The goal of this dissertation is to find out how the ideological position of the British Labour party has changed between 2010 and 2015. This is achieved by content analysis of electoral manifestos for the House of Commons elections of 2010 and 2015. The results are achieved via the MARPOR RILE method. The result of this research serves to verify a theory created by Danish authors Martin Bækgaard and Carsten Jensen who claim that in political systems dominated by two large parties, these big parties react to electoral losses by moving the party from the median voter position towards their party base. This paper implies that the Labour Party has moved to the left on the left-right axis between 2010 and 2015 which means it has moved towards its party base. This means the aforementioned theory has been strengthened. Apart from the empirical result, this work also provides an overview of the party's policies in both points in time. These policies are divided into individual thematic categories.

Der Interdisziplinäre Arbeitskreis Friedensforschung Dresden (IAFD) 1989-1990 - Kurzporträt. Friedenskampf und Ideologie - Vortrag zum 5. Dresdener Kolloquium der Sektion Philosophie und Kulturwissenschaften an der TU-Dresden (30. Juli 1988).:- Ernst Woit, Friedensforschung in Dresden. Der Interdisziplinäre Arbeitskreis Friedensforschung Dresden (IAFD). - Ernst Woit, Friedenskampf heute und das Problem der Ideologie. Vortrag zum 5. Dresdener Kolloquium zu philosphisch-weltanschaulichen Fragen des Friedenskampfes am 30. Juli 1988.

Erinnerungsbericht über die 'Spezialpropaganda' in der Nationalen Volksarmee als Theorie und Praxis einer speziellen Streitkräftepropaganda.:0. Vorbemerkungen: Zielgruppen, Definitionen, Wesensmerkmale. 1. Spezialpropaganda, die in einem möglichen Krieg zum Sieg des Warschauer Vertrages beitragen sollte. 2. Spezialpropaganda, die zur Kriegsverhinderung beitragen sollte.

Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht das Zusammenspiel von politischen Ideologien und sozialen Normen in unterschiedlichen gesellschaftlichen Kontexten und anhand unterschiedlicher Konzeptualisierungen. Im Licht einer wachsenden Open Science Bewegung (Christensen et al., 2020) wird dabei ein besonderer Fokus auf Replikation und transparente Wissenschaftspraxis gelegt (Asendorpf et al., 2013; Open Science Collaboration, 2015). Das erste Projekt Reclaim the Streets testet den Zusammenhang zwischen Kontakterfahrungen mit Migrant:innen Bedrohungswahrnehmung und die Bereitschaft von Majoritätsmitgliedern, Status schützenden Protest gutzuheißen und zu unterstützen. In zwei Studien wurden die postulierten Zusammenhänge unter besonderer Betrachtung der nationalen Identifikation vor dem Hintergrund eines aufgeladenen normativen Klimas der rechtsgerichteten Proteste in Chemnitz 2018 untersucht. Über die beiden Studien zeigen Majoritätsmitglieder aus Chemnitz, die sich stark mit Deutschland identifizieren, einen starken Zusammenhang zwischen negativen Kontakterfahrungen, wahrgenommener Bedrohung durch Migranten und der Intention, statusschützenden Protest zu unterstützen. Dies zeigte sich in einer Stichprobe von Studierenden (Studie 1), in der nationale Identifikation unterschiedlich ausgeprägt war, sowie in einer weiteren Stichprobe von älteren Chemnitzer:innen (Studie 2), die sich hochgradig mit Deutschland identifizierte. In beiden Studien zeigte negativer Kontakt mit Migranten für hoch identifizierte Personen eine starke positive Verbindung mit der Gutheißung und Teilnahmeintention der Proteste. Das zweite Projekt The Extended Contact Asymmetry testet den Zusammenhang zwischen sozialen Normen in Form von positiven und negativen erweiterten Kontakterfahrungen in der Peergruppe und individuellen Intergruppeneinstellungen. Dies geschieht unter der besonderen Beachtung individueller Unterschiede in der Ausprägung einer politischen Ideologie, Autoritarismus. Eine interne Meta-Analyse über die Ergebnisse von 40 Analysen aus acht Datensätzen zeigte, dass positive soziale Normen bei Personen mit hohem Autoritarismus stärker positiv mit Intergruppeneinstellungen verbunden waren als für niedrig Autoritäre. Interessanterweise zeigte sich dieser Effekt nicht bei der Interaktion zwischen Autoritarismus und negativem erweiterten Kontakt, sodass wir hier eine Asymmetrie des erweiterten Kontakts vorschlagen. Darüber hinaus wurde die Wirkung der Subdimensionen von Autoritarismus in dieser Interaktion untersucht. Die besondere Rolle von Autoritärer Unterwürfigkeit konnte jedoch nicht bestätigt werden. Das dritte Projekt If graffiti Changed Anything, it Would Be Illegal testet den Einfluss von politischen Graffiti mit rechten und linken Inhalten auf die Beurteilung von Nachbarschaften und deren Bewohner:innen. Dabei wird der Einfluss der politischen Ideologie der Proband:innen beachtet. Über drei Studien, davon zwei Experimenten (Studie 1 & 3) zeigte sich, dass der Einfluss von politischen Graffiti abhängig von seiner Passung zu den Überzeugungen der Teilnehmer:innen ist. Wir konnten zeigen, dass Nachbarschaften und deren Bewohner abgewertet wurden, wenn die politischen Graffiti nicht den eigenen politischen Überzeugungen entsprachen – Nachbarschaften und deren Bewohner wurden weniger negativ eingeschätzt, wenn die politischen Einstellungen mit den abgebildeten Graffiti übereinstimmten. Studie 3 zeigte darüber hinaus, dass die Wirkung von rechten Graffiti vor allem auf die Bewohner:innen projiziert wird, und diese abgewertet werden – auch hier in Abhängigkeit der politischen Überzeugungen der Probandinnen. Schließlich zeigten die Ergebnisse einer explorativen Analyse, dass rechte Graffiti das Potenzial haben, auch Einstellungen gegenüber Ausländern zu beeinflussen. Zusammenfassend tragen die empirischen Ergebnisse und die theoretischen Annahmen dieser Dissertation dazu bei, ein besseres Verständnis für die Interaktion zwischen sozialen Normen und politischen Ideologien zu erlangen. Sie helfen, Phänomene gesellschaftlicher Relevanz auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen besser einzuordnen und Implikationen daraus abzuleiten, die einen Beitrag zur Bewältigung der Herausforderungen in multikulturellen Gesellschaften ermöglicht. Die Möglichkeiten für zukünftige Forschung werden abgeleitet und diskutiert.:Table of Contents Abstract III Zusammenfassung V Introduction 1 1. Theoretical Framework 7 1.1. Intergroup Climates: Contextual Effects on Intergroup Relations 7 1.2. Social Norms and Their Implication for Intergroup Relations 9 1.2.1. Social Norms in Social Groups 10 1.2.2. Social Norms in the Environment 12 1.3. Political Ideologies 13 1.3.1. Political Ideologies from a Psychological Perspective 14 1.3.2. Political Orientation and Ideology 17 1.3.3. Group Identification and Ideology 18 1.3.4. Authoritarianism 20 2. Synthesis 24 3. Presentation of the Projects and Summary of their Empirical Findings 27 Project 1: Reclaim the Streets 27 Project 2: The Extended Contact Asymmetry 30 Project 3: If Graffiti Changed Anything, it Would Be Illegal 32 4. General Discussion 34 4.1. Integration and Theoretical Contributions 34 4.2. Practical Implication 36 4.3. Overall Limitation and Future Research 39 4.3.1. Political Ideologies & Measurements 40 4.3.2. Statistical and Methodological 40 4.3.3. Operationalization of Social Norms 41 4.3.4. Open Questions in Intergroup Contact Research 42 4.3.5. Minority Perspective 44 4.3.6. Open Science Practices 45 4.3.7. Scope and Goals of this Dissertation 46 5. Roadmap 47 