Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk can be lowered by introduction of plant sterols (PS) in the diet, since PS have been shown to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Given that the efficacy of PS as cholesterol-lowering agents depends on their appropriate solubilization, the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of PS in non-traditional matrices needs to be determined. The primary aim of this thesis was to examine the consumption of PS (a) in an oil rich in medium chain triglycerides (MCT) or (b) low-fat yogurt with or without a meal, on changes in lipid parameters. Additional objectives were: (1) to assess the effects of MCT with PS on body composition and energetics, (2) to compare the effects of PS in low-fat matrix consumed with or without a meal on cholesterol synthesis, (3) to evaluate the risks of PS in low-fat matrix on blood levels of carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamin, and (4) to investigate the relationship between the response to PS, cholesterol kinetics and genotyping. For this purpose two randomized, controlled, crossover-feeding trials were conducted. First, 23 overweight, hyperlipidemic men consumed PS in MCT or olive oil control for six weeks each. In the second trial, 26 hyperlipidemic subjects consumed a placebo yogurt, a PS-enriched yogurt consumed with a meal, or afternoon PS-enriched yogurt as a snack for four weeks each. PS, mixed within a MCT matrix, lower plasma total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C without changing the high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. However, no changes in body composition or energetics were observed. Secondly, a PS-enriched low-fat yogurt as snack lowered TC, along with a lowering trend in LDL-C, to greater extent compared to when consumed with a meal without any risk of deficiency in fat-soluble antioxidants. An increase in cholesterol biosynthesis was also observed in both PS phases compared to control phase. In addition, three non-responsive subjects to PS intervention who had higher cholesterol absorption rates were observed; however, no recognizable pattern of genetic polymorphisms was detected. Overall, these novel matrices for PS incorporation consumed with or between meals may be an effective way of decreasing the risk of CVD; however, some individuals respond better to PS intervention.

To examine the effects of fat composition and supplemental vitamin E (Vit E) and selenium (Se) on in vivo lipid peroxidation, diet-induced hypercholesterolemia, and glutathione (GSH) metabolism, male Syrian hamsters were fed for three weeks butter fat (BF-) or fish oil- (FO-)based diets supplemented with Vit E and/or Se. The effect of supplemental Vit E and Se on tissue lipid peroxidation (LPO), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and GSH concentrations differed between heart and liver and also was affected by dietary fat. The reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio was more consistently associated with tissue lipid peroxidation than was tissue Vit E content. Plasma lipids were lowered with supplemental Se and Vit E. Se supplementation, however, exerted a more potent hypolipidemic effect than Vit E. A pro-oxidative action of Se in hearts of FO-fed hamsters was noted, which was inhibited by supplemental Vit E. Hence, the combination of Vit E and Se may offer the most benefit against diet-induced oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia.

