A resource assessment of the hydrokinetic potential in Canada's rivers was completed. The main objectives of the study were to (1) quantify the potential hydrokinetic energy avail- able for development both nationally and regionally, and (2) develop geospatial datasets identifying streams or areas of high hydrokinetic potential. Flow estimates at ungauged locations were found using multiple linear regression coupled with Canonical correlation analysis (MLR-CCA). Total theoretical hydro power, equivalent to total theoretical hydroki- netic power was calculated using these ow estimates and hydraulic head estimates from DEMs. It is estimated that there are 710 GW of potential power in Canadian rivers, with 97.5% con dence that there is at least 433 GW. Downstream hydraulic geometry (DHG) relations were applied to ow estimates to nd cross section velocity and power at ungauged locations. Further testing was done on DHG relations, and were found to be most accurate when characterized by soil drainage characteristics.

A resource assessment of the hydrokinetic potential in Canada's rivers was completed. The main objectives of the study were to (1) quantify the potential hydrokinetic energy avail- able for development both nationally and regionally, and (2) develop geospatial datasets identifying streams or areas of high hydrokinetic potential. Flow estimates at ungauged locations were found using multiple linear regression coupled with Canonical correlation analysis (MLR-CCA). Total theoretical hydro power, equivalent to total theoretical hydroki- netic power was calculated using these ow estimates and hydraulic head estimates from DEMs. It is estimated that there are 710 GW of potential power in Canadian rivers, with 97.5% con dence that there is at least 433 GW. Downstream hydraulic geometry (DHG) relations were applied to ow estimates to nd cross section velocity and power at ungauged locations. Further testing was done on DHG relations, and were found to be most accurate when characterized by soil drainage characteristics.

No description available.

No description available.

Since past more than hundred years, fluvial geomorphologists all across the globe have been trying to understand the basic phenomena and processes that control the behavioral patterns of streams. A large number of stream classification systems has been proposed till date, but none of them have been accepted universally. Lately, a large amount of efforts have been made to develop bankfull relations for estimating channel geometry that can be employed for stream restoration practices. Focusing on these two objectives, in this study a new stream classification system based on elevation above mean sea level has been developed and later using elevation as one of the independent and nondimensionalising parameters, universal and regional regime equations in dimensionless forms have been developed for predicting channel geometry at bankfull conditions. To accomplish the first objective, 873 field measurement values describing the hydraulic geometry and morphology of streams mainly from Canada, UK and USA were compiled and statistically analyzed. Based on similar mode values of three dimensionless channel variables (aspect ratio, sinuosity and channel slope), several fine elevations ranges were merged to produce the final five elevation ranges. These final five zones formed the basis of the new elevation based classification system and were identified with their unique modal values of dimensionless variables. Performing joint probability distributions on each of these zones, trends in the behavior of channel variables while moving from lowland to upland were observed. For the completion of second objective, 405 data points out of initial 873 points were selected and employed for the development of bankfull relations by using bankfull discharge and watershed variables as the input variables. Regression equations developed for width and depth established bankfull discharge as the only required input variable whereas all other watershed variables were proved out to be relatively insignificant. Channel slope equation did not show any dependence on bankfull discharge and was observed to be influenced only by drainage area and valley slope factors. Later when bankfull discharge was replaced by annual average rainfall as the new input variable, watershed parameters (drainage area, forest cover, urban cover etc.) became significant in bankfull width and depth regression equations. This suggested that bankfull discharge in itself encompasses the effects of all the watershed variables and associated processes and thus is sufficient for estimating channel dimensions. Indeed, bankfull discharge based regression equation demonstrated its strong dependence on watershed and rainfall variables. / Master of Science

