Background IKEA Communications (ICOM) is IKEA’s communication company which creates communication tools, such as the IKEA catalogue and brochures. The company also functions as IKEA’s internal communication agency. In 2008, ICOM went through a reorganization adopting a matrix structure. This imposes challenges since the employees report to different leaders in different situations. The competence leaders (CL) have the traditional staffing responsibility while project leaders (PL) are the operating leaders and responsible for leading the projects. Purpose We will investigate how the leadership in terms of role clarification and area of responsibility of the CLs can be made more distinct in relation to their employees. Second, we investigate how the relationship between PLs and CLs can be further developed in terms of feedback. This involves sharing employee performance review and individual development after a project as well as how the CL can conduct employee performance review meetings. Method The study was performed with a qualitative method. A number of 13 semi-structured interviews were conducted with employees and leaders at the production department at ICOM. Conclusion Two areas of development have been identified at ICOM. It is evident employees are confused regarding the CL’s role and area of responsibility. The role of the CLs is clear in theory but not in practice. Hence, the first area of development is to increase the distinction of CL’s leadership in terms clarifying their role and responsibility. The study also discovered there is no common feedback routine used between PL and CL where they exchange information regarding employee’s performance within a project. The second area of development is regarding the usage of a structured feedback routine for providing this information.

<p><strong>Background </strong></p><p>IKEA Communications (ICOM) is IKEA’s communication company which creates communication tools, such as the IKEA catalogue and brochures. The company also functions as IKEA’s internal communication agency. In 2008, ICOM went through a reorganization adopting a matrix structure. This imposes challenges since the employees report to different leaders in different situations. The competence leaders (CL) have the traditional staffing responsibility while project leaders (PL) are the operating leaders and responsible for leading the projects.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Purpose </strong></p><p><strong></strong>We will investigate how the leadership in terms of role clarification and area of responsibility of the CLs can be made more distinct in relation to their employees. Second, we investigate how the relationship between PLs and CLs can be further developed in terms of feedback. This involves sharing employee performance review and individual development after a project as well as how the CL can conduct employee performance review meetings.</p><p><strong>Method </strong></p><p><strong></strong>The study was performed with a qualitative method. A number of 13 semi-structured interviews were conducted with employees and leaders at the production department at ICOM.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong></p><p>Two areas of development have been identified at ICOM. It is evident employees are confused regarding the CL’s role and area of responsibility. The role of the CLs is clear in theory but not in practice. Hence, the first area of development is to increase the distinction of CL’s leadership in terms clarifying their role and responsibility. The study also discovered there is no common feedback routine used between PL and CL where they exchange information regarding employee’s performance within a project. The second area of development is regarding the usage of a structured feedback routine for providing this information.</p>

In this thesis, we propose a ubiquitous and interoperable device based on the smart card architecture to meet the challenges of privacy, trust, and security for traditional and emerging technologies like personal computers, smart phones and tablets. Such a device is referred as User Centric Tamper-Resistant Device (UCTD). To support the smart card architecture for the UCTD initiative, we propose the delegation of smart card ownership from a stringent centralised authority (i.e. the card issuer) to users. This delegation mandated the review of existing smart card mechanisms and their adequate modifications/improvements. Since the inception of smart card technology, the most prevalent ownership model in the smart card industry has been the Issuer Centric Smart Card Ownership Model (ICOM). The ICOM has no doubt played a pivotal role in the proliferation of the technology into various segments of modern life. However, it has been a barrier to the convergence of different services on a smart card. In addition, it might be considered as a hurdle to the adaption of smart card technology into a general-purpose security device. To avoid these issues, we propose citizen ownership of smart cards, referred as the User Centric Smart Card Ownership Model (UCOM). Contrary to the ICOM, it gives the power of decision to install or delete an application on a smart card to its user. The ownership of corresponding applications remains with their respective application providers along with the choice to lease their application to a card or not. In addition, based on the UCOM framework, we also proposed the Coopetitive Architecture for Smart Cards (CASC) that merges the centralised control of card issuers with the provision of application choice to the card user. In the core of the thesis, we analyse the suitability of the existing smart card architectures for the UCOM. This leads to the proposal of three major contributions spanning the smart card architecture, the application management framework, and the execution environment. Furthermore, we propose protocols for the application installation mechanism and the application sharing mechanism (i.e. smart card firewall). In addition to this, we propose a framework for backing-up, migrating, and restoring the smart card contents. Finally, we provide the test implementation results of the proposed protocols along with their performance measures. The protocols are then compared in terms of features and performance with existing smart cards and internet protocols. In order to provide a more detailed analysis of proposed protocols and for the sake of completeness, we performed mechanical formal analysis using the CasperFDR.

