Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1992. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2008. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, 1992. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted.

Aroma is one of the most important attributes involved in wine quality. Current trend in winemaking consists of producing wines with different aroma nuances to offer variety of wines to a developing market. Several studies have demonstrated that low temperature fermentations favours aroma synthesis and retention. In this background, new wine yeasts able to perform fermentation at low temperatures improving wine aroma while maintaining good fermentation rates are necessary. This doctoral thesis explores the oenological traits of different Saccharomyces species and hybrids relevant for present-day wine industry, especially regarding aroma production, as well as the molecular bases underneath. This exploration has been possible using different biochemical, analytical chemistry and molecular techniques to perform enzymatic activity detection, aroma profile determination and transcriptome analysis in wine fermentations. Through this doctoral thesis the abilities of different Saccharomyces species and hybrids regarding primary aroma release and secondary aroma production, especially at low temperatures, has been elucidated in order to know the different possibilities that these yeasts offer to create new wines with different aromatic nuances. One of the general conclusions of this doctoral thesis is that production and release of aromas in winemaking depends on the strain carrying out the fermentation process. Nevertheless, sometimes there was a species tendency. On the other hand, the fact that fermentation temperature affects aroma synthesis but not always in the direction to aroma increase has been demonstrated. / Gamero Lluna, A. (2011). Study of the production and release of aromas during winemaking carried out by different Saccharomyces species and hybrids [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/10741 / Palancia

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Environmental awareness, production costs and operating expenses have provided a large incentive for the investigation of novel and more efficient fluid power technologies for decades. In the earth-moving sector, hydraulic hybrids have emerged as a highly efficient and affordable choice for the next generation hydraulic systems. Displacementcontrolled (DC) actuation has demonstrated that, when coupled with hydraulic hybrids, the engine power can be downsized by up to 50% leading to substantial savings. This concept has been realized by the authors‘ group on an excavator prototype where a secondary-controlled hydraulic hybrid drive was implemented on the swing. Actuatorlevel controls have been formulated by the authors‘ group but the challenge remains to effectively manage the system on the supervisory-level. In this paper, a power management controller is proposed to minimize fuel consumption while taking into account performance. The algorithm, a feedforward and cost-function combination considers operator commands, the DC actuators‘ power consumption and the power available from the engine and hydraulic hybrid as metrics. The developed strategy brings the technology closer to the predicted savings while achieving superior operability.

Self-assembly of colloidal microparticles is one of the strategies for making characteristic patterns. These versatile self-assemblies provide a route to elevate the efficiency of an electronic device. Silsesquioxane particles with various functionalities were synthesized by a modified Stöber condensation method. This thesis describes the synthesis of benzylchloride silsesquioxanes, benzylchloride-amine silsesquioxanes and amine-functionalized silsesquioxane particles with multi-fluorescent tags. The size and morphology of the particles were controlled by varying the concentration of base and anhydrous ethanol (solvent). The size distribution of particles was controlled by adjusting the molar ratios of organotrialkoxy silane, base, and ethanol concentrations. Through selective post-functionalization with fused arenes of anthracene and rhodamine, multifluorescent particles were obtained. Morphologies and optical properties of particles were characterized by TEM, SEM, fluorescence optical microscopy, and absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. The composition of silsesquioxanes was confirmed by FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis, and elemental analysis. A versatile technique was developed for the self-assembly of particles on different polymer substrates by changing the colloidal suspension concentration and the polymer substrate.