Motivation: The metabolic syndrome is characterized by a group of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) that includes obesity, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance or non-insulin dependant diabetes mellitus, pro-thrombotic state and pro-inflammatory state. The NHANES I11 study showed the prevalence of this syndrome to be 24.0% in men and 23.4% in women in the USA. These figures translate to more than 47 million US residents having the metabolic syndrome. In the THUSA (acronym for Transition and Health in the Urbanization of South Africans) study in South Africa it was found that 12% and 28.4% of men and women, respectively, of the black population of the North West Province had three or more disturbances characterizing this syndrome. Therefore, it is evident that the metabolic syndrome is a health problem not only for developed countries but also for developing countries. As a result, this syndrome has been identified as a target for dietary therapies to reduce the risk of CVD and type 2 diabetes. Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated an inverse association between nut consumption and coronary heart disease (CHD) morbidity and mortality in different population groups. Nut consumption may not only offer protection against heart disease, but also increase longevity. Recently, the benefits of nuts consumption were acknowledged by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration when they approved a qualified health claim that eating nuts (1.5 ounces/day ≈ 42.8 g/day) may reduce the risk of CHD. In this regard, the most comprehensively studied mechanism involved the favourable lipid lowering effects of nuts. There is, however, a lack of data in the literature regarding the effect of nuts on the metabolic syndrome. Objective: The main objective of this study was to examine the effects of a high walnut diet and a high unsalted cashew nut diet on markers of the metabolic syndrome in humans. In order to provide a foundational body of evidence for the aforementioned, a secondary objective included conducting a systematic review that investigates the effects of nuts on the lipid profile. Methods: The main project consisted of a controlled feeding trial with a parallel, randomized controlled study design on participants having the metabolic syndrome. Sixty-four subjects having this syndrome (29 men, 35 women) with a mean (±SD) age of 45±10 y and who met with the selection criteria were all fed a 3-week run-in control diet. After this period, participants were grouped according to gender and age and then randomized into three groups, namely, those that received a controlled feeding diet including walnuts (20% energy (E), 60-100g/day; protein:carbohydrate:fat=18:42:40%E). or unsalted cashew nuts (20%E 66- 1 15g/day; protein:carbohydrate:fat=l9:44:37%E) or no nuts (protein:carbohydrate:fat=20:47:33%E) for 8 weeks. The participants' physical activity and weight were maintained for the duration of the study. For the systematic review. human intervention trials that investigated the independent effects of nuts on lipid concentrations were included. Medline and Web of Science databases were searched from the start of the database to August 2004 and supplemented by cross-checking reference lists of relevant publications. These papers received a rating based upon the methodology as it appeared in the publication. No formal statistical analysis was performed due to the large differences in study designs of the dietary intervention trials. The main outcome measures for the systematic review, were percentage differences between treatment and control groups for total blood cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triacyglycerols (TG). Results: Regarding the main objective, we found that both the walnut and unsalted cashew nut intervention diets had no significant effect on the lipid profile, serum fructosamine, insulin, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein, blood pressure and serum uric acid concentrations when compared to the control dict. All three groups experienced highly significant increases in serum insulin concentrations when comparing the baseline to end (P<0.05). In turn, insulin resistance increased while insulin sensitivity decreased in all three groups. Plasma glucose concentrations increased significantly in the cashew nut group compared to the control group (P<0.05). By contrast, serum fructosamine was unchanged in the cashew nut group while the control group had significantly increased concentrations of this short-term marker of glycaemic control. The literature search for the systematic review yielded 41 5 publications. After screening, 23 nut studies were included in the review with most of these studies including heart-healthy diets. The majority of the studies were short (4-6 weeks) with only one study lasting 6 months. The number of subjects in most of the studies was sufficient to study the effects on TC and LDL-C but not for HDL-C and TG. The results of three almond (50-100g/day), two peanut (35-68g/day), one pecan nut (72g/day) and four walnut (40-84g/day) studies showed convincing evidence for a lipid lowering effect of TC between 2-1 6% and LDL-C between 2- 19%, when compared to their control diets. Currently, there are indications from inadequately designed intervention studies that hazelnuts (lg/day/kg body weight) and pistachios (20%E) may have a lipid lowering effect. At this stage the evidence for macadamia nuts is less convincing. Furthermore, it is apparent that the components in nuts further reduce TC and LDL-C concentrations beyond the effects predicted by equations based solely on dietary fatty acid profiles. Conclusions: In the controlled feeding trial, subjects displayed no improvement in the markers of the metabolic syndrome after following a walnut or unsalted cashew nut diet compared to a control diet while maintaining body weight (8 weeks). Finally, we suspect that the dramatic increase in insulin resistance may have masked the protective effects of the walnut and cashew nut diets in our subjects with the metabolic syndrome Further research is warranted before a consensus can be reached. From the systematic review it was concluded that the consumption of ≈50-100g (≈1.5-3.5 servings) of nuts five or more times/week as part of a heart-healthy diet with total fat content (high in mono- and /or polyunsaturated fatty acids) of ≈ 35% of energy may significantly decrease TC and LDL-C in normo- and hyperlipidemic individuals. Recommendations: A similar nut controlled feeding trial with some form of calorie restriction, should be done on participants having the metabolic syndrome. Future research should use randomized controlled studies with larger sample sizes and longer duration to investigate the effects of nuts on HDL-C and TG concentrations. Also, studies should investigate the effects on the lipid profile of mixed nuts and those individual nuts not yet considered. In addition, the unique nutrient and non-nutrient composition of nuts requires further research in order to elucidate the possible mechanisms responsible for the LDL-C lowering effect / Thesis (Ph.D. (Nutrition))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1997. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [83]-113).

