are derived. Results show that the supply function of the system follows the price signal in the balancing market and as well is determined by the cost of activating the flexibility components. By aggregating the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions from all the scenarios, the bidding price that maximizes the system profit can thus be obtained.

Bolivia är ett land i Sydamerika där en stor del av befolkningen lever utan tillgång till tillförlitligelektricitet på grund av olika topografiska och/eller ekonomiska förhållanden. Lösningen pådetta problem har varit att förlänga det nationella elnätet vilket är tidskrävande och inte alltidekonomiskt försvarbart. Därför har mindre system, för ett samhälle eller en familj, börjatutvecklas. Dessa system består vanligtvis av en dieselgenerator men i vissa fall är det även ettdiesel-/PV-hybridsystem. Syftet med denna rapport är att analysera potentialen hos olikahybridsystem samt att sammanställa tidigare arbeten om energi- och hybridsystem i Bolivia somen grund för framtida studier.Hypotesen i denna rapport är att Bolivia kan delas in i tre olika geografiska områden (3 fall) ochatt ett hybridsystem kan utformas för var och ett av dessa områden där sammasystemkonfiguration kan användas, endast i olika skalor. Genom detta kan kostnaden minskasför samhället eftersom det kan standardiseras. Möjligheten för samhällen, geografiskt näravarandra, att dela ett system och anslutas via ett minigrid kommer också analyseras.För detta kommer potentialen och efterfrågan på energi runt om i landet att undersökas och olikateknologier för förnybara energisystem kommer också att övervägas. Från denna informationkommer flera optimeringar i HOMER PRO-mjukvaran att utföras för att designa systemetskonfiguration och analysera systemets effektivitet.I rapporten uppskattas behovet för två olika scenarion. Ett samhälle med endast bostäder(1.5 kWh/hushåll/dag) och ett med fungerande infrastruktur så som skolor, gatubelysning etc.(4 kWh/hushåll/dag). Dessa undersöks sedan i två olika skalor vardera för att se hur ett systembeter sig när samhället växer. Behovet för ett samhälle med endast bostäder kommer analyserasför 10 och 20 hushåll medans samhället med infrastruktur analyseras för 50 och 100 hushåll.Studiens slutsats är att PV-/dieselsystemet är det mest ekonomiskt hållbara, förutom då en starkhydroresurs finns tillgänglig, för då kan ett PV-/hydrosystem eller endast hydrosystem fyllabehovet till ett bättre pris. Dessa system är även mer ekologiskt hållbara. Det kunde även ses attsmå förändringar med mer förnyelsebara resurser, för storskaliga system, kunde minskadieselförbrukningen väsentligt och detta med en låg prisökning. Förlängningen av etthybridsystem till flera samhällen visade sig emellertid inte vara effektivt. / Bolivia is a country in South America where a large part of its population lives without access toreliable electricity due to various topographical or/and economic conditions. The solution to thisproblem has been to extend the national electricity grid. This takes time and is not economicallysustainable in all cases. Smaller systems, for a community or household, have therefore started tobe developed. These systems usually consist out of a diesel generator or, in some cases, adiesel/PV hybrid system. The purpose of this report is to analyse the potential of different hybridsystems for different areas in Bolivia and to compile the previous work undertaken in energydemand and hybrid systems in Bolivia. From the gathered information, future studies will besuggested.The hypothesis of this report is that Bolivia can be divided into three different geographical areas(3 cases) and a hybrid system can be designed for each one of these areas. The same systemconfiguration can be used in all cases, only used in different scales. The cost can then be reducedfor the community, since it can be standardized. The report will also look at the possibility forcommunities’, close to each other, to share one system and be connected through a minigridsystem.To analyse this, the potential/demand of energy around the country will be examined anddifferent technologies of renewable energy systems will be considered. From this information,multiple optimizations in the HOMER PRO software will be performed to design and analysethe effectiveness of the systems. Estimations for two different scenarios will be made. Onecommunity with only resident houses (1.5 kWh/household/day) and one society with workinginfrastructure such as schools and public lighting (4 kWh/household/day). These are thenexamined in two different scales each, to see how a system behaves when scaled up. The demandfor a community with only private houses will be analyzed for 10 and 20 households. The largersociety with infrastructure for 50 and 100 households.The conclusion that could be drawn after the project is that the PV / Diesel system is the mosteconomically sustainable in all cases, except if a strong hydro-recourse is available then aPV/hydro or single hydro system can fill the demand for a better price. These systems are alsomore ecologically sustainable. It was also observed that minor changes, more renewableresources, in the system configuration for large-scale systems could significantly reduce dieselconsumption and at a lower price. The extension of a hybrid system to several communities didnot prove to be effective.

Yes / In this research, the effect of operating parameters on the fresh water production cost of hybrid Multi Effect Distillation (MED) and Reverse Osmosis (RO) system is investigated. To achieve this, an earlier comprehensive model developed by the authors for MED + RO system is combined with two full-scale cost models of MED and RO processes collected from the literature. Using the economic model, the variation of the overall fresh water cost with respect to some operating conditions, namely steam temperature and steam flow rate for the MED process and inlet pressure and flow rate for the RO process, is accurately investigated. Then, the hybrid process model is incorporated into a single-objective non-linear optimisation framework to minimise the fresh water cost by finding the optimal values of the above operating conditions. The optimisation results confirm the economic feasibility of the proposed hybrid seawater desalination plant.

