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Thesis (M.Sc.). / Written for the School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2007/08/30). Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Abstract The rate of hyperlipidemia is increasing due to the change of people¡¦s life style and growing aging problem in recent years. Many studies indicated that hyperlipidemia is the base of atherosclerosis which mainly causes cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, how to prevent the sorts of diseases becomes an important topic for the Department of Health. The main objective of the study is to evaluate marketing strategies of Micronized Fenofibrate 200 mg in the case study company. The study examined the treatments of Micronized Fenofibrate 200 mg in hyperlipidemia and its marketing strategies. The study results may provide advice of decreasing medical expenditure for the Bureau of National Health Insurance. The study mainly applied Market Segmentation, product STP (Segment, Target and Position) strategies and relevant document of marketing strategies. The method is to analyze the case product by using Porter¡¦s 5 forces analysis to describe the product competition market. Via SWOT analysis, the study examined the outside opportunities and threats as well as inside superior and inferior; and then inspected the drug marketing strategies with 4P analysis (Product, Price, Promotion, Place ) . Meanwhile, this study conducted a questionnaire to physicians about the case product. The results were also compared to the drug sell situation and market shares of the case company. The result shows that through definite market segmentation, product STP, professional representative¡¦s promotion and active participation in medical conferences, the case product successfully builds its marketing channel and brand name identity within 6 years. The case product has grown from 300,000 pills in 2001 to more than 6 million pills in 2007. The case company has transformed from traditional pharmaceutical company into specialized diabetic medication company. Hence, building the brand identity, enhancing pharmaceutic technique and clarifying market position may become the main stream of pharmaceutical industry competition in the near future. Key word: drugs for hyperlipidemia, cGMP, marketing strategy

Thesis (M.A.)--Northern Kentucky University, 2006. / Made available through ProQuest. Publication number: AAT 1435991. ProQuest document ID: 1179964211. Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-46)

Objectives Hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis is an important cause of acute pancreatitis (AP) in children, which lacks established guidelines. The aim of this study was to review management approaches at a single pediatric center. Methods This retrospective study included all inpatients younger than 21 years with AP and triglycerides (TG) of 1000 mg/dL or greater. A linear mixed effect model was used to calculate drop in TGs. The patient's diet, intravenous fluid (IVF) rate, insulin, and plasmapheresis were included in the model. Results Seventeen admissions were identified among 8 patients, average age 15 years (range, 6-19 years). Fifty percent had recurrent AP and 29% of admissions had complications including 1 death. The population was primarily female (75%), white (75%), and overweight, and 63% had diabetes. The median stay was 5.4 days. There were 14 approaches used with variations in IVF rates, insulin, plasmapheresis, and nill per os (NPO) versus feeds. Variables that reduced TG's were NPO, higher IVF rates, plasmapheresis, and insulin (P < 0.05). Importantly, NPO reduced TGs faster than those who started early nutrition. Conclusions Hypertriglyceridemia is an important cause of pancreatitis in children. This study shares a management algorithm from a single institution. Larger studies are needed for more evidence-based guidelines.

The relationship between cerebrovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and cognitive impairment or dementia has been widely studied with significant variability in findings between groups. We hypothesized that chronic small vessel injury in the form of arteriolar sclerosis, measured quantitatively using MRI to measure total white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes, would identify specific association of CVD risk factors and patterns of cognitive decline, associated with mild cognitive impairment of the cerebrovascular type, that represent the core features of vascular cognitive impairment in our cohort. A Cross-sectional analysis of clinical and quantitative MRI data on 114 subjects with normal cognitive function (n=52) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n=62) was performed. Quantitative total WMH volumes were examined in relation to potentially causative CVD risk factors and resultant test scores across cognitive domains using linear regression models adjusted for age, gender, and education. Among CVD risk factors analyzed, age (p< 0.001), education (p= 0.003), hypertension (p= 0.012), and hyperlipidemia (p= 0.008) demonstrated the strongest associations with WMH volumes. Conversely, diabetes, smoking, history of heart attacks, atrial fibrillation, and history of stroke that have shown associations with CVD pathology on imaging in other studies were not statistically associated with increased WMH in this cohort. WMH volumes were associated with decrease performance on the Trial Making Test type A & B and long delayed free recall on the California Verbal Learning Test. Our findings suggest similarities and yet differences in comparison to other studies. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia appear to represent common shared risks across geographically disparate groups. Our findings, like others, suggest CVD pathology impact processing speed and executive function and provide further evidence for CVD effects on short-term memory in those at risk for cognitive decline and the future development of dementia in our cohort.