Thesis (Ph.D. in Clinical Sciences) -- University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-112). Free to UCDHSC affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-09T13:52:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-11-14. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-12-09T13:55:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000868038.pdf: 1649655 bytes, checksum: 4760b9c9cdcf50e56c43d01f7ddc872b (MD5) / As dislipidemias são doenças que predispõe em longo prazo à aterosclerose e aterotrombose. Idosos apresentam predisposição para dislipidemias e estas aparecem devido a co-morbidades. Tem sido relatado que a Atenção Farmacêutica pode contribuir para o controle das dislipidemias e de outros fatores de risco para aterosclerose. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar seguimento farmacoterapêutico em idosos portadores de dislipidemias a fim de promover controle dos níveis séricos de colesterol (total e frações) e reduzir fatores de risco a fim de diminuir eventos ateroscleróticos. Trata-se de um estudo piloto, do tipo experimental, de ensaio clínico, randomizado com 187 idosos com idade acima de 60 anos e que residiam em duas Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos no município de Araraquara - SP, no período entre setembro de 2013 a fevereiro de 2014. O modelo de atenção farmacêutica utilizado foi o Pharmacist's Workup of Drugs Therapy da Universidade de Minnesota. A amostra foi randomizada em grupo controle, que recebeu apenas cuidados médicos habituais e grupo intervenção, que além dos cuidados médicos recebeu acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico. A fim de avaliar a efetividade do seguimento farmacoterapêutico, foram determinados parâmetros clínicos (glicemia, hemoglobina glicada, pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca, circunferência abdominal, colesterol total, LDL, HDL, triglicérides, Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC) e Risco de Framingham). Dos 187 participantes, 119 idosos foram diagnosticados com dislipidemias, sendo o HDL baixo em associação com outro tipo de dislipidemia o mais prevalente. Os 119 pacientes foram randomizados, 60 no grupo intervenção e 59 no grupo controle. No grupo que recebeu a intervenção, foram encontrados 108 problemas relacionados aos medicamentos, sendo o problema sobre segurança... / Dyslipidemia is a disorder that predispose to atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis. Elderly are predisposed to dyslipidemia and these appear due to comorbidities. It has been reported that pharmaceutical care can contribute to the control of dyslipidemia and other risk factors for atherosclerosis. The objective of this study was to do pharmaceutical care in elderly patients with dyslipidemia to promote control of cholesterol (total and fractions) and to reduce other risk factors to decrease atherosclerotic events. This is a pilot study, experimental type, randomized, of 187 elderly with aged over 60 years, who were living in two Institutions for elderlies in the city of Araraquara SP, in the period between September 2013 to February 2014. The model of pharmaceutical care was used Pharmacist's workup of Drugs Therapy at the University of Minnesota. The sample was randomized into a control group that received usual medical care and intervention group, which in addition to the medical care received pharmacotherapy follow-up. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy follow-up, clinical parameters were collected (blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, heart rate, waist circumference, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, Body Mass Index(BMI) and Framingham Risk). Of the 187 participants, 119 were diagnosed with dyslipidemia, and low HDL association with other type of dyslipidemia was in the most prevalent . The 119 patients were randomized, 60 in the intervention group and 59 in the control group. In the group that received the intervention, 108 drug related problems were found, and the problem of security as found because many prescriptions drugs potentially inappropriate for the elderly. 179 pharmaceutical interventions were conducted, about education-related health interventions on non-pharmacological treatment of dyslipidemia ...

