Byggsektorn står idag inför ett ökat krav på öppenhet och dialog under byggnadsprojekt. Teknologiska framsteg har idag gjort det möjligt att med digitala visualiseringstekniker redovisa byggnadsprojekt på många olika sätt. Syftet med examensarbetet var att undersöka vilka värden som visualiseringstekniker kan bidra med i ett kommunikationssyfte mot allmänheten. Syftet var även att identifiera eventuella hinder och utmaningar med att använda tekniken. Litteraturstudien visade att byggbranschen står inför ett ökat behov av kommunikation. Tidigare forskning har visat potentialen i hur olika typer av visualiseringar kan användas i kommunikations- och informationssyfte riktat mot olika intressenter. Litteraturstudien gav även ett antal riktlinjer som arkitektoniska visualiseringar bör förhålla sig till.  Den använda metoden utgick från en fallstudie av ett byggnadsprojekt som låg som bas för utvecklingen av ett antal olika visualiseringar med varierade informationsinnehåll och interaktivitet. De testade teknikerna bestod utav perspektivbilder, animerad video, interaktiv solstudie samt interaktiv 3D-modell. I studiens inledande del gjordes en förstudie där tre personer från olika byggföretag intervjuades. Syftet med förstudien var att klargöra hur arkitektoniska visualiseringar riktade mot allmänheten används idag. De framtagna visualiseringarna utvärderades via två olika empiriinsamlingar. Den första insamlingen bestod av en webbaserad enkätstudie som delades online, där ett självselektivt urval fick testa och utvärdera de framtagna visualiseringarna. Den andra insamlingen bestod utav en fokusgrupp med fem personer från ett arkitektkontor som fick diskutera de framtagna visualiseringarna utifrån deras perspektiv.  Analysen delades in i tre olika perspektiv baserat på den insamlade empirin: arkitekter, byggherre/entreprenör samt allmänheten. Studiens slutsatser visade på att det fanns ett intresse bland enkätrespondenterna att ta del av visualiseringar i tidiga skeden av projekt. Enkätrespondenterna hade en positiv inställning till de visualiseringstekniker som de ansåg ge en mer transparent och öppen delning av information, vilka i denna studie var solstudien samt 3D-modellen. Dessa ansågs som mer transparenta då de kunde visa både positiva och negativa konsekvenser av ett projekt. Resultatet visade även problematiken med att använda tekniken, då flera olika intressenters intressen måste beaktas samtidigt. Huvudutmaningen för framtida studier är att klargöra vilket värdeskapande tekniken har utifrån byggföretagens perspektiv, hur ändringar i projekt ska hanteras samt att matcha detaljnivån på projektet mot det skede i byggprocessen som projektet befinner sig i.  Studiens bidrag är att ha utmanat den roll som arkitektoniska visualiseringar har i kommunikationssyfte mot allmänheten. Genom att jämföra olika byggaktörers perspektiv med allmänhetens kunde studien visa på möjligheterna med tekniken men även den komplexitet som berör användningen av arkitektoniska visualiseringar i informationsdelningssyfte. / Today, the construction sector is facing an increased demand for openness and dialogue of construction projects. Recent technological advances in digital architectural visualization techniques have made it possible to present building projects in many ways. The purpose of this study was to identify the values that visualization techniques can contribute to communication with the public and to identify possible problems and challenges with using the technology. The literature study showed how the construction industry today is facing an increased need for information sharing. Previous research has shown how different types of visualizations can be used for communication and information purposes aimed at different stakeholders. The literature study also provided several guidelines which visualizations should adhere to.  The method used in the study was a case study of one building project where several different visualization techniques were developed consisting of a variety of information content and interactivity. The tested techniques consisted of rendered still images, animated video, interactive sun study and an interactive 3D environment. In the introductory part of the study, a pre-study was done where three people from different construction companies were interviewed. The purpose of the pre-study was to clarify how architectural visualizations aimed at the public are used today. The visualizations produced were evaluated via two different collections of empirical data. The first data gathering was done through a web-based survey that was shared online, where self-selective respondents tested and evaluated the developed visualizations. The second data gathering consisted of a focus group with five people from an architect firm who discussed the tested visualizations from their perspective. The analysis was divided into three different perspectives based on the empirical data collected: architects, property developer and the public. The results of the study show that there is an interest among the survey respondents to get access to the visualizations in the early stages of a building project. The survey respondents had a positive attitude towards the visualization techniques that game a more transparent and open sharing of information where the visualizations could show both positive and negative consequences of a project. The results also showed problems with using the techniques, as several different stakeholders’ interest must be considered and be considered simultaneously. The main challenge is to clarify the value created by of technologies from the perspective of construction industry, how changes in the projects are handled and how to efficiently and accuracy match the detail level of the visualizations to the detail level of the project. The study's contribution is to have challenged the role that architectural visualizations play in communication information about construction projects towards the public. By comparing the perspectives of different construction actors along with the public, it was possible for the study to show the possibilities but also the complexity that concerns the use of architectural visualizations for information sharing purposes.

