Dado que los programas educacionales deberían ser evaluados para conocer su ejecución y logros, el principal propósito de esta investigación, es evaluar a través de la comparación de dos programas de formación ocupacional para identificar elementos comunes, estrategias, limitaciones y mejoras probables. Ésta se llevo a cabo en dos contextos diferentes: Barcelona (España) y Táchira (Venezuela), dónde los programas de electricidad y ofimática son ofrecidos en centros públicos. Se involucraron cinco centros y una muestra de participantes integrada por administradores, profesores y estudiantes. Su información fue obtenida a través de cuestionarios, entrevistas y documentos relacionados con esto. Los objetivos fueron: conocer y analizar estos programas comparando su diseño, desarrollo, resultados y coordinación; Tomando en consideración un grupo seleccionado de variables para describir los sujetos de esta investigación tan claro como fuese posible. El uso apropiado de estadísticas para procesar la información le da el soporte de validez y fiabilidad, además de algunos datos cualitativos que fueron clasificados, analizados y resumidos en las conclusiones de ésta. A través del análisis de información sobre la relación de las variables en cada contexto, que a pesar de ser diferentes encontramos mas similitudes de las esperadas. De la teoría analizada aquí, la formación ocupacional es definida como un complejo sistema de conocimientos, habilidades, destrezas y valores necesarios a aprender para desempeñarse en un empleo de acuerdo con su contexto que difiere en cada sociedad. Ésta comparación da una idea especifica sobre la economía y cultura de estos contextos, y de la vía para establecer los contenidos de los programas de formación. Tomando en consideración las necesidades sociales y personales del estudiante y las competencias requeridas para un trabajo en el mercado que alcanza un equilibrio entre filosofía y marco legal en cada país. La formación ocupacional debe mejorar tratando de entender la sociedad para satisfacer los requerimientos del mercado. También la metodología parece ser efectiva, pero debe ser mejor, motivando a los estudiantes para continuar cada día y evitar la deserción que en caso de ocurrir el centro debe conocer y avocarse a dar posibles soluciones.Los materiales de aprendizaje deben producirse en el centro de formación como garantía de ajuste a las condiciones del estudiante, de manera que puedan organizarse por grupos tomando en cuenta sus experiencias y nivel de prerrequisitos a través de la evaluación. Los resultados de las evaluaciones deberían ser la base de mejora en los dos contextos. A través de estos programas de evaluación, las personas deberían tener acceso a un puesto de trabajo y aprender a conservarlo el mayor tiempo posible. Seleccionar los estudiantes es muy difícil porque en Táchira no tienen criterio para hacerlo, y en Cataluña, en algunos casos no hay suficientes estudiantes, por lo tanto, no son seleccionados, y debe hacerse adecuadamente.La evaluación sería más útil si se incluye desde el proceso de planificación y desarrollo del currículo y después utilizarla para determinar logros e impactos en la sociedad, para eliminarlos, cambiarlos o mejorar programas.Los participantes deben mantenerse en contacto con el centro, ya que los nuevos programas pueden ser interesantes y necesarios en su futuro profesional.La experiencia europea manejando estos programas debe ser útil a los programas de Venezuela para cooperar integrando propuestas de mejora.A pesar de que ésta investigación abre el horizonte a otras investigaciones, debemos estar claros que nada ha terminado todavía y que continuaremos trabajando sobre ésta. / Since educational programs should be evaluated to establish their performances and achievements, the main purpose of this research is the evaluation by comparing two occupational formation programs, in order to identify common elements, strategies, limitations and probabilities of improvement. It took place in two different context: Barcelona (Spain) and Táchira (Venezuela), where the programs of Electricity and Office Automation are offered in public centers. There were five centers involved, and a sample of participants integrated by administrators, teachers and students. Its information was gotten thru questionnaires, interviews and documents related to it. The objectives were: to know and analyze these programs by comparing their design, development, results and coordination; Taking into consideration a selected groups of variables in order to describe the subjects of this research as clear as possible. The use of appropriate statistics to process the information, gives it validity and reliability support, besides, some important qualitative outputs that were classified, analyzed and summarized in the conclusions of it. By the analysis of information about the relationship of the variables in each context, that even though look so different, we found more similarities than they were expected. From the theory analyzed here, occupational formation is defined as a complex system of knowledge, abilities, skills and values necessaries to learn in order to perform an employment, in accordance whit its context that differs in each society. This comparison gave us specific ideas about the economy and culture of these contexts, and the way to establish heir contents on formation program. Taking into consideration: social and personal students needs, and also the competences required for a job in the market, that gets balance between philosophy and a legal frame in each country. Occupational formation should be improved trying to meet better the society to satisfy market requirements. Also, methodology seem to be effective, but it should be better, by motivating the student to go further everyday and avoiding to quit, that if this happens, must be learned by the center and give possible solutions. Learning materials should be produced in the center of formation as a guarantee of adjustment to students conditions, so they can be organized by groups, taking into consideration their experience and level of prerequisites through evaluationThe results of this evaluation should be the base of improvement in both contexts.Through these programs of formation people should be able to get a job, and also to keep it as long as possible.To select the students is very difficult because in Táchira they do not have a criteria to do it, and in Cataluña, in some cases there are not enough students, so they do not select them, but they must do it in a proper way.Evaluation would be more useful if they include it from the process of planning and development of the curriculum, and then to use it to determine its achievements and impacts on society in order to eliminate, change or improve programs.Participants must keep in touch with the center, because new programs may be interesting and necessary in their professional future and European experience handling this kind of programs must be useful to Venezuelan programs to cooperate integrating a proposal for improvement.Despite of this research opens the horizon for other researches we must be clear that nothing has finished yet we will continue working on it.

