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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
101

Growth and Studies of Phase Transitions in Multifunctional Perovskite Materials

Yadav, Ruchika January 2015 (has links) (PDF)
Crystal growth and characterization of few multifunctional materials with perovskite (ABX3) structure are discussed in this thesis. Efforts were made to modify the magnetic and electric behaviour of these materials by selective tuning of A, B and X components. Structural, magnetic and dielectric characterization are detailed in various chapters for doped (A and B site) rare-earth manganites and organometallic compounds with different (Chloride or formate) anions. The relevant aspects of crystal structure and its relationship with ordered ground states are discussed in the introductory chapter. A detailed review of prominent theories pertaining to magnetic and ferroelectric ordering in the literature is provided. Growth of various inorganic compounds by solid-state reaction and floating zone method as well as use of solvothermal techniques for growing organometallic compounds are discussed. Material preparation, optimization of crystal growth processes and results of characterization are addressed in various chapters. The effect of Yttrium doping on structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of rare-earth manganites (RMnO3 where R = Nd, Pr) has been investigated. Neutron diffraction studies (Pr compounds) confirm A-type antiferromagnetic structure and fall in transition temperature as the Yttrium doping level increases. Diffraction experiments in conjunction with dc magnetization and ac susceptibility studies reveal magnetic frustration in excess Yttrium dopedcompounds. When mutliglass properties of 50% B-site doped Nd2NiMnO6 were investigated, evidence of re-entrant cluster glass phase was seen probably due to presence of anti-site disorder. The relaxor-like dielectric behaviour arises from crossover of relaxation time in grain and grain boundary regions. Multiferroic behaviour of the organometallic compound (C2H5NH3)2CuCl4 as well as the ferroelectric transition were investigated in detail. The role of Hydrogen bond ordering in driving structural transitions is elucidated by low temperature dielectric and Raman studies in (C2H5NH3)2CdCl4. It was found possible to tune the magnetic and ferroelectric properties in metal formate compounds (general formula AB(HCOO)3) by selectively choosing organic cations [(CH3)2NH2+; C(NH3)3+] and transition metal ion [B = Mn, Co and Cu]. The nature of magnetic ordering and transition temperature could be altered by the transition metal ion. The effect of reorientation of organic cations which leads to ferroelectric nature is discussed using dielectric and pyroelectric data. Significant results are summarized in the chapter outlining general conclusions. Future prospects of work based on these observations are also provided. The conclusions are corroborated by detailed analysis of experimental data.
102

Untersuchungen zur elektronischen und geometrischen Struktur ausgewählter oxidischer und sulfidischer Materialien mittels Photoelektronen- und Röntgenspektroskopie

Schneider, Bernd 08 January 2002 (has links)
Oxidische Materialien bieten ein weites Spektrum an möglichen Anwendungen. Vor allem Isolatoren mit Perowskitstruktur eignen sich hervorragend für die optische Datenverarbeitung und -speicherung. Andere, leitende, Oxide können für die magnetische Datenspeicherung eingesetzt werden. Vorraussetzung für den praktischen Einsatz der Werkstoffe sind jedoch grundlegende Kenntnisse über deren mikroskopischen Eigenschaften und ablaufende Prozesse. Mittels Photoelektronen- und Röntgenspektroskopie können Aussagen über die elektronische Struktur getroffen werden. Die noch junge Methode der Fluoreszenz weicher Röntgenstrahlung (SXF) wurde zur Charakterisierung der elektronischen Struktur hinzugezogen. SXF-Messungen wurden an der Beamline 8.0.1 am ALS in Berkeley, Kalifornien, durchgeführt. An der Modellsubstanz MgO wurden Röntgenabsorptions- und Röntgenemissionsspektren an der Sauerstoffkante erstellt. Es zeigt sich eine hervorragende Übereinstimmung mit Modellrechnungen. Ein Bandmapping unter Ausnutzung von Resonanzphänomenen, ähnlich wie in Graphit, scheint jedoch nicht möglich zu sein. In TiO2 wurde das Ti 3d Niveau untersucht. Die Emissionsspetkren zeigen Verluststrukturen, deren Feinstruktur mit der berechneten rJDOS nachvollzogen werden konnte. In KNbO3 wurde der Beitrag der Nb 5p und O 2p-Zustandsdichte zum Valenzband untersucht. Es wurde versucht, die Anregungsenergieabhängigkeit der O 2p-Emissionsspektren mit der Bandstruktur in Verbindung zu bringen. In KTaO3 wurde erstmals der Ta 5d-pDOS-Anteil am Valenzband direkt nachgewiesen. Zudem weisen die anregungsenergieabhängigen Emissionsspektren Verluststrukturen auf, die auf eine O 2p-Ta 5d Interbandanregung schließen lassen. An Sr2FeMoO6 wurden erstmals XES-Messungen zur Bestimmung der elektronischen Struktur durchgeführt. Es zeigen sich hybridisierte O 2p-Mo 4d Zustände, die Leitungselektronen haben einen leichten Fe-Charakter. Eine gute Übereinstimmung mit Bandstrukturrechnungen wird beobachtet. Für photorefraktive Material Sn2P2S6 wurde die elektronische Struktur mittels XPS, XES und FP-LAW-Rechnungen detailliert bestimmt. An Fe-dotiertem Ba0.77Ca0.23TiO3 wurde mittels XPD unter erstmaliger Erstellung von Azimuthalspektren der Einbauplatz von Ca verifiziert und der Einbauplatz von Eisen bestimmt. Für beide Elemente ergibt sich ein vollständiger bzw. überwiegender Einbau auf dem Ba-Platz.
103

X-ray analysis of praseodymia

Weisemöller, Thomas 11 November 2009 (has links)
In this thesis, it was shown that thin films of hexagonal praseodymium sesquioxide on Si(111) can be transformed to B-oriented twin free films of cubic praseodymium dioxide with oxygen vacancies by post deposition annealing in 1 atm. oxygen at temperatures from 300°C up to 700°C for 30 minutes. Films annealed at 100°C and 200°C are still purely hexagonal praseodymium sesquioxide after the annealing process. In the transformed films, two stoichiometric phases coexist laterally. The lateral lattice constant of both species is almost identical to the one of the originally deposited hexagonal praseodymium sesquioxide. Therefore, we assume that the lateral lattice constant is pinned throughout the oxidation process.The species are hence strained and show different vertical lattice constants, depending on the amount of oxygen vacancies. In some samples, those vacancies were partly ordered vertically, leading to a unit cell twice as large as expected for stoichiometric praseodymium dioxide.During the annealing process, an amorphous interfacial layer between substrate and oxide was detected. While the existence of this layer was known before, it was possible for the first time to quantify the thickness of the praseodymium rich part of this interface for epitaxially grown films. It was shown that this layer starts to grow significantly only during post deposition annealing at 500°C or more.These and other results for thin films were connected to previously published data for bulk praseodymia. The multi column model mentioned above for laterally coexisting praseodymia species in thin films was backed up by powder data. As a matter of fact, it was shown that this coexistence of several praseodymia species can be expected to be the rule rather than the exception.Strong evidence was found that results interpreted previously as stoichiometric cubic praseodymium sesquioxide contain more oxygen than originally thought...

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