Orientador: Jean Leandro dos Santos / Banca: Luciane Alves Moreira Marques / Banca: Thaís Borges césar / Resumo: As dislipidemias são doenças que predispõe em longo prazo à aterosclerose e aterotrombose. Idosos apresentam predisposição para dislipidemias e estas aparecem devido a co-morbidades. Tem sido relatado que a Atenção Farmacêutica pode contribuir para o controle das dislipidemias e de outros fatores de risco para aterosclerose. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar seguimento farmacoterapêutico em idosos portadores de dislipidemias a fim de promover controle dos níveis séricos de colesterol (total e frações) e reduzir fatores de risco a fim de diminuir eventos ateroscleróticos. Trata-se de um estudo piloto, do tipo experimental, de ensaio clínico, randomizado com 187 idosos com idade acima de 60 anos e que residiam em duas Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos no município de Araraquara - SP, no período entre setembro de 2013 a fevereiro de 2014. O modelo de atenção farmacêutica utilizado foi o Pharmacist's Workup of Drugs Therapy da Universidade de Minnesota. A amostra foi randomizada em grupo controle, que recebeu apenas cuidados médicos habituais e grupo intervenção, que além dos cuidados médicos recebeu acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico. A fim de avaliar a efetividade do seguimento farmacoterapêutico, foram determinados parâmetros clínicos (glicemia, hemoglobina glicada, pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca, circunferência abdominal, colesterol total, LDL, HDL, triglicérides, Índice de Massa Corpórea (IMC) e Risco de Framingham). Dos 187 participantes, 119 idosos foram diagnosticados com dislipidemias, sendo o HDL baixo em associação com outro tipo de dislipidemia o mais prevalente. Os 119 pacientes foram randomizados, 60 no grupo intervenção e 59 no grupo controle. No grupo que recebeu a intervenção, foram encontrados 108 problemas relacionados aos medicamentos, sendo o problema sobre segurança... / Abstract: Dyslipidemia is a disorder that predispose to atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis. Elderly are predisposed to dyslipidemia and these appear due to comorbidities. It has been reported that pharmaceutical care can contribute to the control of dyslipidemia and other risk factors for atherosclerosis. The objective of this study was to do pharmaceutical care in elderly patients with dyslipidemia to promote control of cholesterol (total and fractions) and to reduce other risk factors to decrease atherosclerotic events. This is a pilot study, experimental type, randomized, of 187 elderly with aged over 60 years, who were living in two Institutions for elderlies in the city of Araraquara SP, in the period between September 2013 to February 2014. The model of pharmaceutical care was used Pharmacist's workup of Drugs Therapy at the University of Minnesota. The sample was randomized into a control group that received usual medical care and intervention group, which in addition to the medical care received pharmacotherapy follow-up. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy follow-up, clinical parameters were collected (blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, heart rate, waist circumference, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, Body Mass Index(BMI) and Framingham Risk). Of the 187 participants, 119 were diagnosed with dyslipidemia, and low HDL association with other type of dyslipidemia was in the most prevalent . The 119 patients were randomized, 60 in the intervention group and 59 in the control group. In the group that received the intervention, 108 drug related problems were found, and the problem of security as found because many prescriptions drugs potentially inappropriate for the elderly. 179 pharmaceutical interventions were conducted, about education-related health interventions on non-pharmacological treatment of dyslipidemia ... / Mestre

