I takt med Instagrams ökade popularitet har även det nya yrket influencer vuxit fram. En influencer delar personlig information i syfte att skapa en online-identitet som fungerar som ett varumärke. Deras bilder är ofta idealiserade, en sorts innehåll som har visat sig korrelera med att fler sociala jämförelser görs. Tidigare studier har även visat att innehåll som anspelar på skönhetsideal kan leda till sämre kroppsuppfattning, vilket i den här studien undersöks i en svensk urvalsgrupp. Sammanlagt 176 kvinnor deltog i studiens enkät beståendeav Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults, Iowa-Netherlands Comparison Orientation Scale, frågor om antalet influencers de följer samt intresset för deras innehåll för att undersöka eventuella kopplingar sinsemellan. Genom en multipel regressionsanalys framkom det att tendens till social jämförelse kan predicera sämre kroppsuppfattning, men antal influencers eller specifikt innehåll inte kunde kopplas till sämre kroppsuppfattning.

Background: Non communicable diseases (NCD) are recognized as a major burden of human health globally, especially in low and middle-income countries including Indonesia. This thesis addresses a community intervention program utilizing a community empowerment approach to study whether this is a reasonable strategy to control NCD. Objective: To explore possible opportunities, common pitfalls, and barriers in the process of developing a pilot community intervention program to prevent NCD in an urban area of a middle-income country. Methods: The study was conducted in Yogyakarta Municipality. The baseline risk factor survey in 2004 (n=3205) describes the pattern of NCD risk factors (smoking, physical inactivity and low fruit and vegetable intake) and demographic characteristics using STEPwise instrument. A qualitative study was conducted in order to illustrate peoples’ perceptions about NCD risk factors and how NCD might be prevented. A pilot intervention was developed based on the baseline survey and the qualitative data. The pilot intervention was conducted in four intervention communities while one community served as the referent area. The intervention was evaluated using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Finally, a second cross-sectional survey conducted in 2009 (n= 2467) to measure NCD risk factor changes during the five year period. Results: Baseline qualitative data showed that people in the high SES (Socio Economic Status) group preferred individual activities, whereas people in the low SES group preferred collective activities. Baseline survey data showed that the prevalence of all NCD risk factors were high. The community intervention was designed to promote passive smoking protection, promote healthy diet and physical activity, improve people’s knowledge of NCD, and provide a supporting environment. A mutual understanding between the Proriva team and community leadership was bargained. Several interactive group discussions were performed to increase NCD awareness. A working team was assigned to set goals and develop programs, and the programs were delivered to the community. There were more frequent activities and higher participation rates in the low SES group than in high SES group. The repeated cross-sectional surveys showed that the percentage of men predicted to be at high risk of getting an NCD event had significantly increased in 2009 compared to 2004. Conclusion: The community empowerment model was a feasible choice as a “moderate”strategy to accommodate with people’s need when implementing a community intervention that also interacts with the service provided by the existing health system. A community empowerment approach may improve program acceptance among the people.

This thesis concerns the investment of business of two traders to four newly created companies, especially to partnership, limited partnership, private limited company and public limited company. The aim of the thesis is determine which of these forms is best for businessman according to tax burden and risk consequent of this form of business.

The goal of the master thesis is to familiarize the reader with basic theoretical concepts and selected methods of real estate valuation. Describes the differences in between administrative and market approaches. It mainly delas with yield method of valuation. The aim of the practical part is to apply the described methods on a particular case of valuation and afterwards to estimate the value of the real estate. The object of the valuation is an university dorm Jarov III.F. The estimation of the dorm value is made by administrative and yield method. The steps of administrative valuation are described and explained in full length. For the right explanation of the yield method there is a need to describe the revenues and costs of the dorm. As well there is a description of the net operational income. In the end of the thesis the two results are compared and explained.

