The goal of thesis "nursing care of patients with implemented intracranial sensor" was to analyze nursing care of patients on neurosurgical and critical care units in hospitals of the capital city of Prague. Main objectives were to understand whether there are nursing standards for "Nursing care for patients with established intracranial sensor", how nurses care for patients with increased intracranial pressure, if they have an experience with complications with patients with implemented ICP sensor and finally if they know the main complications that can potentially occur. The theoretical part describes the most common causes of brain damage and associated causes of intracranial hypertension, summarizes the types of sensors for monitoring intracranial pressure and ways of their implementation. It also deals with the specifics of nursing care associated with monitoring of intracranial hypertension. Quantitative research was chosen as methodology for this work. Data for the research was collected through anonymous questionnaire with nursing staff. The result was a finding that none of the cooperating departments have prepared a standard of nursing care for patients with an implemented ICP sensor, and that the majority of interviewed staff were not able to answer correctly if that standard in their...

abstract: The recording of biosignals enables physicians to correctly diagnose diseases and prescribe treatment. Existing wireless systems failed to effectively replace the conventional wired methods due to their large sizes, high power consumption, and the need to replace batteries. This thesis aims to alleviate these issues by presenting a series of wireless fully-passive sensors for the acquisition of biosignals: including neuropotential, biopotential, intracranial pressure (ICP), in addition to a stimulator for the pacing of engineered cardiac cells. In contrast to existing wireless biosignal recording systems, the proposed wireless sensors do not contain batteries or high-power electronics such as amplifiers or digital circuitries. Instead, the RFID tag-like sensors utilize a unique radiofrequency (RF) backscattering mechanism to enable wireless and battery-free telemetry of biosignals with extremely low power consumption. This characteristic minimizes the risk of heat-induced tissue damage and avoids the need to use any transcranial/transcutaneous wires, and thus significantly enhances long-term safety and reliability. For neuropotential recording, a small (9mm x 8mm), biocompatible, and flexible wireless recorder is developed and verified by in vivo acquisition of two types of neural signals, the somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) and interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs). For wireless multichannel neural recording, a novel time-multiplexed multichannel recording method based on an inductor-capacitor delay circuit is presented and tested, realizing simultaneous wireless recording from 11 channels in a completely passive manner. For biopotential recording, a wearable and flexible wireless sensor is developed, achieving real-time wireless acquisition of ECG, EMG, and EOG signals. For ICP monitoring, a very small (5mm x 4mm) wireless ICP sensor is designed and verified both in vitro through a benchtop setup and in vivo through real-time ICP recording in rats. Finally, for cardiac cell stimulation, a flexible wireless passive stimulator, capable of delivering stimulation current as high as 60 mA, is developed, demonstrating successful control over the contraction of engineered cardiac cells. The studies conducted in this thesis provide information and guidance for future translation of wireless fully-passive telemetry methods into actual clinical application, especially in the field of implantable and wearable electronics. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2020

Flexible and stretchable wearable biomedical devices provide a platform for continues long-term monitoring of biological signals during neutral body movements thus enabling early intervention and diagnostics of various diseases. This thesis evaluates novel flexible and stretchable bio interfacing medical devices based on microneedle patches and split ring resonator for healthcare diagnostics. Flexible and stretchable microneedle patches were realized by integrating a soft polymer substrate with sharp stainless steel microneedles. This was realized using a magnetic assembly technique. Investigations have shown that the flexible microneedle patch can provide conformal and reliable contact with wrinkles and deformations of the skin. In addition, transdermal monitoring of potassium ions using the proposed flexible microneedle patch have been demonstrated by coating the microneedles with a potassium sensing membrane. Ex-vivo test on the microneedle potassium sensor performed on chicken and porcine skin was able to detect change in potassium concentration in the skin. Furthermore, a novel flexible bio-interface spilt ring resonator (SRR) for the monitoring of intera cranial pressure (ICP) is demonstrated. The sensor was fabricated by depositing a 500 nm gold film on a thermoset thiolene epoxy polymer substrate. The flexible sensor was able to clearly detect the pressure variation that might be an indication of increased ICP in the skull. The proposed methodology of heterogeneous integration of hard materials on a soft and flexible substrate demonstrates a first proof of concept of flexible wearable bio-interfacing devices with vastly different material properties with the potential for continuous and real-time health monitoring. / <p>QC 20190306</p>

