Orientador: José Francisco Lopes Filho / Banca: Silene Bruder Silveira Sarmento / Banca: Elizeu Trabuco / Resumo: Na moagem úmida obtêm-se frações do milho relativamente puras: germe, amido, fibra e glúten. A etapa mais importante do processo é a maceração, que consiste da imersão dos grãos em solução de ácido lático e dióxido de enxofre (SO2), à temperatura e pH controlados. As concentrações de ácido lático adicionado ou produzido durante a maceração e SO2 adicionado, pH e temperatura da solução de maceração afetam diretamente o rendimento da moagem e podem ser variados e combinados para melhores resultados. Além das condições do processo, o tipo de grão e suas características físico-químicas influenciam no rendimento e qualidade dos subprodutos da moagem. Um problema comum no Brasil é o pré-julgamento dos grãos pela aparência, muitas vezes realizado sem critérios técnicos, causando a rejeição indevida do produto pelas indústrias moageiras. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar físicoquimicamente, quatro híbridos e estudar a influência do tipo de grão nos rendimentos dos subprodutos da moagem úmida. Duas concentrações de ácido lático na solução de maceração também foram testadas: 0,55 e 1,00 %. Os híbridos de milho foram desenvolvidos pelo Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC) e produzidos na região Sudoeste do estado de São Paulo. Os híbridos foram: Dow2b587 (aparência "dentada" ou "mole"), Somma (aparência vítrea, dura) e A2555 e 30F98, ambos com dureza aparentemente intermediária. As propriedades físicas analisadas foram o tamanho dos grãos, esfericidade, diâmetro geométrico, massa de cem grãos, porosidade, porcentagem de grãos boiantes e peso volumétrico. Por meio de análises de composição centesimal, determinou-se a constituição química dos grãos. Testes de moagem úmida foram realizados para cada tipo de milho, os quais foram macerados em duas concentrações de ácido lático. As características...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In corn wet milling it is obtained grain fractions relatively pure: germ, starch, fiber, and gluten. Steeping is the most important step of the process which consists in soaking the kernels in sulfurous acid solution at controlled temperature and pH. The concentrations of lactic acid produced during steeping and sulfur dioxide (SO2) added, as well, as pH and temperature, affect the milling yields and can be changed and combined to reach better results. Besides process conditions, grain type and its physico-chemical characteristics also influence milling products yields and quality. A common problem in Brazil is the prejudgment of the grains by their aspect, sometimes without technical criterions, causing the rejection of the product by milling industries. The objective of this work was to characterize physically and chemically four new corn hybrids and to study the influence of each grain type in the products yields of the wet milling. Two lactic acid concentrations in the steeping solution were also tested: 0.5 and 1.0%. The corn hybrids were developed by Agronomic Institute of Campinas (IAC) and produced in the northwest region of São Paulo state. The hybrids were the Dow2b587 (dented and soft appearance), the Somma (vitreous and hard appearance), A2555 and 30F98, both with intermediate hardness appearance. The physical properties determined were grain size, sphericity, geometric diameter, 100 grains mass, porosity, percentage of floating kernels, and volumetric weigh. Through centesimal composition analyses it was determined the chemical constitution of the corns. Wet milling tests were performed for each hybrid steeped in two lactic acid concentrations solutions. All characteristics of the grains presented similar values to the literature. Some results were statistically different ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by RUBEN FELIPE ARTURO OBLITAS TORRICO null (ro1485@my.bristol.ac.uk) on 2016-06-08T13:51:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 2188934 bytes, checksum: 633201227bb5f6a322e3d0dec8645d34 (MD5) / Rejected by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: No campo “Versão a ser disponibilizada online imediatamente” foi informado que seria disponibilizado o texto completo porém no campo “Data para a disponibilização do texto completo” foi informado que o texto completo deverá ser disponibilizado apenas 24 meses após a defesa. Caso opte pela disponibilização do texto completo apenas 24 meses após a defesa selecione no campo “Versão a ser disponibilizada online imediatamente” a opção “Texto parcial”. Esta opção é utilizada caso você tenha planos de publicar seu trabalho em periódicos científicos ou em formato de livro, por exemplo e fará com que apenas as páginas pré-textuais, introdução, considerações e referências sejam disponibilizadas. Se optar por disponibilizar o texto completo de seu trabalho imediatamente selecione no campo “Data para a disponibilização do texto completo” a opção “Não se aplica (texto completo)”. Isso fará com que seu trabalho seja disponibilizado na íntegra no Repositório Institucional UNESP. Por favor, corrija esta informação realizando uma nova submissão. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2016-06-09T16:17:55Z (GMT) / Submitted by RUBEN FELIPE ARTURO OBLITAS TORRICO null (ro1485@my.bristol.ac.uk) on 2016-06-09T16:57:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 2188934 bytes, checksum: 633201227bb5f6a322e3d0dec8645d34 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-06-13T20:07:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 torrico_rfo_me_araiq_par.pdf: 757530 bytes, checksum: 9e239d69620a743d05fb3a39c914d9bc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T20:07:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 torrico_rfo_me_araiq_par.pdf: 757530 bytes, checksum: 9e239d69620a743d05fb3a39c914d9bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-15 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Este projeto visa a investigar a relação entre a estrutura e as propriedades dos materiais epoxi-silica preparados pelo método sol-gel. Os híbridos foram preparados pela reação de cura entre o poly(Bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin) (DGBEA) , e o dietil triamina (DETA) assim como pelo processo Sol-Gel de hidrolise e condensação entre GPTMS (3-Glycidoxypropyl)methyldiethoxysilane) e TEOS. Ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN), espectroscopia de fotoelétrons de raios X (XPS), espalhamento de raios X a baixo ângulo (SAXS), espectroscopia de Infravermelho e RAMAN, microscopia de força atômica (AFM) assim como termogravimétria foram utilizadas com o proposito de investigar a morfologia e as propriedades estruturais do material. Finalmente as propriedades anticorrosivas dos filmes foram testadas em uma solução salina por meio de espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIS). Durante a fase inicial do projeto diferentes amostras com diferentes concentrações de TEOS foram preparadas. A estabilidade térmica como as propriedades anticorrosivas foram testadas. Os resultados mostraram que para maiores concentrações de TEOS, as propriedades anticorrosivas e térmicas dos híbridos melhoram significativamente. Vários resultados interessantes foram obtidos, para híbridos com razoes molares de TEOS : GPTMS : DGBEA = 1 : 1: 1, tendo módulos de impedância de até 1010 Ω cm-2. Durante a segunda fase do projeto, duas series de amostras com concentrações diferentes de GPTMS a TEOS foram preparadas. As propriedades estruturais foram obtidas por meio de Espectroscopia Infravermelho, Raman, RMN e XPS e espalhamento de raios X a baixo ângulo. A hidrofobicidade assim como as propriedades térmicas foram avaliadas por meio de testes de molhabilidade e análise termogravimétrica. Finalmente as propriedades anticorrosivas dos filmes em contato com solução salina foram testadas por meio de espectroscopia de impedância electroquímica. / This work aims to investigate the relationship between the structure and the properties of the sol-gel prepared epoxy-silica materials. The organic-inorganic hybrids were prepared from the curing reaction of poly(Bisphenol A-co-epichlorohydrin) (DGBEA), with Diethyltriamine (DETA) and (3-Glycidoxypropyl)methyltriethoxysilane) (GPTMS) combined with the sol-gel hydrolysis and condensation reactions between Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and GPTMS. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Infrared and Raman spectroscopy (IR), Atomic force microscopy, as well as thermogravimetry (TG) have been used with the purpose to investigate the morphological and structural properties of the material. Finally the anticorrosive properties of the hybrid coated carbon steel were evaluated in saline solution using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). During the initial phase of the project different samples with increasing concentrations of TEOS have been prepared and their thermal stability as well as their anticorrosive properties were tested. It was found, that for increasing TEOS concentration, the hybrid’s anticorrosive and thermal properties can be improved. Several interesting results were obtained for hybrid coatings at a TEOS : GPTMS : DGBEA = 1 : 1 : 1 ratio, having an impedance modulus of up to 1010 Ω cm-2. During the second phase of the work, a series of epoxy-silica hybrids were synthetized varying the concentrations of GPTMS and TEOS. Their structural properties were characterized by means of Infrared, Raman, solid NMR and XPS spectroscopy. Their hydrophobicity as well as their thermal resistance were evaluated using the drop shape analysis and thermogravimetry. Finally the anticorrosive properties of the coatings in saline solution were tested using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