There is a lack of knowledge regarding how public safety organizations communicate threat-related information at the local level. The purpose of this qualitative exploratory case study was to explore the benefits and challenges of sharing threat-related information between public safety agencies (law enforcement, fire services, emergency medical services, and public health) in Honolulu, Hawaii. The conceptual framework for the study was general systems theory. The sample for this study was a subset of 13 individuals from the larger population of approximately 50 subject matter experts who worked within four public safety agencies and had extensive experience analyzing and sharing threat-related information. Purposeful sampling was utilized for the study. Data were collected through in-depth interviews. The findings of this study clearly identified several important themes related to sharing threat-related information between local public safety organizations: information flow, collaboration, participation with the state fusion center, and the complexity of sharing confidential information. I found that Honolulu public safety agencies are currently communicating through information flow within and between organizations; however, this flow of information is intermittent. I also found that threat-related information often contains highly protected, or law enforcement sensitive information, and is difficult to share between agencies. Inadequate threat-related information sharing and poor collaboration among local public safety agencies may put the public at increased risk from violent attacks. The results of this study contribute to positive social change by identifying the benefits and challenges of sharing threat-related information between local public safety agencies.

The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of parents’ and teachers’ perceptions of parent-teacher communication, its purpose and how it is implemented in resource-constrained school settings. I employed a collective case study design involving four cases, namely parents of Grade 3 learners, parents of Grade 6 learners, Grade 3 teachers and Grade 6 teachers. I followed a qualitative research approach in order to gain rich, contextual information that portrays the perceptions of the participants. I identified three primary schools to participate by combining purposeful and convenience sampling strategies, and purposefully selected 11 teachers and eight parents as participants. Eight semi-structured interviews and two focus group discussions were conducted to collect data. In addition, I relied on observation, field notes and a research diary. Following inductive thematic data analysis, I identified the following themes: general modes of parent-teacher communication, purposes of parent-teacher communication, role-players and their expectations, factors negatively impacting parent-teacher communication, and strategies to move towards effective parent-teacher communication. Findings of the study indicate that the participating schools utilised written communication, telephone contact and meetings in person to exchange information with parents, in support of learners’ performance. Children, School Management Teams and the Department of Basic Education were identified as additional important role-players in communication. However, the attitudes, behaviours and preferences of teachers and parents as well as resource-constrained contexts can negativity influence parent-teacher communication. On the other hand, more effective use of technology, the creation of more opportunities for open dialogue and the commitment of all role-players can potentially enhance regular two-way communication between parents and teachers. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Educational Psychology / MEd / Unrestricted