A periodontite é uma doença bucal infecto-inflamatória resultante da quebra da homeostase entre biofilme dentário e o hospedeiro. Diversos estudos tem mostrado que a obesidade e o sobrepeso são importantes fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da doença periodontal. O tecido adiposo representa um reservatório de mediadores inflamatórios. A chemerin é uma adipocina secretada pelo tecido adiposo e atua em numerosos processos fisiológicos, como metabolismo, proliferação e diferenciação celular. Levando em consideração que alterações de adiposidade, observadas por medidas antropométricas, estão relacionadas com maior incidência de periodontite, e que chemerin, uma citocina produzida por adipócitos, está envolvida na resposta inflamatória, nota-se uma lacuna na literatura que correlacione o papel de chemerin na progressão da doença periodontal. Portanto, o presente projeto tem como objetivo avaliar a participação da adipocina chemerin no desenvolvimento da doença periodontal em camundongos hiperlipidêmicos e avaliar o efeito desta adipocina sobre a diferenciação e ativação de células ósseas. No estudo in vivo, os animais foram submetidos ao modelo experimental de hiperlipidemia e/ou periodontite e divididos em 4 grupos: Grupo I: camundongos controle. Grupo II: camundongos controle infectados pela Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). Grupo III: camundongos hiperlipidêmicos não infectados. Grupo IV: camundongos hiperlipidêmicos infectados pela Pg. As amostras foram coletadas depois de 15, 30 e 60 dias. No estudo in vivo, o modelo de dieta hiperlipidêmica adotado foi eficaz em aumentar os níveis circulantes de colesterol e chemerin, embora não tenha alterado o peso dos animais. Observa-se ainda maior adiposidade corporal mostrada pelo aumento de peso dos tecidos adiposos retroperitoneal e epididimal dos animais hiperlipidêmicos. Na análise morfométrica foi observada uma maior perda óssea no grupo hiperlipidêmico quando comparado ao controle e essa perda óssea foi semelhante ao observado no animal infectado por Pg. Foi observado que a expressão de chemerin na gengiva e plasma se correlacionam com marcadores de osteoclastos no tecido gengival e com a reabsorção alveolar. No estudo in vitro, foi observado que chemerin leva à maior formação de depósitos mineralizados em cultura de osteoblastos e maior reabsorção óssea em cultura de osteoclastos. Conclui-se que a hiperlipidemia provoca reabsorção óssea alveolar semelhante ao observado com infecção oral com P. gingivalis. Chemerin participa da reabsorção óssea alveolar visto que os níveis desta adipocina na gengiva e plasma se correlacionam com marcadores de osteoclastos no tecido gengival e com a reabsorção alveolar. Chemerin aumenta atividade de osteoblastos e osteoclastos in vitro. / Periodontitis is an infectious inflammatory oral disease resultant from the breaking of homeostasis between biofilm and the host. Several studies have shown that overweight and obesity are major risk factors for the development of periodontal disease. Adipose tissue is a reservoir of inflammatory mediators. The chemerin is an adipokine secreted by adipose tissue and acts in numerous physiological processes, such as metabolism, proliferation and differentiation. Considering that adiposity changes, observed by anthropometric measurements, are related to higher incidence of periodontitis, and chemerin, a cytokine produced by adipocytes, is involved in the inflammatory response, there is a gap in the literature that correlates the paper chemerin in the progression of periodontal disease. Therefore, this project aims to evaluate the participation of chemerin adipokine in the development of periodontal disease in hyperlipidemic mice and evaluate the effect of this adipokine on the differentiation and activation of bone cells. In the in vivo study, the animals underwent to the experimental model of hyperlipidemia and / or periodontitis and divided into 4 groups: Group I: control mice. Group II: control mice infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). Group III: hyperlipidemic mice not infected. Group IV: hyperlipidemic mice infected by Pg. Samples were collected after 15, 30 and 60 days. In the in vivo study, the model of hyperlipidemic diet adopted was effective in increasing circulating levels of cholesterol and chemerin, although it has not changed the weight of the animals. Greater body adiposity shown by the increased weight of the retroperitoneal and epididymal adipose tissues of hyperlipidemic animals was observed. In morphometric analysis, we observed an increased bone loss in hyperlipidemic group compared to the control and that this bone loss was similar to the observed in animals infected with Pg. It was observed that the gum chemerin expression and plasma correlate with markers of osteoclast in the gingival tissue and alveolar resorption. In the in vitro study, it was observed that chemerin leads to increased formation of mineralized deposits in cultured osteoblasts and increased bone resorption in osteoclast culture. It concludes that hyperlipidemia causes alveolar bone resorption similar to that observed on oral infection with P. gingivalis. Chemerin participates in alveolar bone resorption, at the levels of this adipokine gum and plasma correlate with osteoclast markers in gingival tissue and alveolar resorption. Chemerin increases osteoblast activity and osteoclasts in vitro.

<p>U okviru disertacije je ispitan hemijski sastav odabranih cijanobakterijskih sojeva roda Anabaena, Nostoc i Spirulina, kao i uticaj azota na sastav rodova Anabaena i Nostoc. U ispitivanim sojevima određen je sadržaj lipida, proteina, mineralnih materija, sastav i sadržaj lakoisparljivih jedinjenja, aminokiselina i masnih kiselina. U heksanskim i metanolno/vodenim ekstraktima sojeva određen je sadržaj ukupnih fenola, sastav i sadržaj<br />karotenoida i proteinskih pigmenata, kao i antioksidativni potencijal ekstrakata prema DPPH radikalu. Takođe, ispitan je antihiperlipidemijski potencijal roda Spirulina S2 u biolo&scaron;kom ogledu, pri čemu je određen nivo ukupnog holesterola, LDL i HDL čestica, izračunati su relevantni biohemijski markeri hiperlipidemije, kao i koncentracija ALS i AST u plazmi eksperimentalnih životinja. Određen je hemijski sastav fecesa eksperimentalnih životinja, kao i sadržaj holesterola i sastav i sadržaj žučnih kiselina u fecesu. Na bazi<br />hemijskog sastava ispitivanih sojeva cijanobakterija: visokog sadržaja proteina, izbalansiranog aminokiselinskog i masnokiselinskog sastava i visokog sadržaja karotenoida, može se zaključiti da oni imaju potencijal kao sirovine za unapređenje nutritivnog sastava prehrambenih proizvoda. Dokazana antihiperlipidemijska aktivnost soja S2 dodatno ga čini atraktivnim za razvoj proizvoda sa dodatom vredno&scaron;ću namenjenih osobama sa poremećajem u metabolizmu lipida. Rezultati na&scaron;ih ispitivanja su pokazali i da se na hemijskih sastav pojedinih sojeva može uticati putem promene sastave hranljive podloge &scaron;to svakako ostavlja prostora za buduća istraživanja.</p> / <p>In this thesis, the chemical composition of the selected strains of cyanobacteria belonging to Anabaena, Nostoc and Spirulina genus was determined. Influence of nitrogen addition on the chemical composition of Anabaena and Nostoc strains has also been investigated. Content of lipids, crude protein, and minerals, as well as composition and content of volatile organic compounds, amino acids, fatty acids was determined in the investigated strains. Total phenolic content and composition and content of carotenoids, protein pigments and antioxidative action toward DPPH radical was determined in the hexane and methanol/water extracts of the investigated strains. Antihyperlipidemic potential of the Spirulina S2 strain was investigated in a biological<br />assay, and content of total cholesterol, LDL and HDL was determined in plasma of the experimental animals, which allowed calculation of relevant biochemical parameters for hyperlipidemia. ALT and AST concentrations were also determined in the plasma of the experimental animals. Chemical composition, as well as content of cholesterol and composition and content of bile acids in the feces of the experimental animals was also<br />determined. Based on the determined chemical composition of the investigated cyanobacterial strains: high protein and carotenoid content, balanced amino acid and fatty acid profiles, it can be concluded that these strains have a potential as ingredients for improving nutritional characteristics of food products. Antihyperlipidemic activity shown by the tested strain S2 makes it attractive for creation of value-added food products intended for people with lipid disorders. The results of this research also show that manipulation of composition of the growing medium can influence the chemical composition of certain investigated strains, which makes it viable to conduct further research on this topic.</p>

BACKGROUND: Homeless individuals have higher rates of cardiovascular disease when compared to the general population. Educational curricula in such communities have the potential to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. However, lifestyle changes from these educational sessions can be difficult for homeless individuals to implement because of competing priorities. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the “Corazones Sanos” community project are to increase participant knowledge of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia and to counsel individuals on barriers to implementation of therapeutic lifestyle changes in the homeless population. Additional objectives include providing reinforcing support for implementation of lifestyle changes and creation of educational materials related to cardiovascular risk and lifestyle changes for the homeless population. METHODS: This community health education project was implemented with 66 patients from an urban transitional housing facility for homeless individuals recovering from substance abuse. Spanish-speaking patients >18 years old with unstable or lack of housing were eligible to participate in this study. Fifteen minute educational sessions were led by the project coordinator with the end knowledge goal of normal blood pressure and cholesterol values, daily exercise requirement, importance of medication compliance, and healthy diet practices. A reflective approach was utilized to assess participant quotations and themes of barriers to heart healthy living in the homeless population. RESULTS: Participants gained a better knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors after participating in education sessions. The main barriers to therapeutic lifestyle changes for prevention of cardiovascular disease included decreased access to healthy foods and fitness opportunities, mental health challenges, lack of social support, and recovering from addiction. About 30% of participants completed a follow-up individual education session. CONCLUSIONS: Casa Esperanza community members gained a better understanding of normal blood pressure and cholesterol ranges, healthy dietary practices, daily exercise requirement, and the importance of medication compliance through this education program. The findings from this project should assist healthcare clinicians with providing effective education for the homeless population to overcome the barriers identified and implement therapeutic lifestyle changes.