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2019-03-25T11:56:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jeferson Cardoso do Rosario_.pdf: 3523684 bytes, checksum: 6d033c623e7ef74a93692efd6ca37e8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-25T11:56:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jeferson Cardoso do Rosario_.pdf: 3523684 bytes, checksum: 6d033c623e7ef74a93692efd6ca37e8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-01-18 / Nenhuma / O traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) é atualmente a terceira maior causa de óbitos no âmbito mundial. Estudos recentes têm demonstrado que a monitorização de pressão intracraniana (PIC), como forma de cálculo da pressão de perfusão cerebral (PPC) é uma ferramenta importante para avaliação do fluxo sanguíneo cerebral (FSC), provocando sensível redução nas taxas de mortalidade. Além do TCE, outras patologias ou situações neurocirúrgicas tem utilizado a técnica de monitorização de PIC. A monitorização desse parâmetro foi proposta já na década de 50, onde um tubo com fluido em contato com o líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) era introduzido no espaço intracraniano e conectado a um transdutor de pressão externo. Com a evolução da indústria microeletrônica e dos sistemas microeletromecânicos, foi possível colocar os transdutores na ponta do cateter, permitindo uma monitorização menos invasiva, com menos riscos de infecções. Os cateteres atuais com micro transdutor na ponta podem ser divididos em três grupo: straingauge, fibra óptica e pneumático. Cada grupo possui suas características, entretanto o primeiro tem se demonstrado como solução mais robusta e confiável, com boa relação custo benefício. No presente trabalho foi proposto o desenvolvimento de um cateter implantável de monitorização de pressão intracraniana do tipo micro transdutor strain-gauge. Foram construídos protótipos funcionais e submetidos a ensaios de desempenho, especificados em norma técnica para monitorização de pressão sanguínea, a influência da temperatura na medição de pressão, bem como a exatidão das medições. Os processos empregados no trabalho são utilizados comumente na indústria de encapsulamento de semicondutores, porém foram levadas em consideração as especificidades da aplicação, adequando as técnicas disponíveis às geometrias e materiais empregados, considerando a necessidade de utilização de materiais biocompatíveis. / The traumatic brain injury (TBI) is nowadays the third cause of death in the world. Recent studies have shown the intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring as an important tool for cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) calculation and cerebral blood flow (CBF) assestment, reducing significantly the mortality statistics. Besides TBI, several others pathologies and neurosurgery conditions have been using the ICP monitoring technique. The proposal of ICP monitoring first appeared on the 50’s, where a tube fulfilled with fluid in contact with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was introduced into the intracranial space and connected to an external pressure transducer. With the waves of the microelectronics and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) industry evolution, it was possible to put the transducer and all the electronics inside the catheter tip, allowing a less invasive monitoring, decreasing the risk of infection. The state of art catheters with micro transducer on the tip can be divided into three groups: strain-gauge, optical fiber and pneumatic. Each group has it’s own characteristics, however the first has been demonstrated as the rugged solution, being reliable, cost effective and with good accuracy. In the present work, it was proposed the development of an strain-gauge micro transducer implantable catheter for intracranial pressure monitoring. Functional prototypes were built and submitted to performance tests, according to the technical standards in the medical equipment area, the temperature influence over the pressure measurements was evaluated, as well as the accuracy. The adopted processes are commonly used in the semiconductor packaging industry, however it was considered the application special requirements, adapting the processes to the geometry and materials used, considering the needs of biocompatible materials.