Abstract: This master thesis focuses on ICOM transport a.s. company, mainly on it´s international freight transport department. Goals of this master thesis are description of dispatcher´s daily work, indentifying problems and finding solutions that would lead to reducing costs or increasing company efficiency.

Im vorliegenden Beitrag „In der Börse, am Hain und im Museum. Friktionen Urbaner Praxis im Ausstellen von Stadtgeschichte“ wird anhand künstlerisch-kuratorischer Kooperationen mit dem Stadtgeschichtlichen Museum Leipzig beschrieben, inwiefern auch museale Institutionen Räume Urbaner Praxis darstellen und maßgeblich verantwortlich dafür sind, wie städtischer Raum gelesen und gestaltet wird. Als öffentliche Institutionen haben Museen Zugriff auf Räume im Sinne einer Dynamisierung in der Zeit und „verwalten“ gleichzeitig mit den Archiven und Sammlungen deren Zugänglichkeit und das Wissen über deren bisherige Vorstrukturierung, Besetzung und Prägung. Anhand zweier Beispiele, einer performativen Intervention in der Alten Handelsbörse Leipzig und einer künstlerischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem Richard-Wagner-Hain, wird die Verschränkung von Historie und Gegenwart städtischer Räume mit aktuellen Fragen einer demokratischen Gesellschaft beschrieben.

À l’interface terre/mer et nature/société, les littoraux sont des territoires complexes et très attractifs où se déploient divers usages et pratiques qui génèrent de nombreux conflits et dégradations. Il existe aujourd’hui un consensus global quant à la nécessité de préserver ces espaces et la biodiversité qu’ils abritent. Depuis plusieurs décennies, c’est la gestion intégrée de la mer et du littoral (GIML) qui est prônée à l’échelle internationale comme la solution pour répondre aux problématiques rencontrées sur les zones côtières. L’approche s’inscrit dans la démarche du développement durable et elle tente de réconcilier l’usage des ressources et la conservation de la biodiversité. Une profusion de projets a vu le jour un peu partout à travers le monde et beaucoup de moyens humains et financiers ont été mobilisés à cet effet. Mais elle rencontre des difficultés importantes aussi bien dans sa mise en pratique que dans son évaluation. Or ce dernier point est largement reconnu comme un outil indispensable dans la planification et la gestion des projets et des programmes. Cette thèse propose donc une méthode d’élaboration d’indicateurs pour le suivi et l’évaluation des politiques de GIML qui permet d’apprécier les écarts entre les ambitions de protection de l’environnement, de développement économique et de bien-être social qui sous-tendent l’approche et les actions réalisées sur le terrain. Pour ce faire, quatre études de cas dans la Caraïbe ont été choisies. Il s’agit du Parc marin de Saba, de la Soufrière Marine Management Area (Sainte-Lucie), du groupe Nature Seekers (Trinidad) et du contrat de baie de Fort-de-France (Martinique). Ces expériences sont toutes citées comme des réussites en termes de gestion intégrée du littoral et comme des exemples à suivre. Mais répondent-elles réellement aux objectifs de la démarche ? La grille d’analyse proposée permet d’avoir une autre lecture des résultats de ces processus et de tirer des enseignements plus généraux pour la mise en pratique de la GIML. / At the interface of land and sea, and at the interface of nature and society, coastal areas are complex and very attractive territories where diverse uses and practices generate many conflicts and degradations. There is now a global consensus on the need to preserve these areas and their biodiversity. For several decades, Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management (ICOM) has been advocated internationally as the approach to address the problems encountered in coastal areas. The approach is a key paradigm for the sustainable development of coastal zones and it tries to reconcile the use of resources with the conservation of biodiversity. A large number of projects have been implemented around the world and many human and financial resources have been mobilized for this purpose. But ICOM implementation and evaluation remain much of a challenge. This last point is widely recognized as an indispensable tool in project and program planning and management. This thesis therefore proposes a methodology for the development of indicators for the monitoring and evaluation of GIML initiatives, which makes it possible to appreciate the gaps between ambitions for environmental protection, economic development and social welfare. Underpin the approach and the actions carried out on the ground. To do so, four case studies in the Caribbean were selected. These include the Saba Marine Park, the Soufrière Marine Management Area (Saint Lucia), the Nature Seekers Group (Trinidad) and the ‘Contrat de baie’ of Fort-de-France (Martinique). These experiences are all cited as success stories in terms of integrated coastal management and as examples to follow. But do they really respond to the objectives of the approach? The proposed analysis grid provides a further reading of the results of these processes and provides more general lessons for the implementation of GIML.