Purpose – The purpose of the research is to increase the understanding of how insufficient information sharing between internal stakeholders can be mitigated during new product development projects. Two research questions were formulated to conduct answers to the purpose.  Why is it crucial to mitigate insufficient information sharing between internal stakeholders during new product development projects? How can potential challenges during new product development projects be mitigated through information sharing between internal stakeholders? Method – To create an understanding of information sharing a literature review was conducted, which formed the foundation of the theoretical framework. Through a case study at SAAB Training & Simulation, interviews were used as the main source for empirical data. Document studies and observations were used to triangulate the findings. The collected data and theoretical framework were analyzed and discussed to propose improvements. Findings – The research findings indicate that an insufficient information flow can cause several challenges related to deadlines, profit and how information is interpreted. It should therefore be a prioritization for an organization to constantly improve how information is shared between internal stakeholders during new product development projects. Additionally, the research analysis suggests that organizations’ need to allocate more time for educational opportunities. Implications – The research highlighted a new perspective on previous research within the area. Through the research analysis statements and theories made by other researchers were further strengthened. The research suggests ways of improving information sharing between internal stakeholders. The result can be used by other industrial organizations working with new product development projects to improve their information sharing to mitigate challenges connected to insufficient information sharing. Limitations – Due to the complexity of information sharing within new product development projects, the research was limited to one case company. Additionally, mainly managers were interviewed which posed a risk that the collected data only provided an overview rather than a deep insight in the processes of sharing information between internal stakeholders. If the authors were to use several organizations and conduct more interviews, the results could increase the credibility and generalizability of the research.

Purpose – Forecasting is a firm's ability to anticipate or predict the future demand givenon a set of assumptions. For a company to implement an appropriate forecast model whichcan make accurate assumptions, the model needs to be aligned with the company's businesssituation and enhanced through supply chain relationships. Therefore, the purpose of thisstudy is: Investigate how small sized wholesalers benefit from demand forecasting. The purpose is divided into two research questions RQ1: How can a company influenced by a seasonal demand select an appropriateforecast model according to its business environment? RQ2: Why do information sharing issues between supply chain partners occur and howcan wholesalers overcome this resistance? Method – The researchers executed a singular case study at one of the local small-sizedfurniture wholesalers in Sweden. The data collection methods implemented in this studyare interviews, document analysis and a survey addressed towards downstream membersof the wholesalers’ chain, retailers (five participants). The combination of both qualitativeas well as quantitative methods was based on a triangulation principle which helped theresearchers provide a comprehensive understanding of the problem as well as increasevalidity and credibility of the study. Findings – The result of the study raises the importance of selecting a forecast model inaccordance with the company's business situation. Furthermore, by the help of a selfdesigned four-step forecast process the company could identify its influencing factors(seasonality, lead-times, lack of information sharing, etc.), available data, and finally selectthe appropriate model corresponding with the business situation. In this study the Holt-Winters model was selected due to the promotion of simplicity considering the casecompany. Also, the issue regarding information sharing among supply chain partners wasidentified where retailers promotes the performance of the whole supply chain anddemands a partnership as a requirement for sharing information. Implications – As every firm is unique and different in its nature it therefore requires itsown specific forecast process in which can select the appropriate model. However, thestudy revealed how selecting the appropriate forecast model can enhance the businessmeeting their seasonal demand. Additionally, the fact that small-sized companies need toestablish a partnership to receive demand information from their retailers. Based on theresult, the study reveals how companies can enhance their situation through demandforecasting. Limitations - As each model is based on each specific company the results regarding theselected forecast model can be questioned. Furthermore, due to the limited time-period ofthe research a specific forecast process had to be constructed which could only cover thescope of the research and not how the forecast model performed over time. Therefore, alonger time-period of the research could have included extra activities in the forecastprocess which would have validated the model.