Orientador: Maria Lucia Caetano Pinto da Silva / Coorientador: Herman Jacobus Cornelis Voorwald / Banca: Luiz Fernando Figueiredo Faria / Banca: Edson Cochieri Botelho / Banca: André Aguiar Mendes / Banca: Walter de Carvalho / Resumo: Atualmente, a necessidade de desenvolver e comercializar materiais baseados em constituintes de fibras vegetais tem crescido, devido à conscientização com relação a questões relacionadas ao impacto ambiental e ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Grandes quantidades de materiais lignocelulósicos são gerados em todo o mundo a partir de diversas atividades humanas. Pensando no aproveitamento do excedente do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, esse trabalho tem como objetivo a obtenção da celulose branqueada a partir do bagaço do mesmo. Para essa aplicação, os componentes macromoleculares do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar foram separados, aplicando prétratamento químico para retirada da parte hemicelulósica e um tratamento com hidróxido de sódio para separação da lignina e obtenção da polpa bruta de celulose. Essa polpa bruta de celulose foi branqueada com clorito de sódio. Assim, pretendeu-se preparar híbridos utilizando derivados de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar: celulose branqueada (CB) e celulose não branqueada (CNB) com fosfato de nióbio hidratado. Para preparação do híbrido com o NbOPO4.nH2O estudou-se uma nova rota de preparação do fosfato de nióbio hidratado com adição de ácido bórico, o qual reduziu o tempo de síntese; formando-se um complexo com os íons fluoreto presentes no sistema e a esta solução foi adicionada ácido fosfórico, permitindo a geração de um precipitado que se formou após 6 horas de reação. A parti do desenvolvimento desse método preparou-se os híbridos utilizando a CB e CNB em diferentes proporções. Os híbridos foram preparados em diferentes proporções denominados de síntese A (5 g CB/ 5 g NbOPO4.nH2O), síntese B (5 g CB/ 3 g NbOPO4.nH2O) e síntese C (5 g CB/ 1 g NbOPO4.nH2O). A fim de verificar a influência do ácido fosfórico na preparação do híbrido, foram... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Currently, the need to develop and market materials based on constituents of natural fibers has grown due to increased awareness on issues related to environmental and sustainable development. Large quantities of lignocellulosic materials are generated worldwide from human activities. Thinking about the use for surplus bagasse of sugarcane, this work aims at obtaining the bleached pulp from bagasse the same. For this application, the macromolecular components of sugarcane bagasse were separated by applying chemical pretreatment for removal of hemicellulose and part of a treatment with sodium hydroxide to obtain separation of lignin and obtaining of crude cellulose. This pulp were bleached crude cellulose with sodium chlorite. Thus, we intended to prepare using hybrids derived from sugar cane bagasse: bleached cellulose (CB) and unbleached cellulose (CNB) with hydrated niobium phosphate. To prepare the hybrid with NbOPO4.nH2O studied whether a new route for the preparation of hydrated niobium phosphate with addition of boric acid, which reduced the synthesis time, forms a complex with fluoride ions present in the system and this solution added phosphoric acid was added, allowing the generation of a precipitate formed after 6 hours of reaction. From the development hybrids prepared using the CB and CNB in different proportions. The hybrids were prepared in different proportions called; synthesis A (5 g CB /5 g NbOPO4.nH2O), synthesis B (CB 5 g / 3 g NbOPO4.nH2O) and synthesis C (CB 5 g / 1 g NbOPO4.nH2O). In order to verify the influence of phosphoric acid in the preparation of the hybrid, were also prepared hybrid called: synthesis D (5 g CB / 5 g NbOPO4.nH2O) and synthesis E (5 g CB / 3 g NbOPO4.nH2O) and synthesis F (5 g CB / NbOPO4.nH2O 1 g) using twice the amount of phosphoric acid. All materials were characterized... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientadora: Leila Trevizan Braz / Banca: Arlete Marchi Tavares de Melo / Banca: Juliano Tadeu Vilela de Resende / Banca: Arthur Bernardes Cecílio Filho / Banca: José Carlos Barbosa / Resumo: Objetivou-se com este trabalho: a) estimar, mediante cruzamento dialélico, a capacidade geral e específica de combinação entre seis linhagens de melão; b) avaliar a ocorrência ou não de efeitos recíprocos; c) avaliar a heterose relativa; d) analisar os coeficientes de correlação fenotípica, genotípica e de ambiente, com a finalidade de determinar o grau de associação entre os caracteres. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em delinemanento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, cada qual com 38 parcelas, contendo uma única fileira de cinco plantas, com espaçamento entre si de 0,5 m e 1 m entre linhas. As plantas foram cultivadas em substrato de fibra da casca de coco, sendo a irrigação e adubação realizadas conjuntamente por fertirrigação. Foram avaliados: produção total, massa do fruto, diâmetro médio transversal e longitudinal do fruto, índice de formato de fruto, diâmetro médio transversal e longitudinal da cavidade, índice de formato da cavidade, espessura da polpa, espessura da casca, coloração da polpa, rendilhamento da casca, diâmetro médio da inserção do pedúnculo dos frutos, desprendimento de semente, cor do fundo da casca, período para colheita do primeiro fruto, concentração de colheita, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, RATIO, pH, vitamina C e firmeza da polpa. Realizou-se análise de variância para cada característica e comparação entre as médias pelo teste de Scott Knott ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Com base nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que os genótipos (híbridos) experimentais Jab 9 x Jab 20, Jab 20 x Jab 11, Jab 20 x Jab 3, Jab 11 x Jab 18, Jab 11 x Jab 20 mostraram os melhores desempenhos em relação aos demais genótipos experimentais e semelhantes aos híbridos comerciais. Em geral, os híbridos experimentais se mostraram superiores aos genitores quanto às características... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aims of this work were: a) to estimate by diallel cross the specific and general combining abilities among six melon lines; b) to determine the occurrence or not of reciprocal effects; c) to examine for relative heterosis; and d) to estimate the phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlation coefficients, in order to determine the degree of association between the characters. The experiment was conducted in protected cultivation, in randomized complete block design, with three repetitions, each with 38 parcels, containing a single row of five plants, with spacing between them of 0.5 m and 1 m between rows. The plants were grown in a substrate of coconut husk fiber, and irrigation and fertilizing ware carried out along with fertirrigation. The characteristics studied were: total yield, fruit weight, mean transverse and longitudinal diameters of fruit, shape index of fruit, mean transverse and longitudinal diameters of cavity, mean shape index of cavity, flesh thickness, skin thickness, flesh color, skin netting, mean diameter of the stem end, seed detachment, predominat fruit skin color, earliness, harvest concentration, soluble solids content, titratable acidity content, RATIO, pH, vitamin C, fruit firmness. Analysis of variance was performed for each characteristic and comparison of means was carried out by the Scott Knott test at the 5% levei of probability. 8ased on the results obtained, it is concluded that the experimental genotypes (hybrids) Jab 9 x Jab 20, Jab 20 x Jab 11, Jab 20 x Jab 3, Jab 11 x Jab 18, Jab 11 x Jab 20 showed the best performances in relation to other experimental genotypes, which were similar to that of commercial hybrids. In general, the experimental hybrids were found to be superior to the genitors with respect to production and quality characteristics. Non-additive genetic effects controlled production characteristics fruit fresh weight... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:01:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 kiihl_tam_dr_botfca.pdf: 250383 bytes, checksum: eb303930b02f0cf17bdb1805dbb03195 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP) / A mamona é uma oleaginosa de relevante importância econômica, apresentando inúmeras aplicações, inclusive como fonte energética. A produtividade média da mamona em bagas no Brasil tem sido muito baixa, cerca de 440 kgha-1, devido ao baixo nível tecnológico empregado pelos produtores e pela baixa oferta de cultivares selecionadas para alta produtividade de grãos, além da falta de híbridos para colheita mecanizada. O objetivo do trabalho foi obter novos híbridos de mamona e avaliar suas características agronômicas, principalmente relacionadas à produtividade e porte da planta para colheita mecanizada. Para obtenção dos híbridos foram utilizadas quatro linhas femininas e 72 linhagens masculinas. A avaliação dos híbridos foi dividida em dois experimentos, sendo o primeiro instalado em 21 de outubro de 2005 e o segundo em 07 de dezembro de 2005. Além desses híbridos foram avaliados como testemunha os híbridos comerciais Íris e Savana. Os experimentos foram conduzidos sob delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com 3 repetições. As parcelas experimentais foram constituídas de uma linha de 6 m, com espaçamento de 0,6 m entre plantas, 1,0 m entre linhas e área útil de 6m2. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análises de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste F e pelo teste de Scott-Knott a 1% de probabilidade, utilizandose o programa SISVAR v.4.2. As características avaliadas foram produtividade de grãos, altura de plantas, porcentagem de flores femininas no racemo primário, teor de óleo das 2 sementes, altura de inserção do racemo primário, número de internódios até o racemo primário, produtividade de grãos do racemo primário e massa de 100 grãos. Com base nas análises de variância foram observadas significâncias para todos os parâmetros avaliados, nos dois experimentos. No experimento 1, para... / Castor bean has assumed great importance as source of vegetable oil presenting several applications including energetic source. In Brazil castor bean grain yield has been very low, 440 kgha-1, and this fact may be explained by low technologies levels applied, absence of selected genotypes for high yield and the absence of hybrids for mechanized harvesting. The objective of this work was to obtaining castor bean new hybrids and to evaluate agronomic characteristics specially grain yield and plant height to mechanized harvesting. For obtaining the hybrids it was used four pistilates lines and 72 male lines. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the hybrids, the first experiment was set in October 21st/2005 and the second one in December 7th/2005. Beyond these hybrids it was evaluated commercial hybrids, Iris and Savana, as control. The experiments were conducted under randomized complete blocks experimental design with three replications. The experimental plots were constituted by one row with 6 m, space of 0,6m between plants and 1,0m between lines, comprehending 6m2 of total area. Results were submitted to variance analysis and means compared by F test and Scott-Knott test with 1% of probability through SISVAR Program, 4.2 version. The characteristics evaluated were yield of seeds, plant height, percentage of pistilate flowers, oil content of seeds, height of primary raceme insertion, number of internodes until primary raceme, yield of grains of primary raceme and mass of 100 grains. 4 Based on variance analysis it was observed that the mean squares were significant for al characteristics in both experiments. In experiment 1 a considerable number of hybrids were superior to the controls, for grain yield, and 28 and 30 hybrids were the most productive. No one of the control overcame the general average of grain yield. It was observed that... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

coordenadoria de aperfeiÃoamento de pessoal de ensino superior / A partir da soluÃÃo numÃrica das equaÃÃes de Ginzburg-Landau, estudamos o estado supercondutor de um filme fino supercondutor sob uma camada ferromagnÃtica, separados por um Ãxido isolante, na presenÃa de campo magnÃtico ou corrente elÃtrica aplicados. O ferromagneto considerado à organizado em uma sÃrie de domÃnios paralelos com magnetizaÃÃo oposta, perpendicular ao plano do ferromagneto, e suficientemente forte para induzir pares vÃrtice-antivÃrtice no supercondutor subjacente, quando na ausÃncia de campo magnÃtico aplicado. Pares vÃrtice-antivÃrtice se auto-organizam em um rico conjunto de configuraÃÃes, algumas das quais nÃo apresentam correspondÃncia com a periodicidade do filme ferromagnÃtico. A variedade das possÃveis configuraÃÃes à aumentada pela aplicaÃÃo de campo magnÃtico externo, caso em que vÃrtices adicionais podem diminuir a energia do sistema pela aniquilaÃÃo dos antivÃrtices, que estÃo sob os domÃnios negativos do ferromagneto, ou diminuindo sua prÃpria energia apÃs se posicionarem sob domÃnios positivos do ferromagneto. Como consequÃncia, o reodernamento de vÃrtices-antivÃrtices bem como a evoluÃÃo da energia do sistema sÃo nÃo-triviais em funÃÃo do aumento da intensidade do campo magnÃtico externo. Por fim, revelamos efeitos curiosos da corrente elÃtrica dc aplicada sobre as configuraÃÃes