Em virtude da existência de falhas em séries históricas hidrológicas ou até mesmo da não existência de dados monitorados nas bacias de interesse, a regionalização hidrológica se configura como uma ferramenta propícia para preencher essa lacuna, tornando-se útil para o conhecimento e a gestão dos recursos hídricos. Existe na literatura da hidrologia uma gama de metodologias que abordam a regionalização de dados ambientais, como a análise de agrupamento, a curva de permanência, a regressão múltipla, entre outros. No entanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi regionalizar vazões máximas a partir do hidrograma unitário instantâneo geomorfológico em bacias embutidas, com inserção da geometria hidráulica e geometria fractal. Para tal, propõe-se uma metodologia, inserindo ao modelo do Hidrograma Unitário Instantâneo Geomorfológico (GIUH), novos parâmetros de “entrada”, a geometria hidráulica (GH), a geometria fractal (GF) e a precipitação média anual (Pma). Aplicou-se esta metodologia na bacia do rio Ijuí, localizada na região noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para isto, foram necessárias as seguintes etapas de trabalho: determinar o comportamento pluviométrico da bacia em estudo; determinar as relações matemáticas (expoentes e coeficientes) da GH na seção transversal do exutório de cada bacia; determinar os valores da GF para cada bacia e inserir as informações da GH e da GF no GIUH. Os dados utilizados no presente estudo (dados de precipitações diárias, perfil topobatimétrico das seções, dados diários de cota, e dados diários de vazões e medições de vazões medidas em campo) foram observados e medidos em nove sub-bacias embutidas à bacia do rio Ijuí, monitoramento realizado por CPRM e IPH-UFRGS. Estes dados foram utilizados para determinar a precipitação média anual, parâmetros (expoentes e coeficientes) de GH e de GF. Com dados observados de sete eventos, ocorridos simultaneamente nas respectivas bacias, calibrou-se o modelo GIUH. Após calibrado o modelo, através de uma regressão multivariada, foram ajustadas equações lineares e potenciais que relacionam (velocidade) com parâmetros de GH, GF e Pma, visando regionalizar que é um parâmetro de entrada para a geração do GIUH. Com a inserção destes novos parâmetros validou-se o modelo, aplicando-o em outro evento distinto, no qual se pode observar que o modelo apresentou bons resultados quando comparado com os valores observados. / Because of the lack in hydrological time series or even the shortage of monitored data in the basins of interest, hydrological regionalization is configured as a good tool to fill this shortage, making it useful for water resource understanding and its management. In hydrology, there are methodologies that address the regionalization of environmental data, such as cluster analysis, the flow duration curve, multiple regression, etc. However, the main objective of this study is to develop a method of regionalization to estimate peak flows in watersheds. Thus, a method to use the model Geomorphological Instant Unit Hydrograph (GIUH), with the insertion of new input parameters, that is, hydraulic geometry (HG), fractal geometry (FG) and mean annual rainfall (Pma) was proposed. As a case study, this method was applied to the Ijuí river basin, located in the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul State. For this, several specific objectives were: Verification of the spatial homogeneity of the rainfall regime in the basin; determination of the mathematical relationships of HG in the cross section of outfall of each basin; determination of FG values for each basin; insertion of HG and FG information into GIUH. The data used in this study (daily rainfall data, cross sections profile, daily water-level data, daily discharge data) were observed and measured in nine embedded sub-basins inside the Ijuí river basin. The monitoring was carried out by CPRM and IPH-UFRGS. These data were used to determine the Pma, parameters (exponents and coefficients) of HG and FG. With data observed in seven events, occurred simultaneously in the respective basins, the GIUH model was calibrated. After the model calibration, linear and potential equations relating (speed) with parameters of HG, FG and Pma, that aimed to regionalize which is an input parameter for the generation of GIUH, were adjusted through a multivariate regression. With the insertion of these new parameters, the model was validated in another distinct event occurred in the basin, in which it can be observed the model showed good results when compared with observed values.

