<i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> uses the type II secretion system to transport protein toxins across the outer membrane. The trans-envelope system is comprised of more than ten proteins, including ExeA and ExeB, which form a complex in the inner membrane and are required for assembly of the ExeD secretion channel multimer, called the secretin, into the outer membrane. A putative peptidoglycan binding domain (Pfam protein families database number PF01471) is present in the periplasmic region of ExeA (pExeA), leading to the hypothesis that ExeA generates gaps in peptidoglycan, a barrier for trans-envelope transport and apparatus assembly, to allow ExeD to assemble into the outer membrane.<p> In this study, interactions between ExeA and peptidoglycan were examined both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. Wild type ExeA, but not the mutants containing substitution mutations of three highly conserved amino acid residues in the putative peptidoglycan binding domain, was cross-linked to peptidoglycan in vivo with DTSSP. Furthermore, the presence of wild type ExeA was also required for co-crosslinking of ExeB and ExeC to peptidoglycan. <i>In vitro</i> cosedimentation revealed that purified pExeA was able to bind to highly purified peptidoglycan. The protein assembled into large multimers in the presence of peptidoglycan fragments, as shown in cross-linking and co-gel filtration experiments. The requirement of peptidoglycan for multimerization was abrogated when the protein was incubated at temperatures above 25 °C. Two pExeA constructs, which disrupted the putative peptidoglycan binding domain, greatly reduced the cosedimentation, accompanied by decreased multimerization in the presence of peptidoglycan fragments. These results provide evidence that the putative peptidoglycan binding domain of ExeA is involved in physical contact with peptidoglycan. The interactions cause ExeA to multimerize, possibly forming a ring-like structure on the peptidoglycan, to generate a gap large enough to accommodate the secretion apparatus and/or to form an assembly scaffold.<p> The putative peptidoglycan binding domain of ExeA was also analyzed by comparing its amino acid sequence with that of other homologues. The highly conserved amino acid residues were found to cluster at one pocket on the surface in the crystal structure of hydrolase metallo (Zn) DD-peptidase that also contains this domain. We propose that this pocket is the binding site for the peptidoglycan ligand.

The New Basel Capital Accord (Basel II) provides added emphasis to the development of portfolio credit risk models. An important regulatory change in Basel II is the differentiated treatment in measuring capital requirements for the corporate exposures and retail exposures. Basel II allows agricultural loans to be categorized and treated as the retail exposures. However, portfolio credit risk model for agricultural loans is still in their infancy. Most portfolio credit risk models being used have been developed for corporate exposures, and are not generally applicable to agricultural loan portfolio. The objective of this study is to develop a credit risk model for agricultural loan portfolios. The model developed in this study reflects characteristics of the agricultural sector, loans and borrowers and designed to be consistent with Basel II, including consideration given to forecasting accuracy and model applicability. This study conceptualizes a theory of loan default for farm borrowers. A theoretical model is developed based on the default theory with several assumptions to simplify the model. An annual default model is specified using FDIC state level data over the 1985 to 2003. Five state models covering Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, and Nebraska areestimated as a logistic function. Explanatory variables for the model are a three-year moving average of net cash income per acre from crops, net cash income per cwt from livestock, government payments per acre, the unemployment rate, and a trend. Net cash income generated by state reflects the five major commodities: corn, soybeans, wheat, fed cattle, and hogs. A simulation model is developed to generate the stochastic default rates by state over the 2004 to 2007 period, providing the probability of default and the loan loss distribution in a pro forma context that facilitates proactive decision making. The model also generates expected loan loss, VaR, and capital requirements. This study suggests two key conclusions helpful to future credit risk modeling efforts for agricultural loan portfolios: (1) net cash income is a significant leading indicator to default, and (2) the credit risk model should be segmented by commodity and geographical location.

Als 6. Diss. in: Decas ... Dissertationum Iuridicarum Inauguralium De Diversis quibusdam & rarioribus materiis ; 1 (1671). / Nicht identisch mit VD17 7:700415P (abweichende Signaturformel: dort A ff.). Schlüsselseiten aus dem Exemplar der SBB-PK Berlin: Hi 6683/7. Signaturformel: [2], Aa - Ee2.

Schlüsselseiten 1 u. 3 aus dem Exemplar der BSB München: 4 Diss. 727. - Schlüsselseite 2 aus dem Exemplar der ULB Halle: Strassburg, Diss., 1659-60 (12). / Alternativer Fingerprint für die Ausg. ohne Widmungsblatt: uede d-i, i-e- saco 3 1659R.

Schlüsselseiten aus dem Exemplar der SLUB Dresden: Diss.jur.civ.221,8.

Univ., Jur. Diss.--Straßburg, 1622. / Schlüsselseiten aus dem Exemplar der SBB-PK Berlin: Fi 123.

Schlüsselseiten aus dem Exemplar der ULB Halle: Strassburg, Diss., 1627-29 (10).

Schlüsselseiten aus dem Exemplar der ULB Halle: Strassburg, Diss., 1627-29 (44).

Schlüsselseiten aus dem Exemplar der ULB Halle: Strassburg, Diss., 1627-29 (51).

Schlüsselseiten aus dem Exemplar der ULB Halle: Strassburg, Diss., 1623-26 (17).