No / Multi Effect Distillation (MED) and Reverse Osmosis (RO) processes have been extensively used to produce freshwater from seawater resources. amongst many performance indicators, energy consumption of different configuration of hybrid system of MED and RO processes have been analysed in the past. Hybrid MED-RO system is energy intensive and use of fossil fuel can significantly increase the carbon footprint, unless stable renewable energy sources are used. In this work specific energy consumption of a simple hybrid MED-RO system with permeate reprocessing is minimised while optimising a number of operating decision variables using model based optimisation technique. A detailed process model developed earlier by the authors is embedded in the optimisation framework resulting in a constrained Non-linear Programming (NLP) problem. The minimum specific energy consumption achieved in this work is about 18% lower than what is reported in the literature resulting in a significant energy saving and thus carbon footprint.

The Water Recovery System (WRS) is one of the necessary subsystems in an Advanced Life Support program. It regenerates potable water by processing wastewater generated on a space shuttle or on a space station. The Biological Water Processor (BWP) is one of the complex subsections of WRS that involves processes described by continuous time as well as discrete event dynamics. Such systems can be modeled as hybrid dynamical systems in MATLAB/Stateflow. The following state variables of the BWP have been simulated in MATLAB: Pressure drop across Organic Carbon Oxidation Reactor (OCOR), Pressure drop across nitrification reactor, nitrifier flow rate, total flow to OCOR, Gas-liquid separator level, feed pump modes. The developed model of the BWP can be used for the simulation of the complete WRS and also for synthesis of a distributed control laws for the BWP subsection.

No description available.

Veränderungen in phosphorylierungsabhängigen Signalwegen, Akkumulation von Proteinaggregaten im Gehirn und neuronaler Zelltod sind Neurodegenerationskennzeichen und Indikatoren für überlappende molekulare Mechanismen. Um Einblicke in die involvierten Signalwege zu erhalten, wurde mit Hilfe eines modifizierten Hefe-Zwei-Hybrid (Y2H)-Systems für 71 Proteine, die mit neurologischen Erkrankungen assoziiert sind, proteomweit nach Protein-Protein Interaktionen (PPIs) gesucht. Für 21 dieser Proteine wurden PPIs identifiziert. Das Gesamtnetzwerk besteht aus 79 Proteinen und 90 PPIs von denen 5 phosphorylierungsabhängig sind. Ein Teil dieser PPIs wurde in unabhängigen Interaktionsassays mit einer Validierungsrate von 66 % getestet. Der netzwerkbasierte Versuch verbindet erfolgreich neurologische Erkrankungen untereinander aber auch mit zellulären Prozessen. Ser/Thr-Kinase abhängige PPIs verknüpfen zum Beispiel das Parkinson Protein 7 (PARK7, DJ1) mit den E3 Ligase Komponenten ASB3 und RNF31 (HOIP). Die Funktion dieser Proteine bekräftigt den Zusammenhang zwischen dem Ubiquitin-Proteasom-System und der Parkinson Krankheit (PD). Neurofibromin 2 (NF2, merlin) Isoformen und PARK7 interagieren mit der regulatorischen PI3K Untereinheit p55-gamma (PIK3R3). Diese PPIs basieren auf Tyr-Kinase Aktivität im modifizierten Y2H System und funktionellen PIK3R3 pTyr-Erkennungsmodulen (SH2 Domänen) in co-IP und Venus PCA Versuchen. Dies verknüpft den PI3K/AKT Überlebenssignalweg mit zwei unterschiedlichen neurologischen Erkrankungsphenotypen: dem PD assoziierten neuronalen Zelltod und der Neurofibromatose Typ 2-assoziierten Tumorentstehung. Die vergleichende Beobachtung von PIK3R3, AOF2 (KDM1A, LSD1) Interaktionen auf NF2 Isoformlevel offenbart eine Bevorzugung von Isoform 7 bei zytoplasmatischer Lokalisation, wohingegen Isoform 1 PPIs an der Membran lokalisiert sind. Das modifizierungsabhängige und isoformspezifische PPI Netzwerk ermöglichte neue Hypothesen zu molekularen Pathomechanismen. / Alterations in phosphorylation-dependent signalling pathways, accumulation of aggregated proteins in the brain and neuronal apoptosis are common to neurodegeneration and implicate overlapping molecular mechanism. To gain insight into involved pathways, a modified yeast-two hybrid (Y2H) system was applied to screen 71 proteins associated with neurological disorders in a proteome-wide manner. For 21 of these proteins interactions were identified including 5 phosphorylation-dependent ones. In total, the network connected 79 proteins through 90 protein-protein interactions (PPIs). A fraction of these Y2H PPIs was tested in secondary interaction assays with a validation rate of 66 %. The described network-based approach successfully identified proteins associated with more than one disorder and cellular functions connected to specific disorders. In particular, the network revealed Ser/Thr kinase-dependent PPIs between the Parkinson protein 7 (PARK7, DJ1) and the E3 ligase components ASB3 and RNF31 (HOIP). The function of these proteins further substantiates the established connection between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and ubiquitination-mediated proteasome (dis)functions. Neurofibromin 2 (NF2, merlin) isoforms and PARK7 were identified as PI3K regulatory subunit p55-gamma (PIK3R3) interactors. These PPIs required Tyr kinase coexpression in the modified Y2H system and functional PIK3R3 pTyr-recognition modules (SH2 domains) in co-IP and Venus PCA experiments. This finding implicates the PI3K/AKT survival pathway in PD-associated neuronal apoptosis and Neurofibromatosis type 2-associated tumour formation. Investigation of PIK3R3, AOF2 (KDM1A, LSD1) and EMILIN1 PPIs on NF2 isoform level revealed preferential isoform 7 binding and cytoplasmic or membrane localisation of these PPIs for isoform 7 or 1, respectively. The generated modification-dependent and isoform-specific PPI network triggered many hypotheses on the molecular mechanisms implicated in neurological disorders.