Em virtude da existência de falhas em séries históricas hidrológicas ou até mesmo da não existência de dados monitorados nas bacias de interesse, a regionalização hidrológica se configura como uma ferramenta propícia para preencher essa lacuna, tornando-se útil para o conhecimento e a gestão dos recursos hídricos. Existe na literatura da hidrologia uma gama de metodologias que abordam a regionalização de dados ambientais, como a análise de agrupamento, a curva de permanência, a regressão múltipla, entre outros. No entanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi regionalizar vazões máximas a partir do hidrograma unitário instantâneo geomorfológico em bacias embutidas, com inserção da geometria hidráulica e geometria fractal. Para tal, propõe-se uma metodologia, inserindo ao modelo do Hidrograma Unitário Instantâneo Geomorfológico (GIUH), novos parâmetros de “entrada”, a geometria hidráulica (GH), a geometria fractal (GF) e a precipitação média anual (Pma). Aplicou-se esta metodologia na bacia do rio Ijuí, localizada na região noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para isto, foram necessárias as seguintes etapas de trabalho: determinar o comportamento pluviométrico da bacia em estudo; determinar as relações matemáticas (expoentes e coeficientes) da GH na seção transversal do exutório de cada bacia; determinar os valores da GF para cada bacia e inserir as informações da GH e da GF no GIUH. Os dados utilizados no presente estudo (dados de precipitações diárias, perfil topobatimétrico das seções, dados diários de cota, e dados diários de vazões e medições de vazões medidas em campo) foram observados e medidos em nove sub-bacias embutidas à bacia do rio Ijuí, monitoramento realizado por CPRM e IPH-UFRGS. Estes dados foram utilizados para determinar a precipitação média anual, parâmetros (expoentes e coeficientes) de GH e de GF. Com dados observados de sete eventos, ocorridos simultaneamente nas respectivas bacias, calibrou-se o modelo GIUH. Após calibrado o modelo, através de uma regressão multivariada, foram ajustadas equações lineares e potenciais que relacionam (velocidade) com parâmetros de GH, GF e Pma, visando regionalizar que é um parâmetro de entrada para a geração do GIUH. Com a inserção destes novos parâmetros validou-se o modelo, aplicando-o em outro evento distinto, no qual se pode observar que o modelo apresentou bons resultados quando comparado com os valores observados. / Because of the lack in hydrological time series or even the shortage of monitored data in the basins of interest, hydrological regionalization is configured as a good tool to fill this shortage, making it useful for water resource understanding and its management. In hydrology, there are methodologies that address the regionalization of environmental data, such as cluster analysis, the flow duration curve, multiple regression, etc. However, the main objective of this study is to develop a method of regionalization to estimate peak flows in watersheds. Thus, a method to use the model Geomorphological Instant Unit Hydrograph (GIUH), with the insertion of new input parameters, that is, hydraulic geometry (HG), fractal geometry (FG) and mean annual rainfall (Pma) was proposed. As a case study, this method was applied to the Ijuí river basin, located in the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul State. For this, several specific objectives were: Verification of the spatial homogeneity of the rainfall regime in the basin; determination of the mathematical relationships of HG in the cross section of outfall of each basin; determination of FG values for each basin; insertion of HG and FG information into GIUH. The data used in this study (daily rainfall data, cross sections profile, daily water-level data, daily discharge data) were observed and measured in nine embedded sub-basins inside the Ijuí river basin. The monitoring was carried out by CPRM and IPH-UFRGS. These data were used to determine the Pma, parameters (exponents and coefficients) of HG and FG. With data observed in seven events, occurred simultaneously in the respective basins, the GIUH model was calibrated. After the model calibration, linear and potential equations relating (speed) with parameters of HG, FG and Pma, that aimed to regionalize which is an input parameter for the generation of GIUH, were adjusted through a multivariate regression. With the insertion of these new parameters, the model was validated in another distinct event occurred in the basin, in which it can be observed the model showed good results when compared with observed values.

Em virtude da existência de falhas em séries históricas hidrológicas ou até mesmo da não existência de dados monitorados nas bacias de interesse, a regionalização hidrológica se configura como uma ferramenta propícia para preencher essa lacuna, tornando-se útil para o conhecimento e a gestão dos recursos hídricos. Existe na literatura da hidrologia uma gama de metodologias que abordam a regionalização de dados ambientais, como a análise de agrupamento, a curva de permanência, a regressão múltipla, entre outros. No entanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi regionalizar vazões máximas a partir do hidrograma unitário instantâneo geomorfológico em bacias embutidas, com inserção da geometria hidráulica e geometria fractal. Para tal, propõe-se uma metodologia, inserindo ao modelo do Hidrograma Unitário Instantâneo Geomorfológico (GIUH), novos parâmetros de “entrada”, a geometria hidráulica (GH), a geometria fractal (GF) e a precipitação média anual (Pma). Aplicou-se esta metodologia na bacia do rio Ijuí, localizada na região noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para isto, foram necessárias as seguintes etapas de trabalho: determinar o comportamento pluviométrico da bacia em estudo; determinar as relações matemáticas (expoentes e coeficientes) da GH na seção transversal do exutório de cada bacia; determinar os valores da GF para cada bacia e inserir as informações da GH e da GF no GIUH. Os dados utilizados no presente estudo (dados de precipitações diárias, perfil topobatimétrico das seções, dados diários de cota, e dados diários de vazões e medições de vazões medidas em campo) foram observados e medidos em nove sub-bacias embutidas à bacia do rio Ijuí, monitoramento realizado por CPRM e IPH-UFRGS. Estes dados foram utilizados para determinar a precipitação média anual, parâmetros (expoentes e coeficientes) de GH e de GF. Com dados observados de sete eventos, ocorridos simultaneamente nas respectivas bacias, calibrou-se o modelo GIUH. Após calibrado o modelo, através de uma regressão multivariada, foram ajustadas equações lineares e potenciais que relacionam (velocidade) com parâmetros de GH, GF e Pma, visando regionalizar que é um parâmetro de entrada para a geração do GIUH. Com a inserção destes novos parâmetros validou-se o modelo, aplicando-o em outro evento distinto, no qual se pode observar que o modelo apresentou bons resultados quando comparado com os valores observados. / Because of the lack in hydrological time series or even the shortage of monitored data in the basins of interest, hydrological regionalization is configured as a good tool to fill this shortage, making it useful for water resource understanding and its management. In hydrology, there are methodologies that address the regionalization of environmental data, such as cluster analysis, the flow duration curve, multiple regression, etc. However, the main objective of this study is to develop a method of regionalization to estimate peak flows in watersheds. Thus, a method to use the model Geomorphological Instant Unit Hydrograph (GIUH), with the insertion of new input parameters, that is, hydraulic geometry (HG), fractal geometry (FG) and mean annual rainfall (Pma) was proposed. As a case study, this method was applied to the Ijuí river basin, located in the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul State. For this, several specific objectives were: Verification of the spatial homogeneity of the rainfall regime in the basin; determination of the mathematical relationships of HG in the cross section of outfall of each basin; determination of FG values for each basin; insertion of HG and FG information into GIUH. The data used in this study (daily rainfall data, cross sections profile, daily water-level data, daily discharge data) were observed and measured in nine embedded sub-basins inside the Ijuí river basin. The monitoring was carried out by CPRM and IPH-UFRGS. These data were used to determine the Pma, parameters (exponents and coefficients) of HG and FG. With data observed in seven events, occurred simultaneously in the respective basins, the GIUH model was calibrated. After the model calibration, linear and potential equations relating (speed) with parameters of HG, FG and Pma, that aimed to regionalize which is an input parameter for the generation of GIUH, were adjusted through a multivariate regression. With the insertion of these new parameters, the model was validated in another distinct event occurred in the basin, in which it can be observed the model showed good results when compared with observed values.

The cross-sectional form of semi-alluvial bedrock channels was investigated. Channel geometry data were collected from a variety of streams in Ontario and Québec, Canada to develop empirical downstream scaling relationships. The relationships revealed that bedrock, mixed, and alluvial channels scale at similar rates with respect to discharge. The widest channels were formed in low-relief sedimentary bedrock with minimal alluvial cover. Channels influenced by resistant igneous/metamorphic bedrock produced a strong scaling relationship, whereas channels influenced by weak sedimentary bedrock produced a weak scaling relationship. Alluvial cover appeared to exhibit more control on channel width in low-relief settings in comparison to high-relief settings, with increased alluvial cover promoting channel narrowing. Channels influenced by igneous/metamorphic bedrock produced identifiable thalwegs, presumably due to well-defined bedload transport pathways. Channels influenced by sedimentary bedrock tended to have planar beds. Additionally, fish habitat was investigated at one semi-alluvial bedrock stream in Ontario, Canada. Fish sampling was conducted at proximate bedrock and alluvial sections followed by a survey of physical habitat parameters to evaluate habitat preferences. Adult logperch (Percina caprodes), juvenile white sucker (Catostomus commersonii), adult round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), and adult longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) demonstrated preference toward alluvial substrate, whereas juvenile logperch and adult banded killifish (Fundulus diaphanus) demonstrated preference toward bedrock. Juvenile silver shiner (Notropis photogenis) and juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were indifferent to substrate type. Empirical depth and flow velocity habitat suitability indices (HSIs) were developed for each fish species. This study presents the first fish habitat suitability criteria developed from a small semi-alluvial bedrock stream and may provide valuable information for fisheries management endeavours in such environments.