6. Conclusion 49 Acknowledgments 50 References 52 Appendix I: Paper 1 81 Appendix II: Paper 2 97 Appendix III: Paper 3 136 Curriculum Vitae 181 Liste der Veröffentlichungen und Beiträge 183 Eidesstattliche Erklärung 185 / This dissertation examines the interaction between political ideologies with social norms in different social contexts, demonstrating how political ideologies influence the relationship between social norms and intergroup relations. In light of a growing Open Science Movement (Christensen et al., 2020), particular focus is placed on replication and transparent science practices (Asendorpf et al., 2013; Open Science Collaboration, 2015). The first project, Reclaim the Streets, tests the link between contact experiences with migrants, threat perceptions and the willingness of majority members to justify and support status-protective social movements. Two studies examine the postulated relationships with particular attention paid to national identification against the backdrop of the tense normative climate of the right-wing protests in Chemnitz in 2018. Across the two studies, majority members from Chemnitz who firmly identify with Germany showed a strong association between negative contact experiences, perceived threat from migrants and intention to support status-protective protest. This was evident in a sample of students (Study 1), in which national identification varied, and in another sample of older Chemnitz residents (Study 2), who identified highly with Germany. In both studies, negative contact with migrants showed a stronk positive association with justification of, and intention to participate in the protests for highly identified individuals. The second project, The Extended Contact Asymmetry, tests the link between social norms in the form of positive and negative extended contact experiences in the peer group and the individuals intergroup attitudes. This was done with particular attention to individual differences in the expression of a political ideology, authoritarianism. An internal meta-analysis over the results of 40 analyses from eight samples showed that positive social norms were more strongly positively associated with intergroup attitudes for individuals with high authoritarianism than for low authoritarians. Interestingly, this effect was not evident in the interaction between authoritarianism and negative social norms, so we suggest an asymmetry of extended contact on intergroup attitudes here. Additionally, the effect of the subdimensions of authoritarianism was examined in this interaction. However, the proposed special role of authoritarian submission could not be confirmed in this project. The third project, If Graffiti Changed Anything, It Would Be Illegal, tests the influence of political graffiti with right-wing and left-wing content on the assessment of neighborhoods and their residents. The influence of the political ideology of the participants was taken into account. Over three studies, including two experiments (Study 1 and Study 3), the influence of political graffiti depended on its fit to the participants’ political beliefs. We showed that neighborhoods and their residents were devalued when the political graffiti did not match the participants’ political beliefs – neighborhoods and their residents were viewed more positively when political attitudes matched the graffiti depicted. Study 3 further showed that the negative effects of right-wing graffiti were projected primarily onto the residents – again depending on the political orientation of the subjects. Finally, results from an exploratory analysis showed that right-wing graffiti also has the potential to influence attitudes towards foreigners. In summary, the empirical results and theoretical works in this dissertation show how individual ideological attitudes affect the impact of social norms on intergroup attitudes and relations. The findings from this dissertation help to better understand societal phenomena at different levels, and their implications enable opportunities to address the challenges within multicultural societies. The possibilities for future research are derived and discussed.:Table of Contents Abstract III Zusammenfassung V Introduction 1 1. Theoretical Framework 7 1.1. Intergroup Climates: Contextual Effects on Intergroup Relations 7 1.2. Social Norms and Their Implication for Intergroup Relations 9 1.2.1. Social Norms in Social Groups 10 1.2.2. Social Norms in the Environment 12 1.3. Political Ideologies 13 1.3.1. Political Ideologies from a Psychological Perspective 14 1.3.2. Political Orientation and Ideology 17 1.3.3. Group Identification and Ideology 18 1.3.4. Authoritarianism 20 2. Synthesis 24 3. Presentation of the Projects and Summary of their Empirical Findings 27 Project 1: Reclaim the Streets 27 Project 2: The Extended Contact Asymmetry 30 Project 3: If Graffiti Changed Anything, it Would Be Illegal 32 4. General Discussion 34 4.1. Integration and Theoretical Contributions 34 4.2. Practical Implication 36 4.3. Overall Limitation and Future Research 39 4.3.1. Political Ideologies & Measurements 40 4.3.2. Statistical and Methodological 40 4.3.3. Operationalization of Social Norms 41 4.3.4. Open Questions in Intergroup Contact Research 42 4.3.5. Minority Perspective 44 4.3.6. Open Science Practices 45 4.3.7. Scope and Goals of this Dissertation 46 5. Roadmap 47 6. Conclusion 49 Acknowledgments 50 References 52 Appendix I: Paper 1 81 Appendix II: Paper 2 97 Appendix III: Paper 3 136 Curriculum Vitae 181 Liste der Veröffentlichungen und Beiträge 183 Eidesstattliche Erklärung 185