de pares vÃrtice- antivÃrtice, uma vez que a forÃa de Lorentz resultante tem direÃÃo oposta para vÃrtices e antivÃrtices, enquanto que a direÃÃo da corrente aplicada em relaÃÃo aos domÃnios ferromagnÃticos à de importÃncia crucial para a interaÃÃo das correntes e Meissner e aplicada, bem como a dinÃmica de vÃrtice-antivÃrtice resultante - ambas as quais estÃo refletidas na anisotropia da corrente crÃtica do sistema. / Using advanced Ginzburg-Landau simulations, we study the superconducting state of a thin super- conducting film under a ferromagnetic layer, separated by an insulating oxide, in applied external magnetic field and electric current. The taken uniaxial ferromagnet is organized into a series of parallel domains with alternating polarization of out-of-plane magnetization, sufficiently strong to induce vortex-antivortex pairs in the underlying superconductor in absence of other magnetic field. We show the organization of such vortex-antivortex matter into rich configurations, some of which are not matching the periodicity of the ferromagnetic film. The variety of possible configurations is enhanced by applied homogeneous magnetic field, where additional vortices in the superconductor may lower the energy of the system by either annihilating the present antivortices under negative ferromagnetic domains, or by lowering their own energy after positioning under positive ferromag- netic domains. As a consequence, both the vortex-antivortex reordering in increasing external field and the evolution of the energy of the system are highly nontrivial. Finally, we reveal the very inter- esting effects of applied dc electric current on the vortex-antivortex configurations, since resulting Lorentzian force has opposite direction for vortices and antivortices, while direction of the applied current with respect to ferromagnetic domains is of crucial importance for the interaction of the applied and the Meissner current, as well as the consequent vortex-antivortex dynamics - both of which are reflected in the anisotropic critical current of the system.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Horticulture, Forestry, and Recreation Resources / Dale J. Bremer / Steven J. Keeley / High temperature and drought may reduce quality in cool-season turfgrasses during summer in the transition zone. Texas bluegrass hybrids (HBG) are genetic crosses between native Texas bluegrass (Poa arachnifera Torr.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) (KBG) that resemble KBG but may have greater drought and heat resistance than other cool-season grasses. The objectives of four studies were to evaluate high temperature, drought, and lower mowing height effects on HBG compared with KBG ('Apollo') and tall fescue (Festuca arundincea Schreb.)(TF, 'Dynasty'), compare their rooting characteristics, and investigate their membrane lipid molecular species compositional differences. Under high temperature (35/25°C, 14h light/10h darkness), HBG ('Thermal Blue') had greater quality and gross photosynthesis (Pg), and lower electrolyte leakage than KBG and TF in a growth chamber study. The combination of high temperature and drought (60% ET replacement) caused rapid declines in quality, but HBG generally performed better. In field and greenhouse studies, TF had more roots deeper in the profile than two HBG ('Reveille' and Thermal Blue) and KBG under well-watered conditions. In the field, quality and Pg were greatest in TF among turfgrasses. Performances in quality and Pg generally ranked: TF > Reveille >= Thermal Blue = KBG. In a separate mowing height and drought field study, HBG (Thermal Blue) generally had lower quality and Pg than KBG at both high (7.62 cm) and low (3.81 cm) heights but particularly at the low height. Drought resistance and tolerance to low mowing in Thermal Blue was similar to or poorer than in KBG. Under supra-optimum temperature (35 /25°C and 40 /30°C, 14h light/10h darkness), the ratio of digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) to monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) was highest in HBG (Thermal Blue) and lowest in TF. Heat tolerance was also associated with higher phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) content, higher phosphatidylglycerol (PG) content, and reduced overall unsaturation compared with heat-sensitive. Results suggest that 40 membrane lipid molecules are potential biomarkers for heat tolerance and that compositional changes in lipids in response to heat may contribute to differences in heat tolerance among cool-season grasses. Generally, studies indicated greater heat resistance, but not drought resistance, in HBG than in KBG or TF.