Abstract Layered inorganic-organic hybrid compounds have been widely studied as new potential sources of semiconductors and other optical devices. They simulate natural quantum well materials, where the inorganic part acts as semiconductors, separated by an organic part. This class of hybrid materials has no covalent bonds between the inorganic and organic parts; instead, weak hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces bind and stabilise the overall structure. The inorganic part is made up of layers of corner-sharing metal halide octahedra, MX6, where the metal must be in a divalent state and the halides are Cl, Br or I. The 2-D layers extend infinitely in two directions and are separated themselves by layers of primary ammonium cations, with only one ammonium group at one end of the chain, [(R-NH3)2MX4], or two ammonium groups at either of the chain, [(H3N-R-NH3)MX4]. Due to its similarity to the cubic perovskite structure, this inorganic motif is referred to as "layered perovskite-type". Depending on the choice of the organic ammonium cation, the materials can display phase transitions and / or have optical and electronic properties. Various investigations of inorganic-organic hybrids have concentrated on the phase transitions of the hybrids of general formula [(CnH2n+1NH3)2MX4] and [(NH3CnH2nNH3)MX4] (n = 1-18; X = Cl, Br, I; M = Cu2+, Mn2+, Cd2+) to elucidate their mechanism. There are two types of displasive transitions, a minor one were small conformational changes within the alkylammonium chain occurs, and a major one, when the entire alkylammonium chain becomes disordered along its long axis. The interlayer spacing between the inorganic layers increases with temperature and during the major phase transition. The methods used to identify the temperatures and the enthalpies of the phase transitions are Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC); and Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction (SC-XRD) as well as Powder X-Ray Diffraction (P-XRD) to follow the structural changes. In contrast, only a few reports on investigations of the lead iodide hybrids, [(CnH2n+1NH3)2PbI4] were found in the literature, with only two single crystal structures previously reported. Due to the difficulty in growing good quality crystals, the previous studies on the lead iodide hybrids have been only researched using DSC and P-XRD. The phase transition behaviour has been found to show the same trends as the previous hybrids. The primary aim of this study was to follow the same phase transitions via SC-XRD, ideally single-crystal to single-crystal, and to determine the detailed structural changes with the hopes of elucidating their detailed phase transition mechanism. A secondary aim was to synthesize as many inorganic-organic hybrids as possible using a variety of primary ammonium cations to find different inorganic motifs apart from the layered perovskite-type. Other inorganic motifs can have purely corner-, edge or face-sharing octahedra or combinations thereof to give 2-D net-type networks or 1-D extended chains. The effect that the identity of the ammonium cation has on the type of inorganic motif and the effect on the detailed structural geometry within the inorganic motif are investigated. Examples of structural geometries within the layered perovskite-type inorganic motif that can differ from compound to compound are the relative positions of the inorganic and organic moieties; the N---H….X hydrogen bonding geometry between the halides and the ammonium group; and the relative positions of successive inorganic layers.

Hybrides nano /micrométriques de nanotubes de carbone (NTC) greffés sur microparticules d’alumina, microplaques de SiC ou nanoplaquettes de graphène (NPG) ont été utilisés comme renforts multifonctionnelles dans les composites à matrice polymère. Le NTCs utilisés étaient généralement sous forme de six branches symétriques et orthogonales sur microparticules sphériques d'Al2O3, mais d'une ou deux branches alignées verticalement sur les deux côtés de microplaques de SiC et de NPG. L’introduction des structures hybrides dans une matrice époxy permet d’améliorer la dispersion des NTC et l'interaction interfaciale entre les renforts et la matrice. Les propriétés mécaniques des composites ont été fortement améliorées avec une faible concentration de hybrides. La résistance électrique in situ des composites a atteint d’abord à sa valeur maximale et puis diminue avec la présence d'une déformation irréversible. Ce phénomène observé est complètement différent par rapport à ce des composites renforcé par NTC, c’est-à-dire, une augmentation monotone de la résistance jusqu'à leur rupture final. Les propriétés mécaniques et les comportements de self-sensing des composites dependent fortement de l'élancement de NTC de leur organisation et aussi des substrats. L'introduction des hybrides dans les composites renforcés par des fibres longues (verre) a démontré un grand potentiel pour développer des composites multi-échelles. Les études réalisées sur la matrice époxy renforcée par les hybrides bien dispersés avec une faible fraction ont montré des améliorations importantes des propriétés de flexion à 3 points et des propriétés thermo-mécaniques. Les réseaux conducteurs formés par hybrides nano/micrométriques permettent de suivre in situ l'évolution de l’état de dégradation des composites à matrice époxy renforcés par des tissus de verre sous contrainte appliquée. / Nano/micro multiscale hybrids with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown on the Al2O3 microparticles, SiC microplates or graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) could serve as multifunctional reinforcements in the composites. The CNTs generally form into symmetric six-orthogonal branches on the spherical Al2O3, but vertically align on the flat surfaces of the SiC and GNP. The introduction of hybrids into the epoxy matrix endows uniform dispersion of CNTs as well as improved interfacial interaction between the reinforcements and matrix. Significantly enhanced mechanical properties of the composites were achieved at low hybrid concentration. The in situ electrical resistance of the composites initially increases to its maximum value and then begins to decrease with the appearance of irreversible deformation, which is different from the pristine CNTs filled composites only with monotonic increase of the resistance until their catastrophic fracture. The mechanical and self-sensing behaviors of the composites are found to be highly dependent on CNT aspect ratio, organization and the substrates. Besides, the introduction of hybrids into the traditional fiber-reinforced composites shows great promise in development of the high-performance multiscale composites. The epoxy matrix is toughed by the well dispersed hybrids at low fraction, resulting in improved flexural and thermomechancial properties. Besides, the conductive networks provided by the hybrids could be utilized as in situ damage sensors to monitor the damage evolution in the glass fabric/epoxy composite laminates under tensile loading.