International Development and its aims are often contested in post-colonial discourses and by postcolonial thinkers. The fundamental concepts of development, as we see in the sector of aid and international development, steer the values, execution and evaluation of development projects across the globe, as well as national development policy. While international development theory has gone through several frameworks, the concepts that underpin ideas of development have remained the same. Economic growth and political liberalism dominate development priorities, from national to grassroots efforts, while shifts in development theory like the capability approach or well-being index are treated as an appendage, or secondary to the overall goals of economic growth.While development practice continues to focus on economic growth and battles with how to marry this with eradicating environmental and human suffering, art and culture provide a paradigm shift that gives us access to ways of being, relating and knowing that step outside of the extractive dimension. This research investigates how artists in the city of Baguio, Philippines have contributed to the development of the area, and what main concepts of progress they have promoted. Through these insights a new approach to culture and development is aimed to be conceived.

Robôs sociáveis devem ser capazes de interagir, se comunicar, compreender e se relacionar com os seres humanos de uma forma natural. Existem diversas motivações práticas e científicas para o desenvolvimento de robôs sociáveis como plataforma de pesquisas, educação e entretenimento. Entretanto, embora diversos robôs sociáveis já tenham sido desenvolvidos com sucesso, ainda existe muito trabalho para aprimorar a sua eficácia. A utilização de uma arquitetura robótica pode reduzir fortemente o esforço requerido para o desenvolvimento de um robô sociável. Tal arquitetura robótica deve possuir estruturas e mecanismos para permitir a interação social, o controle do comportamento e o aprendizagem a partir do ambiente. Tal arquitetura deve ainda possuir estruturas e mecanismos para permitir a percepção e a atenção, a fim de permitir que um robô sociável perceba a riqueza do comportamento humano e do meio ambiente, e para aprender a partir de interações sociais. Os processos de aprendizado evidenciados na Análise do Comportamento podem levar ao desenvolvimento de métodos e estruturas promissoras para a construção de robôs sociáveis capazes de aprender por meio da interação com o meio ambiente e de exibir comportamento social apropriado. O proposito deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de uma arquitetura robótica inspirada na Análise do Comportamento. A arquitetura desenvolvida é capaz de simular o aprendizado do comportamento operante e os métodos e estruturas propostos permitem o controlo e a exibição de comportamentos sociais apropriados e o aprendizado a partir da interação com o meio ambiente. A arquitetura proposta foi avaliada no contexto de um problema real não trivial: o aprendizado da atenção compartilhada. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a arquitetura é capaz de exibir comportamentos apropriados durante uma interação social real e controlada. Ainda, os resultados mostram também que a arquitetura pode aprender a partir de uma interação social. Este trabalho é a base para o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta para a construção dos robôs sociáveis. Os resultados obtidos abrem muitas oportunidades de trabalhos futuros / Sociable robots should be able to interact, to communicate, to understand and to relate with human beings in a natural way. There are several scientific and practical motivations for developing sociable robots as platform of researches, education and entertainment. However, although several sociable robots have already been developed with success, much work remains to increase their effectiveness. The use of a robotic architecture may strongly reduce the time and effort required to construct a sociable robot. Such robotic architecture must have structures and mechanisms to allow social interaction, behavior control and learning from environment. Such architecture must also have structures and mechanisms to allow perception and attention, to enable a sociable robot to perceive the richness of the human behavior and of the environment, and to learn from social interactions. Learning processes evidenced on Behavior Analysis can led to the development of promising methods and structures for the construction social robots that are able to learn through interaction from the environment and to exhibit appropriate social behavior. The purpose of this work is the development of a robotic architecture inspired from Behavior Analysis. The developed architecture is able to simulate operant behavior learning and the proposed methods and structures allow the control and exhibition of appropriate social behavior and learning from interaction in the environment. The proposed architecture was evaluated in the context of a non trivial real problem: the learning of the shared attention. The obtained results show that the architecture is able to exhibit appropriate behaviors during a real and controlled social interaction. Additionally, the results show also that the architecture can learn from a social interaction. This work is the basis for developing a tool for the construction of social robots. The obtained results open oportunities of many future works