The molecular characterization of Pratylenchus species determined from D2-D3 of 28S rDNA, ITS of rDNA, and COI of mtDNA regions revealed four Pratylenchus species from North Dakota, P. scribneri, P. neglectus, Pratylenchus sp. (ND-2016 isolate HG51), and Pratylenchus sp. (ND-2017). They were clustered in four separate clades in the phylogenetic trees indicating the divergence among species. P. scribneri and Pratylenchus sp. (ND-2016 isolate HG51) were closely associated and Pratylenchus sp. (DH-2017) was closely related to Pratylenchus sp. (ND-2016 isolate HG51). However, P. neglectus was not closely associated with the other three species. Moreover, resistance evaluation of ten corn hybrids to Pratylenchus scribneri, P. neglectus, and Pratylenchus sp. (ND-2017) revealed that 1392 VT2P was moderately resistant to three Pratylenchus species. PFS74K89 and 4913 VT2RIB were moderately resistant to two of the three Pratylenchus species. X5B-8801, DK 43-46, and DKC 44-13 were susceptible to two of the three Pratylenchus species.

In the discipline of fashion, wardrobe staples and evening wear are two clothing categories with different purpose and used for different occasions. Wardrobe staples consist of classic garments used in our everyday life in contrast to evening wear which stands for elegant and decorative expression. This study was aimed at developing garment hybrids in between the clothing categories wardrobe staples and evening wear. Wardrobe staples and evening wear are separated because of their different characteristics, this study aims to developing garment hybrids in between the clothing categories wardrobe staples and evening wear. The motive is to look beyond the categorizations and combined their differences to a new whole, for example, a wrinkled shirt in contrast to lace gloves. These two categories consist of design that for a long time, has been settle and the same, with a clear expression and usage there are room and opportunity for renovation and change. In these established categories there are distinct right and wrong regarding shape, materials and details and minor changes can transform the whole expression. The sample was selected from a visual investigation of what characterize wardrobe staples and evening wear. These characteristics were explored physically through deconstruct the expression of wardrobe staples by adding features from evening wear to create hybrids. The contrast and differences of wardrobe staples and evening wear are altered both in shape, materials and details and therefore, in this study, various ways of changing the appearance of wardrob staples will be demonstrated. The experiments were evaluated how and how much the added feature from evening wear affects the final outcome, depending on the chosen wardrobe staple how obvious the feature has to be. The collection is showcasing garments and outfits that more or less implanted of evening wear features as well as in different ways are implanted by the features, for example as a garment or material. This study suggesting new expressions of what we already use but for long has been unchanged.

This investigation is centred on suggesting a new wardrobe concept of convertible hybrid garments; 2-in-1 designs. The proposed work is in other words, build on the transformative merging of one garment type to another. Through this intertwining, these become two parts of a whole, distorted to fit together in an upside-down position on the body. This alternative approach to garment creation, not only challenges the fundamental relationship between clothing, pattern making, and the body, but also aims to suggest the potential of implementing ‘reverse engineering’ methods, as a backdrop for the contemporary and versatile deconstruction. This work is foremost motivated by a sense of social and sustainable contribution to the field of fashion. Evoked by the prospect of encouraging interaction and providing the wearer more options on how to wear clothing, by proposing designs not fixed to one outcome. Hence, given the versatility of these hybrids, this project also advocates having fewer items of clothing, to bring about a more sustainable alternative to mass consumption.