Orientador: Dora Maria Grassi-Kassisse / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T08:09:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moreira_MariliaFrancisco_M.pdf: 1378785 bytes, checksum: dcaf29a0a3f00f96318d03ee2362989c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Lipídios provenientes da dieta têm um importante efeito no sistema de sinalização transmembrana presente nas células cardíacas. Um vez ingeridos em excesso ocorre aumento no conteúdo de colesterol na membrana da célula cardíaca o qual afeta a atividade da adelilil ciclase ligada ao receptor ß e conseqüentemente as respostas cronotrópicas e inotrópicas às catecolaminas causando arritmogênese. O objetivo desta tese foi analisar os efeitos de sessões de natação com o objetivo de prevenir os efeitos de dieta hiperlipídica sobre a sensibilidade de átrios direitos isolados a agonistas adrenérgicos. Ratos Wistar machos adultos foram usados após uma semana de adaptação em salas climatizadas 22±2ºC e com ciclo claro-escuro de 12 h (luzes acendendo as 6:30 da manhã). Os experimentos foram realizados de acordo com os princípios para utilização de animais em pesquisa e educação e adotado pelo COBEA (Colégio Brasileiro de Experimentação Animal). Os animais foram randomicamente divididos em dois grupos, sedentários (S) e que praticaram exercício (T). O exercício constou de sessões de natação na freqüência de 5 dias na semana com 50 minutos de duração durante 20 dias (4x5 dias) em tanque de água com temperatura de 34 ± 2oC. Estes dois grupos foram ainda subdivididos em 2 subgrupos, o que recebia ração padrão (N) e outro que recebia a dieta rica em lipídios (H). O átrio direito foi isolado e curvas cumulativas dose-resposta a noradrenalina (NA) e isoprenalina (ISO) foram obtidas, na ausência ou presença de inibição da recaptação neuronal e extraneuronal. Não houve alteração na freqüência cardíaca basal ou resposta máxima aos agonistas nos átrios isolados dos diferentes grupos experimentais (NS, NT, HS e HT). O programa de exercício físico proposto induziu em ratos que ingeriram dieta padrão uma subsensibilidade à noradrenalina e uma supersensibilidade a isoprenalina. Os átrios direitos isolados de ratos sedentários que ingeriram dieta rica em lipídios apresentaram, após quatro semanas, subsensibilidade a noradrenalina e nenhuma alteração na sensibilidade a isoprenalina. A associação da dieta rica em lipídios com o programa de exercício físico preveniu as alterações observadas tanto pela dieta hiperlipídica como pelo programa de exercício isoladamente. Os valores pD2 para NA foram: 7,44±0,09 (NS); 6,65±0,17* (HS); 6,52±0,25* (NT); 7,15±0,04**# (HT) e para ISO foram: 8,37±0,12 (NS); 8,52±0,10 (HS); 8,94±0,09* (NT); 8,55±0,08 (HT). Onde as diferenças significativas (p<0.05 ANOVA seguida de Tukey) foram indicadas como segue: * vs NS; ** vs NT, # vs HS. Este programa de exercício físico induziu alterações na resposta atrial semelhantes àquelas observadas no modelo de choques nas patas (três sessões diárias), ou seja, diminuição na resposta mediada pelos adrenoceptores ß1 (NA) e aumento na resposta mediada pelo adrenoceptor ß2 (ISO). A dieta hiperlipídica oferecida aos ratos durante 4 semanas induziu subsensibilidade a noradrenalina e esta resposta é provavelmente devida a alterações na membrana lipídica e alta atividade adrenérgica relatada neste modelo animal. O motivo da ausência de alterações cardíacas quando da associação dieta hiperlipídica e exercício físico precisa sem investigado / Abstract: Dietary lipids has an important effect on transmembrane signaling system in the heart increasing the cardiac membrane cholesterol content, which in time affect ß-adrenoceptor/adenylyl cyclase activity and the inotropic and chronotropic responses to catecholamines causing arrhytmogenesis.The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of swimming, to prevent the effects of high fat-CHO diet on the sensitivity to adrenergic agonists in rat isolated right atria. Adult male Wistar rats were used after one week of adaptation in acclimated room at 22±2ºC and 12h light-dark cycle (lights on at 6:30 a.m.). The experiments were carried out in accordance with the principles for the use of animals in research and education and adopted by COBEA (Brazilian College for Animal Experimentation). The