The dissertation describes the basic historical anthropological data and different conceptions about human being. The various political theories and the individual political ideologies are formulated on the basis of these conceptions. The present political parties in Czech Republic have been drawing the key-principles from the individual political ideologies. They have been making depend on them their long-term political platform. Dissertation concentrates on the social questions, which are integral parts of the every political platform of individual political parties. The social questions at the same time the most pretend and answer the basic needs and interests of every person. The dissertation underlines the basic acknowledged qualities of all named political parties, among which are included terms like freedom, equality, fairness and solidarity.

The study deals with the purism as language ideology. After critical analysis of basic concepts (language cultivating, ideology, language ideology) there are standard language ideology and purism ideology presented. The crucial part of the study consists of: 1. analysis of the evaluation of purism in the contributions on language cultivating in the journals Slovo a slovesnost and Naše řeč from 1949 to 1968, 2. analysis of purism ideology in these contributions.

Lydie Kárníková Ideology in the Language of Media Diploma thesis 2011 Abstract The thesis scrutinizes the ways in which three Czech nationwide print media process the same news topics. Through analysis of three thematic discourses it studies the differences in approaching and presenting reality. The main focus lies in the argumentative and language aspects of the media texts with the aim to find implicit references on sets of values and beliefs typical for the perspective of the particular news media title and for the society in general. Implicit sets of values woven into the media contents have a form of an ideology: These ideological ideas can be very different across the society due to the number of opinion groups present within the whole society. In modern democratic countries with opinion plurality there are different ideological ideas neighbouring within the media market. The news as a genre does not allow expressing one's own opinion or approach explicitly: the news media thus embed their opinions into the structures of language. The core hypothesis of this thesis is the ability of language to create meanings. With the help of methodology that combines argumentative approach with analysis of syntactic and lexical modes of expressions the thesis tries to get into the language structure, looking for...

The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive and focused reflection with regard to role of mass media in selected dystopian films, respectively in movies where some significant dystopian elements do appear. This thesis is based on themes that have been the content of bachelor thesis written by the same author and expands on it - however, the bachelor thesis analysed exclusively three novels (Brave New World, 1984 and Fahrenheit 451). Nevertheless this thesis does not include any film adaptation of these novels. Within this work a wider range of resources was employed as it allows highlighting multiple topics associated with the mass media. The main theme is therefore related to the use of mass media and their impact on society. The thesis contains interpretation (from media studies perspective) of a total of 12 films, which are then divided into three categories based on the prevailing perception of the role of mass media. The first part is focused on the mass media as a constitutive element of dystopian regimes. In this case the mass media affect the society as a whole. The second part deals with the films, in which, in which the media significantly influence the lives of specific individuals (although the whole society may not be affected). Finally, the third part includes movies, in...

This paper examines the influence of the dominant masculine-hegemonic ideology and gender- compliance on agenda setting and framing texts in the context of a healthy diet, respectively vegetarianism, which is considered a healthy alternative if this diet is balanced. With reference to the already existing academic work on the topic of health discourse in the context of patriarchal ideology, this thesis aims to uncover through discourse analysis of texts in Czech lifestyle magazines for men and for women latent and subtle ideological structures supporting the social status quo and at the same time reveal the influence of the social construction of masculinity and femininity to the discourse of vegetarianism.

Diploma thesis analyzes a movie character of John Hus in Otakar Vávra's film from 1954 and Jiří Svoboda's film from 2015. The aim of the thesis is to discover how the view on this historical person (perceived through the prism of an era and regime in which he was portrayed on the big screen) changed. The introduction of the diploma thesis is focused on John Hus in historical context. The interpretative part examines ideological aspects, stereotypes and their mutual interaction. The thesis used the method of qualitative analysis of selected aspects of both films. In response to comparative analysis of selected aspects of both films the diploma thesis analysis John Hus like a movie character. The outcome of the diploma thesis is review whether the historical period influenced by John Hus was portrayed in accordance with the spirit of objectivity and available historical sources.