En partant d’une synthèse sur les relations entre l’évolution de langue, la culture et la traduction, la thèse vise à établir une recherche à propos des effets d’influence de la culture d’arrivée sur le choix des stratégies de traduction. Sélectionnés en vue d’une fonction contrastive, trois sujets d’échanges culturels sont discutés dans la thèse. Les études nominales et culturelles de style comparatif sur les trois sujets d’intérêt acheminent ultérieurement la thèse vers les analyses sur les méthodes de la traduction sous influences d’idéologie culturelle. / Begin with a synthesis on the relations between the evolution of language, the culture and the translation, this thesis aims to establish a recherche regarding the effects of the target culture in influencing the choice of translation strategies. Selected for a contrastive purpose, three topics of cultural exchanges are discussed in the thesis. The nominal and cultural studies of the three topics from a comparative view then paved the path of the thesis towards the analysis with reference to the methods of translation under the influence of cultural ideology.

International Development and its aims are often contested in post-colonial discourses and by postcolonial thinkers. The fundamental concepts of development, as we see in the sector of aid and international development, steer the values, execution and evaluation of development projects across the globe, as well as national development policy. While international development theory has gone through several frameworks, the concepts that underpin ideas of development have remained the same. Economic growth and political liberalism dominate development priorities, from national to grassroots efforts, while shifts in development theory like the capability approach or well-being index are treated as an appendage, or secondary to the overall goals of economic growth.While development practice continues to focus on economic growth and battles with how to marry this with eradicating environmental and human suffering, art and culture provide a paradigm shift that gives us access to ways of being, relating and knowing that step outside of the extractive dimension. This research investigates how artists in the city of Baguio, Philippines have contributed to the development of the area, and what main concepts of progress they have promoted. Through these insights a new approach to culture and development is aimed to be conceived.

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo mostrar que o teatro é uma eficiente forma de auto-representação assim como uma poderosa arma para a subversão de valores impostos pela sociedade hegemônica. Quando consideramos o teatro Contemporâneo, principalmente aquele produzido pelos então chamados grupos de minorias, podemos encontrar vários autores que fazem de suas obras um protesto contra a opressão, a violência e a discriminação impostas pelo excludente discurso colonial. Um exemplo disso é a obra A Raisin in the Sun da autora afro-americana Lorraine Hansberry. A autora nos mostra que o teatro pode representar uma possibilidade para que os grupos historicamente excluídos tragam a público a situação de opressão vivenciada, protestando contra ela e subvertendo o discurso hegemônico que tende a valorizar apenas obras pertencentes ao cânone. Podemos perceber que na contemporaneidade muitas histórias tidas por muito tempo como marginais ou ainda ex-cêntricas, como a dos afro-americanos, por exemplo, passaram a ser conhecidas através de produções transgressoras e subversivas que surgiram na tentativa de expressão do self e vieram a dar voz a grupos que até então eram excluídos, ou como Hutcheon os denominou, marginalizados, vindo então a reescrever suas histórias. Após considerações iniciais relacionadas à teoria do teatro, pretendemos ressaltar através da peça A Raisin in the Sun alguns desafios que o Outro encontra na busca por sua identidade e por melhores oportunidades prometidas pelo Sonho Americano. Pretendemos também ressaltar alguns desafios apresentados por tal obra ao longo de um possível processo de tradução visto que esta possui muitas marcas culturais. Por fim, discutiremos alguns desses desafios a serem encarados pela Tradução Intercultural na peça A Raisin in the Sun / The aim of this dissertation is to show that theater is an effective way of selfrepresentation as well as a powerful weapon used in order to subvert hegemonic values. When considering contemporary drama, mainly the one produced by the so-called minority groups, it is possible to find several authors who made of their works site for protest against oppression, violence and discrimination imposed by the excluding colonial discourse. One clear example of such a work is the play A Raisin in the Sun written by the African-American writer Lorraine Hansberry. The author shows that theater can represent a possibility for the historically excluded groups to bring into public awareness the situation of oppression lived by their community, protesting against it and subverting the hegemonic discourse which tends to value just canonical works and stories. In contemporary times, many stories/histories taken for a long time as marginal or ex-centric, such as the African-Americans for example, became known through transgressive and subverting productions that came out as an attempt to express the self, giving voice to groups so far excluded - or as Hutcheon referred to them, marginalized - rewriting their stories/histories. After some initial considerations related to the theory of drama, we intend to highlight some of the challenges that the Other faces while searching for his/her identity and better opportunities promised by the American Dream in the play A Raisin in the Sun. We also intend to present some of the challenges presented by such work during the translation process due to its strong cultural peculiarities. Besides, we intend to discuss some of these challenges to be faced by Intercultural Translation in A Raisin in the Sun

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo mostrar que o teatro é uma eficiente forma de auto-representação assim como uma poderosa arma para a subversão de valores impostos pela sociedade hegemônica. Quando consideramos o teatro Contemporâneo, principalmente aquele produzido pelos então chamados grupos de minorias, podemos encontrar vários autores que fazem de suas obras um protesto contra a opressão, a violência e a discriminação impostas pelo excludente discurso colonial. Um exemplo disso é a obra A Raisin in the Sun da autora afro-americana Lorraine Hansberry. A autora nos mostra que o teatro pode representar uma possibilidade para que os grupos historicamente excluídos tragam a público a situação de opressão vivenciada, protestando contra ela e subvertendo o discurso hegemônico que tende a valorizar apenas obras pertencentes ao cânone. Podemos perceber que na contemporaneidade muitas histórias tidas por muito tempo como marginais ou ainda ex-cêntricas, como a dos afro-americanos, por exemplo, passaram a ser conhecidas através de produções transgressoras e subversivas que surgiram na tentativa de expressão do self e vieram a dar voz a grupos que até então eram excluídos, ou como Hutcheon os denominou, marginalizados, vindo então a reescrever suas histórias. Após considerações iniciais relacionadas à teoria do teatro, pretendemos ressaltar através da peça A Raisin in the Sun alguns desafios que o Outro encontra na busca por sua identidade e por melhores oportunidades prometidas pelo Sonho Americano. Pretendemos também ressaltar alguns desafios apresentados por tal obra ao longo de um possível processo de tradução visto que esta possui muitas marcas culturais. Por fim, discutiremos alguns desses desafios a serem encarados pela Tradução Intercultural na peça A Raisin in the Sun / The aim of this dissertation is to show that theater is an effective way of selfrepresentation as well as a powerful weapon used in order to subvert hegemonic values. When considering contemporary drama, mainly the one produced by the so-called minority groups, it is possible to find several authors who made of their works site for protest against oppression, violence and discrimination imposed by the excluding colonial discourse. One clear example of such a work is the play A Raisin in the Sun written by the African-American writer Lorraine Hansberry. The author shows that theater can represent a possibility for the historically excluded groups to bring into public awareness the situation of oppression lived by their community, protesting against it and subverting the hegemonic discourse which tends to value just canonical works and stories. In contemporary times, many stories/histories taken for a long time as marginal or ex-centric, such as the African-Americans for example, became known through transgressive and subverting productions that came out as an attempt to express the self, giving voice to groups so far excluded - or as Hutcheon referred to them, marginalized - rewriting their stories/histories. After some initial considerations related to the theory of drama, we intend to highlight some of the challenges that the Other faces while searching for his/her identity and better opportunities promised by the American Dream in the play A Raisin in the Sun. We also intend to present some of the challenges presented by such work during the translation process due to its strong cultural peculiarities. Besides, we intend to discuss some of these challenges to be faced by Intercultural Translation in A Raisin in the Sun

Основной целью межкультурного перевода является содействие межкультурной коммуникации, то есть задача переводчика – познакомить носителей одной культуры с другой. В соответствии с этой целью переводчик должен соответствующим образом относиться к культурным элементам переводимого текста. В процессе перевода переводчики часто сталкиваются с проблемой лакун. Лакуна – это лингвистический или культурный факт, который имеет место в одной культуре, но отсутствует в другом языке или другой культуре. Актуальность исследования заключается в поиске решения феномена лакун в китайско-российской межкультурной коммуникации. В первой главе были объяснены понятия культуры, межкультурной коммуникации и перевода через обобщение и сравнение трактовок европейских и китайских исследователей. Во второй главе были проанализированы различия значений обыденных и символических реалий в России и Китае (религиозная символика и фразеология, цветовое восприятие, сфера питания, реклама, деловая переписка и др). В третьей главе были классифицированы основные проблемы перевода и межкультурной коммуникации, а также даны рекомендации по их устранению. / The main purpose of intercultural translation is to facilitate intercultural communication, i.e. the translator's task is to introduce native speakers of one culture to another. In line with this goal, the translator must treat the cultural elements of the text being translated accordingly. Translators are often confronted with the problem of cultural gaps in the translation process. A cultural gap is a linguistic or cultural fact that takes place in one culture but does not find a corresponding language or culture in the other culture.The relevance of the research is to find a solution to the phenomenon of cultural gaps in Sino-Russian intercultural materials in the light of naturalisation and legitimation theories. Based on these principles, specific approaches to dealing with cultural deficits are proposed. The first chapter explained the concepts of culture, intercultural communication and translation by summarising and comparing the interpretations of European and Chinese researchers. The second chapter analysed the differences in the meanings of everyday and symbolic realities in Russia and China (religious symbolism and phraseology, colour perception, food, advertising, business correspondence, etc.). In the third chapter, the main problems of translation and intercultural communication were classified and recommendations for their elimination were given.