Today, it is important to understand how logistic systems can become more efficient and effective through increased digitalization and information sharing, as the exponential development in technological advancements during the recent decade has opened up new opportunities for digitalization of businesses. Blockchain is considered to be one of the most disruptive technologies of modern times. (Dinh & Thai, 2018) Information generation and information sharing are important for integration of partners in a supply chain, and for the logistics in a supply chain to function efficiently. To understand how blockchain can impact information sharing through supply chains and logistics, the purpose is to explore the potential of blockchain in supply chain logistics. The thesis focuses on explaining blockchain to make it approachable and easy to understand. The thesis is divided into two parts, the technological part, with comparisons to other digital technologies in order to pinpoint how blockchain relates to other technologies, and the information sharing part of the supply chain. With that foundation, the analyses look into the contributions blockchain can provide, how it compares to traditional IT-systems for information sharing and what to consider before and during an implementation of a blockchain protocol in a supply chain.   To categorize information sharing, important aspects were chosen from literature and validated through a survey sent to supply chain managers from companies operating at different parts of supply chains and different industries. In order to evaluate the actual potential of blockchain, interviews with four highly experienced blockchain experts were conducted. The research resulted in the conclusion of how important it is to conduct an investigation of what blockchain is intended for, and what value it adds to all parties involved, before starting the technical implementation. Furthermore, this research concluded that the possibility to use blockchain both independently and in combination with other technologies in a chain to provide fully automated processes of disseminating and storing information provides a greater potential for further use. Through the characteristics the technology possesses, such as, consensus, traceability (provenance), immutability, finality, decentralisation and persistency, blockchain can have a big impact on information handling in many industries. Companies should however consider whether a blockchain solution is necessary, since its complicated, demands involvement from multiple parties and comes at a substantial cost. A supply chain aims to maximise added value, which correlates well with the opportunity blockchain presents of eliminating the need for unnecessary intermediaries, streamlining the information flow, while simultaneously building trust.

Little is known about how effectively federal agencies share terrorism intelligence with state and local governments through fusion centers. As a result, there is a risk that local governments do not receive critical intelligence that would allow them to collaboratively prevent catastrophic terrorist attacks. Using Dawes' interagency information sharing model, the purpose of this exploratory case study was to evaluate how effectively federal agencies share terrorism intelligence with fusion centers. Data were collected through interviews with 25 senior leaders, federal agents deployed to fusion centers, and intelligence analysts in 5 fusion centers on the East Coast. These data were inductively coded and then subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. Findings indicated that, among these leaders, information sharing was hindered by both technology and inter-organizational relationships between the fusion centers and federal agencies. Participants also noted that obstacles to information sharing regarding classified data has not been sufficiently mitigated. Dawes' interagency information-sharing theory was found to be explanatory regarding intelligence sharing activities. Implications for positive social change include recommendations to the Department of Homeland Security to utilize Dawes' work on information sharing in order to alleviate the tension between federal and local agencies and remove obstacles, particularly related to classified intelligence related to counterterrorism. Doing so can be useful in developing policy recommendations to improve the dynamics between federal and local agencies, thereby allowing critical information to be shared with state and local governments in a proactive manner that may better protect communities.

i Abstract In the environment of a large group of analysts who are willing to share their investment ideas publicly, it is a challenging task to find the ones who have a great skill and whose recommendations generate abnormal returns. We explore one such famous group, Value Investors Club, consisting of 1223 analysts be- tween the years 2000 and 2019. We separate the analysts into multiple groups, each representing their inherent abilities. The commonly used method of single hypothesis testing cannot be used as we test many analysts at once, and the multiple hypothesis testing methods need to be employed. Using these meth- ods, we are able to detect the subgroup of analysts who have abnormal returns from the Fama-French 4 factor portfolio. However, different methods lead to different groups of analysts deemed to be skilled. An overall portfolio consist- ing of all analysts generates large abnormal returns, which diminish with the increases in the holding period. Furthermore, analyses from analysts estimated to be skilled are used to form portfolios. We find that there are methods that have significantly larger abnormal returns compared to the overall portfolio; however, the methods are not consistent at producing such portfolios. Keywords multiple hypothesis testing, luck and skill, in- vestment ideas Title...

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第19131号 / 情博第577号 / 新制||情||101(附属図書館) / 32082 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科通信情報システム専攻 / (主査)教授 高橋 達郎, 教授 守倉 正博, 高橋 豊 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DGAM

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