This research was done to develop tools to predict parametric roll motion of ships in regular and irregular sea and provide guidelines to avoid parametric roll during initial design stage. A post Panamax hull form (modified C11 Hull form, Courtesy of MARIN) was used to study parametric roll in ships. The approach of the study has been to simplify the roll equation of motion to a single degree of freedom equation so as to utilize the tools available to analyze the system retaining the non-linear character of the system. The Hill’ equation is used to develop highly accurate stability boundaries in the Ince-Strutt Diagram. The effect of non-linear damping has also been incorporated into the chart for the first time providing a simple method to predict the bounded roll motion amplitude. Floquet theory is also extended to predict parametric roll motion amplitude. Forward speed of the vessel has been treated as a bifurcation parameter and its effects studied both in head and following sea condition. In the second half of the research, parametric roll of the vessel in irregular sea is investigated using the Volterra Quadratic model. GM variation in irregular sea was obtained using transfer functions of the Volterra model. Heave and pitch coupling to roll motion was also studied using this approach. Sensitivity studies of spectral peak period and significant wave height on roll motion amplitude were also carried out. Forward speed effects were also evaluated using the Volterra approach. Based on the study, the Hill’s equation approach was found to give more accurate prediction of parametric roll in regular sea. The boundaries in the stability chart were more accurately defined by the Hill’s equation. The inclusion of non-linear damping in the stability chart gave reasonably accurate bounded motion amplitude prediction. The Volterra approach was found to be a good analytical prediction tool for parametric roll motion in irregular sea. Using the Volterra model, it was found that there is a high probability of parametric roll when the spectral modal period is close to twice the natural period of roll.

Abstract In this thesis, a Multi-gate PD SOI Device is realized. The inverse narrow channel effect of the device is also studied. In the Multi-gate PD SOI structure, it has three-surface gate on the silicon MESA Island, which can promote the device performance. However, for eliminating the abnormal corner leakage current in the MESA Island, the process of rounded corner is used. In order to overcome the floating body effect, we use the Schottky body contact. According to the 3-D DAVINCI device simulation and the measurement results, the Multi-gate PD SOI device presents the excellent characteristics: low threshold voltage, low subthreshold factor and high breakdown voltage. In addition, comparing the Multi-gate device with that of the conventional one, the excess drain current gain is observed. In order to understand the behavior of INCE in Multi-gate PD SOI Device in depth, we use the concept of overlap depletion region to derive the expressions of threshold voltage shift. Owing to the device has rounded corner, we also study the rounded corner effect in the model formulation. Comparing calculation with that of the experiment one, the calculation shows agreement with the experiments.

The Ince Hall Virgin and child is a painting of the Virgin and Child in an interior that was attributed to Jan van Eyck by the leading historians of early Netherlandish art from 1854 to 1956. Between 1956 and 1959 the work was subject to a technical and art historical analysis in Europe, in the re-classification of the work as a copy by a follower of Van Eyck, and possibly a forgery. Subsequently, a number of art historians have suggested that not even the composition of the work is Eyckian, and that the work is a pastiche based on Van Eyck’s paintings. Nevertheless, some authors have doubted the arguments for these reattributions. Some authors maintain the attributions to Van Eyck, and others suggest that the work may be a copy. This thesis is the first comprehensive critical reappraisal of the scientific and art historical analysis to be conducted. In the first chapter it examines the provenance and bibliography of the work. / In the second chapter it examines published and unpublished documents relating to the technical analysis found in Melbourne, Brussels, London and Amsterdam, which have been brought together for the first time. It also contains an interpretation of the work’s infrared reflectography that was produced, for the first time, for this thesis. It is argued that, contrary to the 1950's analysis, there is no technical impediment to an attribution of the work to Van Eyck. Furthermore, technical analysis reveals numerous correspondences to Van Eyck’s works, in the pigments, paint layer structures, underdrawing style and pentimenti. In the third chapter the relationship of the execution, composition and iconography to Van Eyck’s paintings is discussed. It is argued that the execution, composition and iconography are closely related to Van Eyck’s works. In the fourth chapter the attribution of the work as an original painting of Van Eyck, a copy, a pastiche or a forgery is discussed. It is concluded that the balance of the available evidence suggests the attribution of the work to Van Eyck, or his studio, is justifiable. The possibility that the work is a free copy is not excluded, but is undermined by the numerous correspondences to Van Eyck’s materials and technique and its relationship to the versions of the composition by other artists.

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