Bibliography: leaves 182-198. Improvements in the current production system of inclusion bodies and the downstream processing sequence are essential to maintain a competitive advantage in the market place. Optimisation of fermentation is considered to improve production yield; then flotation as a possible inclusion body recovery method.

<p>The main part of this work has been a literature survey, reviewing scientifical reports forinformation on how steel cleanness is evaluated today, and also how the steel cleanness is related tothe fatigue performance of clean steels.</p>

The first section of this work examines melt inclusions in phenocrysts from Volcán Popocatépetl and Volcán de Colima within the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). These inclusions are dacitic to rhyolitic. Trends in melt inclusion major element and water concentrations form the evolved extension of other Mexican volcanics including those presumably derived directly from primitive melts. Water concentrations in Popocatépetl and Colima melt inclusions are similar (0.3 to 3.4 weight percent Hsub2O). Melt-vapor equilibration pressures calculated from dissolved Hsub2O and COsub2 (Popocatépetl) or Hsub2O (Colima) in melt inclusions correspond to depths of entrapment of 12 km or less. Water and carbon dioxide concentrations correlate negatively with SiOsub2 and potassium. Normalized olivine-augite-quartz compositions are consistent with near cotectic crystallization under vapor-saturated conditions at pressures of 1.5 kb or less. Our results show that Popocatépetl and Colima magmas have undergone vapor-saturated crystallization during ascent in conjunction with varying degrees of mixing between degassed rhyo-dacitic and less degassed, mafic melts in the upper portions of the crust. These data suggest melt evolution occurred in conduits or inter-fingered dikes rather than a large stratified magma chamber. Part II looks at the Masaya caldera in Nicaragua. This volcano has erupted frequently in recorded history, producing lava lakes and very high gas emissions. Melt inclusions from Masaya are basaltic, with low Hsub2O (below 0.5 wt. %), low S (less than 300 ppm) and high COsub2 concentrations (up to approximately 6000 ppm). Relationships between water, sulfur, Cl and F in combination with Masaya's high COsub2 and Ba/Zr and Ba/Nb ratios suggest that Masaya has undergone a multi stage degassing process involving 1) shallow degassing, 2) recycling of magma into a deeper reservoir, and 3) fluxing of previously degassed magma with a nearly pure COsub2 vapor. Trace element signatures of melt inclusions are consistent with contributions that have been variably metasomatized by fluids generated by dehydration of subducted sediments and/or altered oceanic crust.

Erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome (EIBS) was artificially established in selected stocks of juvenile fall and spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), chum salmon (0. keta), coho salmon (0. kisutch), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and rainbow trout (0. mykiss). Adult spring chinook salmon were also artificially infected with the EIBS virus. Adult male chinook had higher prevalences of EIBS inclusion bodies than females. Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies that are associated with EIBS were not observed in steelhead (0. mykiss), brown (Salmo trutta) nor brook (Salvelinus fontinalis) trout suggesting that these stocks are less susceptible to the EIBS virus. Coho salmon with EIBS were more susceptible to Flexibacter psychrophilus, the causative agent of cold water disease (CWD) than fish without EIBS. The fish with EIBS were most susceptible to F. psychrophilus during the first 20 days after virus exposure, when inclusion bodies were most prevalent. Coho salmon infected with both the EIBS virus and F. psychrophilus required a longer recovery period than fish exposed to either pathogen alone. Most investigations of EIBS require in vivo experimentation and artificial infections using diseased fish tissues. Heterologous tissue used to establish EIBS did not contribute to anemia nor mortality. Death was not attributed to the EIBS virus alone but to the combined effects of the virus and a secondary pathogen. The severity of EIBS may be reduced with dietary Vitamin C prophylaxis. Fish fed 1,000 mg ascorbic acid/ Kg of diet had the fewest signs of EIBS; they had the highest hematocrit values and the lowest incidence of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. However, vitamin C therapy alone was not sufficient to prevent the disease. / Graduation date: 1992

Cette thèse présente une étude minéralogique, géochimique et d'inclusions fluides des gisements de la province métallogénique de Belledonne. Cette province fait partie d'une aire minéralisée en Pb-Zn-Cu située dans la zone externe des Alpes. L'aire minéralisée comprend les massifs hercyniens externes et ces partiesdes nappes supérieures penniques que TRÛMPY(1960) désigne comme soubassement parautochtone. L'étude la plus complète de cette minéralisation est celle de HUTTENLOCHER (1934), qui différencie les gisements métamorphiques des roches cristallines et de leur couverture paléozoïque (Goppenstein-Type) des gisements non déformés de la couverture mésozoïque (Bimental-Type). La présence de ces deux types de gisements est une conséquence de la nature bicyclique des Alpes, qui ont été soumises à des orogénies hercynienne et alpine. Les gisements métamorphiques sont d'âge pré-triasique, mais ont été tectonisés par l'orogénie alpine. Les gisements non déformés ont été mis en place durant l'orogénie alpine.

No description available.