The aim of the thesis 'Particularities of economic activities of medium-sized towns in the Czech Republic' is the definition of the term 'medium-sized town', its role in the municipal sector and the definition of particularities of economic activities. Medium-sized towns represent an important part of municipal sector and they have its own certain economic specifics. This thesis deals with the municipal sector in the Czech Republic, its development and the contemporary structure. Towns in the Czech Republic have certain position, they have its own funding system and its own economic specifics based on income, expenditure and indebtedness. There are 86 medium-sized towns in the Czech Republic with the population ranging from 10 001 to 25 000 inhabitants. These towns are mostly municipalities of third degree with extended municipal authorities. For this type of towns it is possible to say that the more inhabitants, the higher expenditure on the securing of the public services and expenditure for the population and income as well. The main component of the income of these towns is formed by the transfers as a compensation for financial dependence and minimal profitability of own revenue. Indebtedness of these towns is dependent on the fact whether they draw funds from subsidy schemes or whether they run into debt because of the random events such as floods.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein gemischtes Element gegen Locking-Effekte untersucht. Dazu wird ein Fünf-Feld-Hu-Washizu-Funktional (CoFEM-Element) für lineare und quadratische Hexaeder-Elemente unter einer hyperelastischen, isotropen, polykonvexen sowie einer transversal-isotropen Materialformulierung implementiert. Die resultierenden nichtlinearen Gleichungen werden mithilfe eines Mehrebenen-NEWTON-RAPHSON-Verfahren unter Beachtung einer konsistenten Linearisierung gelöst. Als repräsentatives Beispiel der numerischen Untersuchungen dient der einseitig eingespannte Cook-Balken mit einer quadratischen Druckverteilung am Rand. Zur Beurteilung des CoFEM-Elements wird das räumliche Konvergenzverhalten für unterschiedliche Polynomgrade und für verschiedene Netze unter Beachtung der algorithmischen Effizienz untersucht. / This paper presents a mixed finite element formulation of Hu-Washizu type (CoFEM) designed to reduce locking effects with respect to a linear and quadratic approximation in space. We consider a hyperelastic, isotropic, polyconvex material formulation as well as transverse isotropy. The resulting nonlinear algebraic equations are solved with a multilevel NEWTON-RAPHSON method. As a numerical example serves a cook-like cantilever beam with a quadratic distribution of in-plane load on the Neumann boundary. We analyze the spatial convergence with respect to the polynomial degree of the underlying Lagrange polynomials and with respect to the level of mesh refinement in terms of algorithmic efficiency.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein gemischtes Element gegen Locking-Effekte untersucht. Dazu wird ein Fünf-Feld-Hu-Washizu-Funktional (CoFEM-Element) für lineare und quadratische Hexaeder-Elemente unter einer hyperelastischen, isotropen, polykonvexen sowie einer transversal-isotropen Materialformulierung implementiert. Die resultierenden nichtlinearen Gleichungen werden mithilfe eines Mehrebenen-NEWTON-RAPHSON-Verfahren unter Beachtung einer konsistenten Linearisierung gelöst. Als repräsentatives Beispiel der numerischen Untersuchungen dient der einseitig eingespannte Cook-Balken mit einer quadratischen Druckverteilung am Rand. Zur Beurteilung des CoFEM-Elements wird das räumliche Konvergenzverhalten für unterschiedliche Polynomgrade und für verschiedene Netze unter Beachtung der algorithmischen Effizienz untersucht. / This paper presents a mixed finite element formulation of Hu-Washizu type (CoFEM) designed to reduce locking effects with respect to a linear and quadratic approximation in space. We consider a hyperelastic, isotropic, polyconvex material formulation as well as transverse isotropy. The resulting nonlinear algebraic equations are solved with a multilevel NEWTON-RAPHSON method. As a numerical example serves a cook-like cantilever beam with a quadratic distribution of in-plane load on the Neumann boundary. We analyze the spatial convergence with respect to the polynomial degree of the underlying Lagrange polynomials and with respect to the level of mesh refinement in terms of algorithmic efficiency.