Th.--Sci. nat.--Lille 1, 1979. N°: 442.

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No description available.

Objective: Determine if varying ultrasound frequency affects the delivery of 10% hydrocortisone concentrations during phonophoresis. Utilize intramuscular microdialysis probe for drug collection, thus improving the experimental model. Methods: Thirty one (10 in groups 1 and 2, 11 in group 3) healthy subjects participated in this study. Interventions: Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups receiving 10 minute ultrasound treatments applied to a standardized area of the gastrocnemius muscle of the right leg. The ultrasound was performed over the treated area using a 10% hydrocortisone compound mixed with standard ultrasound gel. The contralateral limb served as the control (no mixed compound or treatment) for all groups. Group one received sham ultrasound. Medicated gel was placed on the treatment site, the sound head moved, but no ultrasound was applied. Group two received 45 KHz at .056 w/cm2. Group three received 1 MHz at 1.0 w/cm2 at a 50 % duty cycle. Results: There was no difference in cortisol concentration change during treatment between the three treatment groups on the treated limbs (sham = 1.1 ±7.5 ng/ml, 45 KHz = 1.1 ± 1.5 ng/ml, 1 MHz = 4.1 ± 7.8 ng/ml; F2,22 = .34, P = .72) or control limbs (sham = 1.65 ± 6.6 ng/ml, 45 KHz = -1.3 ± 2.7 ng/ml, 1 MHz = 0.37 ± 8.1 ng/ml; F2,22 = .67, P = .546). No difference was found in cortisol concentration change during treatment between the treatment limbs and the control limbs (treatment = 2.1 ± 6.2 ng/ml, control = 0.20 ± 5.9 ng/ml; F1,22 = .9, P = .35). The following factors were found to influence cortisol concentrations levels in dialysate collected during treatment: depth of muscle in the treatment limbs (F1,22 = 6.4, P = .02), microdialysis probe depth in the control limbs (F1,22 = 4.1, P = .05), and pre treatment cortisol level in the control limbs (F1,22 = 10.1, P = .004. Conclusions: There was no evidence altering ultrasound frequency from 45 KHz to 1 MHZ enhanced the delivery of 10% hydrocortisone to treatment tissues under these experimental conditions.

Context: Transdermal delivery of hydrocortisone by phonophoresis is used for the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions. Research shows hydrocortisone and other white or opaque topical preparations transmit ultrasound energy poorly. Effective transmission of ultrasound is important in phonophoresis. Main Outcome measured: Samples of subcutaneous interstitial fluid were collected during and for 20 minutes following phonophoresis treatment. Cortisol concentrations were analyzed by an enzyme linked immune-assay (ELISA) test. Objective: Determine the subcutaneous cortisol concentration after two different phonophoresis treatments using a 2.5% hydrocortisone preparation. Design: Randomized design in which 22 healthy participants were assigned to receive a phonophoresis treatment where: 1) hydrocortisone cream was rubbed in completely prior to phonophoresis or 2) hydrocortisone powder was compounded with an ultrasound coupling gel. Test Subjects: 22 healthy individuals were recruited: 13 females with a mean age of 21 years and 9 males with a mean age of 21.8 years. Intervention: Phonophoresis consisted of pulsed ultrasound at 1 MHz, 1.0 w/cm2, and a 50% duty cycle. The treatment duration was 10 minutes and was localized over the distal gastrocnemius muscle. Results: We observed no significant difference in subcutaneous cortisol concentration between the two phonophoresis treatments (p=0.05). Also no significant difference was detected between pre and post-treatment cortisol levels within each individual treatment group. Conclusions: Our data indicates that completely rubbing a topical hydrocortisone application into the skin prior to placement of ultrasound gel does not result in increased transdermal delivery of cortisol when compared with the use of a compound of ultrasound gel and hydrocortisone powder applied topically to the skin.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2009. / Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-100).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-137). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