Robôs sociáveis devem ser capazes de interagir, se comunicar, compreender e se relacionar com os seres humanos de uma forma natural. Existem diversas motivações práticas e científicas para o desenvolvimento de robôs sociáveis como plataforma de pesquisas, educação e entretenimento. Entretanto, embora diversos robôs sociáveis já tenham sido desenvolvidos com sucesso, ainda existe muito trabalho para aprimorar a sua eficácia. A utilização de uma arquitetura robótica pode reduzir fortemente o esforço requerido para o desenvolvimento de um robô sociável. Tal arquitetura robótica deve possuir estruturas e mecanismos para permitir a interação social, o controle do comportamento e o aprendizagem a partir do ambiente. Tal arquitetura deve ainda possuir estruturas e mecanismos para permitir a percepção e a atenção, a fim de permitir que um robô sociável perceba a riqueza do comportamento humano e do meio ambiente, e para aprender a partir de interações sociais. Os processos de aprendizado evidenciados na Análise do Comportamento podem levar ao desenvolvimento de métodos e estruturas promissoras para a construção de robôs sociáveis capazes de aprender por meio da interação com o meio ambiente e de exibir comportamento social apropriado. O proposito deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de uma arquitetura robótica inspirada na Análise do Comportamento. A arquitetura desenvolvida é capaz de simular o aprendizado do comportamento operante e os métodos e estruturas propostos permitem o controlo e a exibição de comportamentos sociais apropriados e o aprendizado a partir da interação com o meio ambiente. A arquitetura proposta foi avaliada no contexto de um problema real não trivial: o aprendizado da atenção compartilhada. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a arquitetura é capaz de exibir comportamentos apropriados durante uma interação social real e controlada. Ainda, os resultados mostram também que a arquitetura pode aprender a partir de uma interação social. Este trabalho é a base para o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta para a construção dos robôs sociáveis. Os resultados obtidos abrem muitas oportunidades de trabalhos futuros / Sociable robots should be able to interact, to communicate, to understand and to relate with human beings in a natural way. There are several scientific and practical motivations for developing sociable robots as platform of researches, education and entertainment. However, although several sociable robots have already been developed with success, much work remains to increase their effectiveness. The use of a robotic architecture may strongly reduce the time and effort required to construct a sociable robot. Such robotic architecture must have structures and mechanisms to allow social interaction, behavior control and learning from environment. Such architecture must also have structures and mechanisms to allow perception and attention, to enable a sociable robot to perceive the richness of the human behavior and of the environment, and to learn from social interactions. Learning processes evidenced on Behavior Analysis can led to the development of promising methods and structures for the construction social robots that are able to learn through interaction from the environment and to exhibit appropriate social behavior. The purpose of this work is the development of a robotic architecture inspired from Behavior Analysis. The developed architecture is able to simulate operant behavior learning and the proposed methods and structures allow the control and exhibition of appropriate social behavior and learning from interaction in the environment. The proposed architecture was evaluated in the context of a non trivial real problem: the learning of the shared attention. The obtained results show that the architecture is able to exhibit appropriate behaviors during a real and controlled social interaction. Additionally, the results show also that the architecture can learn from a social interaction. This work is the basis for developing a tool for the construction of social robots. The obtained results open oportunities of many future works

Dans les territoires irrigués exposés aux crises de gestion quantitative de l’eau, la sévérité des étiages dépend des interactions entre systèmes de culture, situations pédoclimatiques, hydrologie, lâchers d’eau et restriction d’irrigation. Dans de nombreuses situations, l’absence de nouvelles solutions de stockage et les tensions entre gestionnaires et usagers de l’eau rendent nécessaire la planification des étiages. Mes travaux explorent le potentiel de « la gestion spatiale » de l’eau pour mettre en adéquation la dynamique des prélèvements pour l’irrigation avec celle de l’offre en eau disponible (naturelle et stockée). Je propose une méthodologie participative de conception-évaluation d’organisations territoriales des activités agricoles, déployée sur l’aval du bassin versant de l’Aveyron (800 km²), en trois étapes: (1) modéliser le système socio-agro-hydrologique, (2) concevoir des alternatives de distribution spatiale des systèmes de culture, (3) conduire une évaluation intégrée des alternatives face à la variabilité climatique observée. Ces travaux combinent des méthodes, connaissances et outils « hard and soft », et font usage de la plateforme de simulation multi-agent MAELIA. Le processus a permis de formaliser des visions d’acteurs et de poser les bases d’une concertation multi acteur. Cependant la simulation des impacts de ces alternatives a montré leurs limites pour régler le problème de déficit structurel en eau. Cette démarche pourrait être prolongée pour aboutir à des propositions opérationnelles. / In irrigated landscapes exposed to quantitative water management crisis, the intensity of low flows depends on interactions between cropping systems, pedoclimatic situation hydrology, water releases and withdrawal restrictions. In many situations there are no opportunities for more water storage, thus tensions occur between water managers and users, which makes the planning of water demand dynamics necessary. My work explores the potentials in the “spatial management of water” to align the water demand dynamics with natural and stored water availability. I present a 3 step, participatory method to design and assess agricultural landscapes: (1) model the Social-Agro Hydrological system, (2) design alternative spatial distribution of the cropping systems, (3) carry an integrated assessment of those alternatives based on observed climatic variability. This method combines “hard” and “soft” methods, knowledge and tools, and uses the MAELIA multi-agent simulation platform. I tested the method tested in the downstream area of the Aveyron River (800 km² Southwestern France). It allowed to formalize the actors’ visions on alternative distributions of the cropping systems. However they showed to be limited in solving the water deficit issue. The method could be continued to reach operational proposals.