animals were randomly divided into two groups, sedentary (S) and exercised (T) with a swimming sessions, 5 days a week (50 min. session) during 20 days (4x5 days) in a water glass tank with temperature at 34 ± 2oC. These two groups were divided into two subgroups; one of them fed a standard chow (N) and the other, a high fat-CHO diet (H). The atrium was isolated as described before and cumulative concentration-response curves to noradrenaline (NA) and isoprenaline (ISO) were obtained, in the absence or presence of inhibitors of neuronal and extraneuronal uptake. There was no alteration in the basal heart rate or maximal response to the agonists in isolated atria rats from different groups (NS, NT, HS and HT). The physical exercise program in rats fed with standard chow induced right atria subsensitivity to noradrenaline and supersensitivity to isoprenaline. Atria isolated from rats fed with high fat-CHO diet showed subsensitivity to noradrenaline and no alterations on the sensitivity to isoprenaline. Association of high fat-CHO diet and this physical exercise program prevented the alterations induced by the diet or the exercise values were: 7.44±0.09 (NS); 6.65±0.17* (HS); 6.52±0.25* (NT), 7.15±0.04**(HT) and ISO pDprograms alone. The NA pD2 # 2 values were: 8.37±0.12 (NS); 8.52±0.10 (HS); 8.94±0.09* (NT), 8.55±0.08 (HT). Significant differences (p<0.05 ANOVA plus Tukey test) were indicated as follows: *compared to the NS group, **compared to the NT group, #compared to the HS group. The uptake inhibition did not alter the responses obtained. This exercise program induced alterations in the right atria response similar to those induced by foot shock stress, it means, decrease on ß1-adrenoceptor mediated (NA) response and increase on ß2-adrenoceptor mediated (ISO) response. High fat-CHO diet offered during four weeks induced subsensitivity to noradrenaline, this response is probably due to alterations on the lipid membrane content and high adrenergic activity reported in this animal model. The absence of effects on atria response observed in rats submitted to high fat-CHO diet and exercise program needs to be investigated. / Mestrado / Fisiologia / Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

A hiperlipemia causa sérias complicações aos equinos hospitalizados, principalmente quando associada ao estresse, doenças e traumas. Tratamentos convencionais com soluções de heparina, glicose a 5%, insulina, entre outras, têm sido utilizados em equídeos predispostos, mas são questionados quanto ao seu real efeito. O interesse e as pesquisas em relação à utilização da nutrição clínica no equino, em especial a nutrição parenteral, vêm crescendo. Sua ação visa evitar a doença e o catabolismo através da regulação do balanço energético negativo, inclusive servindo de adjuvante às terapias já implementadas no tratamento da doença primária, fornecendo o requerimento básico nutricional para a manutenção e recuperação do organismo. Para avaliar a eficácia das soluções de nutrição parenteral em equinos que desenvolveram hiperlipidemia durante a internação, foram avaliados 14 equinos atendidos com afecções diversas e que apresentaram triglicérides séricos (TG) acima de 150mg/dl. Os mesmo foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo controle (G1), sem interferência do manejo e grupo tratamento (G2), que recebeu nutrição parenteral parcial sem lipídeos. Tais soluções eram compostas de glicose a 50%, aminoácido a 10%, oligoelementos, complexo vitamínico e eletrólitos e foram infundidas até a resolução da hiperlipidemia. Os animais dos dois grupos foram monitorados diariamente em relação aos valores de glicemia, triglicérides e colesterol. A média do tempo de redução dos TG no G1 foi de 209,2 ± 131,9 horas e no G2 foi de 34,9 ± 41,8 horas, com diferença estatística entre eles. Os valores de colesterol não acompanharam a elevação dos TG. Em relação à perda de peso e escore corporal, os dois grupos apresentaram redução durante a internação, sem diferença estatística entre eles. Nenhum animal do G2 desenvolveu hiperlipemia, ao contrário do G1, em que cinco equinos apresentaram, em algum