ABSTRACT Breast cancer is a complex disease, whose etiology is not well understood. A number of factors have been found to contribute to its development. Psychological stress has been recognized as such a factor in epidemiological studies, but few molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain its association to breast cancer risk. This work addresses the lack of knowledge in the area of stress and breast cancer with the use of molecular and epidemiological techniques. Molecular experiments allowed the identification of a link between stress signaling and intracellular signaling pathways known to be affected in breast cancer development. Namely, the stress hormone hydrocortisone (cortisol) was found to down-regulate the Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene 1 (BRCA1). Further study allowed identification of some of the mechanisms involved. Binding of the transcription factors GABPa/b and USF2 at specific sites of the BRCA1 promoter (the RIBS and UP sites) was shown to be negatively affected by hydrocortisone. In addition, a novel hormone-independent function of the receptor for hydrocortisone, the glucocorticoid receptor, was identified in the context of BRCA1 regulation. GR was determined to act as a positive regulator of BRCA1 in the absence of hydrocortisone through the RIBS and UP sites. Taken altogether these results represent a novel molecular mechanism linking stress signaling to breast cancer development. The second objective of this work was to design an epidemiological study which would determine whether stress-susceptible individuals are at higher risk of developing breast cancer. This study would be the first of its kind in the case of breast cancer and would allow the development of a genetic method of measuring stress exposure which can be used in future studies. The study was designed to look at glucocorticoid receptor iii polymorphisms known to produce phenotypic differences in GR activity in a population of women with incident breast cancer and population-based controls. In conclusion, the present work suggests an integrative model of the effect of stress on breast cancer development which incorporates genetic predisposition to the effects of stress and downstream changes in the expression and activity of the Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene 1. / Thesis (Ph.D, Pathology & Molecular Medicine) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-02 23:42:20.89 / Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation-Ontario Chapter Canadian Institute of Health Research

In adults, serum and salivary cortisol increase during aerobic exercise. There is little data on serum and no data on salivary cortisol responses during aerobic exercise in children. The purpose of this study was to examine serum and salivary cortisol during and after aerobic exercise. Ten male children with a mean age of 10.6 ± 0.6 years were subjects in this study. Each child came to the laboratory on three occasions. The first visit was to familiarize the child with the procedures. On the second visit, each child performed a maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer (mean VO2. 49.5 ± 3.6 ml•kg''-min-') . On the third visit, an indwelling catheter was placed in a forearm vein. Thirty minutes later baseline blood and saliva samples were obtained followed by 30 minutes of exercise on a cycle ergometer at 69.5 ± 3.0% of VOA. Blood and saliva samples we e obtained at mid-exercise, end exercise and 15 minutes post-exercise. Serum and salivary cortisol were analyzed using RIA skit. Serum samples were corrected for changes in plasma volume. A repeated measures ANOVA revealed that exercise significantly increased serum, but not salivary cortisol. Mean salivary cortisol (ug.dl'') at baseline was 0.079 ± 0.042, at mid-exercise 0.099 ± 0.070, at end-exercise 0.133 ± 0.112, and at 15 minutes post-exercise was 0.143 ± 0.140. Post-hoc analyses indicated that mean serum cortisol at midexercise (7.94 ± 4.53 ug•dl-'), end-exercise (8.72 ± 5.61) and 15 minute post-exercise (8.21 ± 5.03 ug•dl'') were significantly greater than baseline (5.54 ± 2.73 ug•dl-'). The ratio of mean salivary to mean serum cortisol ranged from 1.3% to 1.7%. Serum and salivary cortisol were significantly correlated at mid-exercise (r=0.77), post-exercise (r=0.90) and 15 minutes post-exercise (r=0.84), but not at baseline. It is concluded that: (1) as a result -of exercise, children show adrenocortical activation as measured by serum cortisol; and, (2) salivary and serum cortisol are strongly correlated during and after exercise in children. / School of Physical Education