<p>The overall purpose of this thesis work has been to further our understanding of the growth and removal of inclusions in gas- and induction-stirred ladles. The primary focus has been on alumina inclusions. </p><p>Growth mechanisms were studied using data from fundamental mathematical models of gas- and induction-stirred ladles. The results showed the turbulence mechanism to be the most dominant in alumina inclusion growth. The dynamic growth and removal of inclusions in a gas-stirred ladle was studied using mathematical modelling. The model results showed concentration gradients of inclusions. The effect was most obvious in the steel flow past the removal sites: top slag, ladle refractory, and gas plume (bubble flotation). A new removal model was developed for large spherical caps bubbles. </p><p>In order to verify the predicted concentration gradients for the size population of inclusions, three experiments were carried out in production. The sampling equipment enabled sampling at five different positions and different locations at the same time. The results showed that concentration gradients of inclusions do exist both in induction-stirred and gas-stirred ladles. A theoretical analysis showed that the drag force on the inclusions to be the dominating force and that therefore inclusions follow the fluid flow. </p><p>The cluster behaviour of alumina inclusions were examined on steel samples taken in an industrial-scale deoxidation experiment in a ladle. The samples were examined by microscope and the results used to study cluster growth. It was found that there was rapid cluster growth due to collision during stirring and that at the end of the deoxidation experiment a majority of the small inclusions were bound in clusters. The cluster growth data determined using the microscopic results were compared with predicted cluster-growth data. A method was developed for converting the experimental data observed per unit area into data given per unit volume and vice versa. An expression for the collision diameter of the cluster was also developed. The results showed that the predicted cluster growth agreed well with the microscopic observations for the assumptions made in the growth model.</p>

Les sols à faible portance, posent de réels problèmes pour la construction des ouvrages de génie civil (tassements différentiels importants). Actuellement il existe de nombreuses solutions pour améliorer la qualité de ces sols dont les techniques de renforcement par pieux. Parmi ces méthodes l'une d'elles, en pleine expansion dans certains pays, consiste à ajouter au dessus de réseau de pieux une nappe de renfort géosynthétique. Dans cette technique les charges dues au remblai sont transmises aux pieux soit directement par le sol de remblai par report de charge, soit indirectement par l'intermédiaire de la nappe géosynthétique par effet membrane. <br /><br />L'objectif de cette étude est d'une part de mieux comprendre le comportement de ces ouvrages pour permettre leur dimensionnement et d'autre part de tester un dispositif expérimental permettant de suivre dans le temps le comportement de l'ouvrage (système de mesures par fibres optiques Géodetect). Pour atteindre cet objectif, un programme de recherche regroupant des expérimentations et des modélisations numériques, a été entrepris en collaboration avec la société Tencate. Des expérimentations en vraie grandeur ont été réalisées à Kuala Lumpur en Malaisie dans des conditions spécifiques pour étudier le comportement en membrane du géosynthétique au-dessus du réseau de pieux et pour appréhender les phénomènes de report de charge. <br /><br />Une modélisation originale couplant éléments finis et éléments discrets a été développée pour compléter l'étude expérimentale. L'approche continue a permis de modéliser efficacement le comportement en membrane des nappes géosynthétiques. Quant à l'approche discrète, elle a permis d'analyser les mécanismes de transfert de charge dans le remblai. La comparaison et l'analyse des résultats ont permis de mieux comprendre ces mécanismes et de mieux appréhender le dimensionnement de ces ouvrages.

Thèse de doctorat : Sciences de la Terre et de l'Univers : Nancy 1 : 2008. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.

The overall purpose of this thesis work has been to further our understanding of the growth and removal of inclusions in gas- and induction-stirred ladles. The primary focus has been on alumina inclusions. Growth mechanisms were studied using data from fundamental mathematical models of gas- and induction-stirred ladles. The results showed the turbulence mechanism to be the most dominant in alumina inclusion growth. The dynamic growth and removal of inclusions in a gas-stirred ladle was studied using mathematical modelling. The model results showed concentration gradients of inclusions. The effect was most obvious in the steel flow past the removal sites: top slag, ladle refractory, and gas plume (bubble flotation). A new removal model was developed for large spherical caps bubbles. In order to verify the predicted concentration gradients for the size population of inclusions, three experiments were carried out in production. The sampling equipment enabled sampling at five different positions and different locations at the same time. The results showed that concentration gradients of inclusions do exist both in induction-stirred and gas-stirred ladles. A theoretical analysis showed that the drag force on the inclusions to be the dominating force and that therefore inclusions follow the fluid flow. The cluster behaviour of alumina inclusions were examined on steel samples taken in an industrial-scale deoxidation experiment in a ladle. The samples were examined by microscope and the results used to study cluster growth. It was found that there was rapid cluster growth due to collision during stirring and that at the end of the deoxidation experiment a majority of the small inclusions were bound in clusters. The cluster growth data determined using the microscopic results were compared with predicted cluster-growth data. A method was developed for converting the experimental data observed per unit area into data given per unit volume and vice versa. An expression for the collision diameter of the cluster was also developed. The results showed that the predicted cluster growth agreed well with the microscopic observations for the assumptions made in the growth model.