momento da internação, triglicérides acima de 500mg/dl. Embora outros critérios devam ser utilizados na escolha dos pacientes que necessitam deste tipo de tratamento devido principalmente aos custos e necessidade de constante monitorização, conclui-se que a nutrição parenteral é um método rápido e seguro para a prevenção da hiperlipemia em equinos com hiperlipidemia durante a internação por outras enfermidades. / The hyperlipemia cause serious complications for hospitalized horses, especially when associated with stress, diseases and traumas. Conventional treatments with solutions of heparin, 5% glucose, insulin, among others, have been used in susceptible equine, but they are asked about their real purpose. The interest and research on the use of clinical nutrition in the horse, especially parenteral nutrition, growing. Its action is to avoid disease and catabolism by regulating the negative energy balance, including serving as adjuvant therapies have been implemented in the treatment of primary disease, providing the basic nutritional requirement for the maintenance and recovery of the body. To evaluate the effectiveness of parenteral nutrition solutions in horses that developed hyperlipidemia during hospitalization were evaluated 14 horses treated for various diseases and who had serum triglycerides (TG) above 150mg/dl. The same were divided into two groups: control group (G1), without interference from management and treatment group (G2), which received partial parenteral nutrition without lipids. Such solutions were composed of 50% glucose, 10% amino acid, trace elements, electrolytes and vitamin and were infused until resolution of hyperlipidemia. The animals of both groups were monitored daily in relation to blood glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol. The median reduction in TG G1 was 209.2 ± 131.9 hours and G2 was 34.9 ± 41.8 hours, with no statistical difference between them. Cholesterol values did not follow the elevation of TG. In relation to weight loss and body score, both groups decreased during hospitalization, with no statistical difference between them. No animals developed hyperlipidemia G2, unlike the G1, in which five horses had, at some time in hospital, triglycerides greater than 500mg/dl. Although other criteria should be used to select patients in need of such treatment primarily due to cost and the need for constant monitoring, it is concluded that parenteral nutrition is a rapid and reliable method for the prevention of hyperlipemia with hyperlipidemia in horses during the hospitalization for other diseases.

Orientador: José Angelo Camilli / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T19:59:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Soares_EveliseAline_D.pdf: 3197082 bytes, checksum: ca95784093e801f419ec02ca8aea5020 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Introdução: O tecido ósseo pode sofrer alterações em suas propriedades bioquímicas, morfológicas, bioquímicas e biomecânicas sob a influência de determinadas doenças. Níveis elevados de colesterol e hiperlipidemia podem causar alterações no osso, comprometendo a osteogênese e resistência mecânica. A sinvastatina é um medicamento do grupo de estatinas mais comumente utilizado para o tratamento d hiperlipidemia, reduzindo o nível de colesterol. Além disso, estudos com estatinas têm demonstrado bons resultados na prevenção e tratamento da osteoporose. Objetivos: Avaliar o efeito da hiperlipidemia e da utilização de sinvastatina sobre as propriedades biomecânicas, a estrutura do osso cortical e trabecular e osteogênese em camundongos LDLr(-/-) e selvagens. Métodos: Neste estudo foram utilizados camundongos do tipo selvagem (C57BL6) (Grupo W) e camundongos homozigotos para a ausência do gene receptor LDL (LDLr-/-) (Grupo L), todos do sexo masculino com 3 meses de idade. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos experimentais, que foram subdivididos em quatro grupos de 12 animais cada: Experimento I (grupo W - ração padrão; Grupo WH - dieta hiperlipídica; Grupo L - ração padrão e Grupo LH - dieta hiperlipídica) e Experimento II tratados com sinvastatina (S) (Grupo WS - ração padrão; Grupo WHS - dieta hiperlipídica; Grupo LS - ração padrão e Grupo LHS - dieta hiperlipídica). Após 15 dias de experimentação um defeito ósseo de 3mm de diâmetro foi produzida cirurgicamente no osso parietal direito em cada animal. No final de 60 dias de experimentação os animais foram sacrificados. O sangue foi coletado e os fêmures e o osso parietal direito foram retirados para estudo histológico e mecânico. Resultados: Os dados obtidos neste estudo originou três artigos. O primeiro artigo "Efeitos da hiperlipidemia sobre as propriedades biomecânicas e morfológicas do fêmur de camundongos LDLr(-/-)" aceito para publicação no Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, o segundo "Efeitos da sinvastatina sobre as propriedades morfométricas e mecânicas no fêmur de camundongos" formatado para submissão ao Journal of Orthopaedic Research e o terceiro artigo "Efeitos da hiperlipidemia e sinvastatina na reparação óssea de defeitos na calvária de camundongos LDLr-/-" esta sendo preparado para a publicação. Conclusão: A dieta hiperlipídica causa alterações na integridade óssea e que o uso da sinvastatina foi eficaz para preservar as propriedades biomecânicas do fêmur nos animais tratados com dieta comercial, no entanto, seu efeito sobre o tecido ósseo pode ser comprometido pela ingestão de uma dieta rica em gorduras. A osteogênese foi restrita nos camundongos LDLr-/-, principalmente nos grupos alimentados com dieta rica em gorduras / Abstract: Introduction: The bone tissue can suffer alterations in their biochemical morphological and biomechanical properties under influence of certain diseases. High levels of cholesterol and hyperlipidemia can cause changes in the bone, compromising osteogenesis and mechanical strength. The simvastatin is a drug of the statins group most commonly used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, reducing the cholesterol level. Additionally, studies with statins have demonstrated good result in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Objectives: Evaluate the effect of hyperlipidemia and the use of simvastatin on the biomechanical properties, structure of cortical and trabecular bone and osteogeneses in LDLr(-/-) and wild-type mice. Methods: In this study were used wild-type (W) mice (C57BL6) and homozygous mice for the absence of the LDL receptor gene LDLr-/- (L), all male with 3 months of age. The animals were divided into two experimental groups that were subdivided into four groups of 12 animals each: Experiment I (Group W - standard ration; Group WH - high-fat diet; Group L - standard ration; Group LH - high-fat diet) and Experiment II with simvastatin (S) (Group WS - standard ration; Group WHS - high-fat diet; Group LS - standard ration; Group LHS - high-fat diet). After 15 days of experimentation a bone defect measuring 3mm in diameter was surgically produced in the right parietal bone in each animal. At the end of 60 days of experimentation the animals were euthanatized. Blood was collected and the femurs and the right parietal bone were removed for mechanical and histological study. Results: The data obtained in this study originated three articles. The first article "Effect of hyperlipidemia on femoral biomechanics and morphology in LDLr-/- mice" was accepted for publication in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, the second "Effects of simvastatin on morphometric and mechanical properties in the femur of mice" was submitted to Journal of Orthopaedic Research and the third article "Effect of hyperlipidemia and simvastatin on bone repair of the calvaria of the LDLr-/- mice" is being prepared for publication. Conclusions: The high-fat diet caused alteration in bone integrity and the treatment with simvastatin was effective in preserving the biomechanical properties and structure of the femur in the animals treated with low-fat diet, however, its effect on bone tissue can be compromised by a high-fat diet. Osteogenesis was reduced in LDLr-/- mice, especially in the high-fat diet groups / Doutorado / Anatomia / Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural