The personality characteristic locus of control internality is widely-accepted as a trait possessed by women entrepreneurs. Recent research also suggests the presence of a coexisting attribute of similar strength, characterized as influence of a significant other. The presence of one personality characteristic implying perception of self-directed capability, together with indication of need for external assistance, poses a theoretical paradox. The study's purpose was to determine the nature and extent of direct and interactive effects which these and related variables had on entrepreneur return on investment. It was hypothesized that dimensions of significant other, as operationalized for this research, would support internality of locus of control and also modify constraining effects of educational and experiential disadvantage which the literature cites as pertinent to women entrepreneurs. This was nonexperimental, exploratory research of correlational cross-sectional design which examined hypothesized variable linkages. A convenience sample from a women's entrepreneur networking group was surveyed. Significant other elements were derived from factor analysis, resulting in four common dimensions. These factors, together with Rotter's Locus of Control instrument scores, reports on levels of education and experience, and hypothesized interactions, were independent variables. Hierarchial multiple regression was used to test a proposed path model. Two interpretable four-factor solutions derived from significant other variables were tested in two models. Although neither model attained overall significance, individual variables were directionally as hypothesized, and locus of control and certain factoral dimensions attained bivariate significance. Significant other factors appear to influence locus of control through statistical suppression as they interact with other variables. Results point toward a possibility that significant others who most affect female entrepreneur performance are those who give specific advice and aid, rather than moral support. Further research to explore what seems a strong relationship between return on investment and locus of control internality is recommended.

La psychologisation est une explication causale en des termes psychologiques des évènements qui arrivent aux individus (Beauvois, 2006). Alors que le terme de psychologisation fait référence à la caractéristique interne des explications fournies par les individus, celui de psychopathologisation ferait référence aux caractéristiques à la fois internes mais aussi incontrôlables de ces explications (Haslam, Ban, & Kaufmann, 2007). Attribuer la cause d’une situation d’échec académique à une disposition contrôlable serait majorer la responsabilité de l’individu qui échoue dans cette situation (Weiner, 1995). En revanche attribuer la cause d’un échec académique à une disposition psychopathologique serait minorer la responsabilité de cet individu. Le but principal de cette thèse est 1) de métaboliser le concept de psychopathologisation 2) de révéler un lien entre l’échec académique et l’explication de cet échec par des causes psychopathologiques 3) de montrer que ce lien est distinct de celui existant entre l’échec académique et l’explication de celui-ci par des causes internes et contrôlables. Nous avons tenté de démontrer que les explications causales faites en des termes psychopathologiques avaient bien des caractéristiques différentes de celles faites en des termes internes et contrôlables. Nous avons très parcimonieusement montré un lien entre l’échec académique et les attributions causales d’ordre psychopathologique. Enfin la distinction entre la psychopathologisation et l’attribution causale à des causes internes et contrôlables reste à explorer plus avant. / Psychologization is a causal explanation in psychological terms of events occurring to people (Beauvois, 2006). Although psychologization refers to internal characteristic of explanations given by the people, psychopathologization refers to characteristics both internal and uncontrollable of these explanations (Haslam, et al., 2007). Attributing the cause of an individual’s academic failure to a controllable disposition would increase the perceived individual’s responsibility for this situation (Weiner, 1995). Conversely attributing to an uncontrollable disposition the cause of the same issue would decreased his responsibility. The main goal of this work is to 1) metabolize the psychopathologization concept 2) reveal a link between academic failure and psychopathologization 3) show that this link is different from the one that exists between attribution to internal and controllable causes and academic failure. We tried to show that psychopathologization and attribution to internal and controllable causes are different in essence. We hardly succeeded to reveal a link between psychopathologization and academic failure. Finally, further work is needed to show a distinction between the two processes.

My dissertation explores the presence of physiognomy, which is the reading of faces and bodily affects to determine a person’s character. I investigate plays originally produced for the early English stage, ranging from the late Middle Ages to the Restoration. In this work I argue that the bodies within the selected plays exist as texts that are to be interpreted by readers and audience members alike. While embodiment theory has done excellent work in explaining the corporeality of the pre-modern body, it does not consider the body as a textual construction. My work aims to fill such a gap. My main methodology is historicist, both old and new. I employ the former insofar as I incorporate primary texts relevant to understanding physiognomy and its workings on the early English stage. I also use New Historicism since I cover many influences on physiognomy, including theology, politics, and philosophy of the mind. The first chapter probes the York Cycle’s biblical play The Conspiracy, as well as the morality play Mankind. I claim that physiognomy highlights the participatory aspects of both plays, as each contains bodies that help audiences learn of true piety. In the second chapter, I discuss Shakespeare’s problem plays All’s Well that Ends Well and Hamlet. I posit that the genre of problem play can best be understood as including works that contain incomplete or inaccurate physiognomic readings. For my final chapter, I analyze the tragicomedies Marriage a-la-Mode, by John Dryden, and The Widow Ranter, by Aphra Behn. I insist that examining the physiognomic readings can help us unite the dialectics between and among the multiple plots within each play. Over the course of these three chapters, I conclude that the body-as-text, understood through physiognomy, allows modern readers to better grasp pre-modern understandings of internality as it evolved from the Middle Ages to the Restoration. In addition, I contend that genre often dictates the ways in which bodies are constructed textually. In summary, the contributions of my work can be listed as the following: (1) I provide examples of how physiognomy can be used to support a variety of methodologies, including Marxism, feminism, and deconstruction. (2) I offer a more thorough history of physiognomy, ranging from the late Middle Ages to the Restoration. (3) My work with genre is unique among current scholarship that engages with physiognomy. In my conclusion, I suggest paths forward with this project, such as the use of other methods for interpreting the body as a text, consisting of anatomy, physiology, and allegory.

Актуальность работы. Работа направлена на решение актуальной проблемы – качественного дефицита квалифицированных кадров машиностроительной отрасли, являющийся одной из причин трудностей, которые в настоящее время испытывает машиностроительное производство в Российской Федерации. Целью исследования является разработка рекомендаций по повышению качества подготовки выпускников технического вуза. Для достижения цели были поставлены следующие задачи: 1. Исследовать уровень базовых знаний студентов, получаемых в школе и проанализировать их взаимосвязь с успеваемостью в вузе; 2. Исследовать психологический портрет студента и проанализировать связь полученных результатов с результатами учебы; 3. Разработать пути воздействия на студента, позволяющие повысить качество его профессиональной подготовки. Объектом исследования являются студенты института новых материалов и технологий и их оценки за сессии. Предмет исследования – успеваемость студентов. Методы исследования: систематизация, психологическое тестирование, обобщение, статистические методы. Публикации. По материалам работы опубликовано 3 статьи (в соавторстве): 1. Современный студент технического вуза: элементы психологического портрета // Педагогическое образование в России. 2016. №4 С.87-92. 2. К вопросу о связи результатов учебы студентов технического вуза с их ответственностью и мотивированностью // Педагогическое образование в России. 2016. №7 С.218-223. 3. О связи обучения физике и математике в общеобразовательной школе с результатами обучения этих дисциплин студентами технического вуза // Педагогическое образование в России. 2016. №10 С.68-71. Работа также представлялась на международный конкурс «Discovery Science: University-2016», где заняла третье место в направлении «Психологические науки». Объем и структура работы. Работа состоит из пояснительной записки объемом 82 страницы и включает в себя введение, три главы, заключение, список использованных источников, состоящий из 47 наименований и 4 приложения. Во введении обоснована актуальность темы, определены цели работы и сформулированы ее задачи. В первой главе анализируется состояние машиностроительного производства в России в настоящее время и описываются факторы, влияющие на его развитие. Во второй главе исследуются причины низкой подготовки кадров для машиностроения. В третьей главе разработана система влияния на студентов с целью повышения качества их обучения. В заключении подведены итоги. Основные выводы 1. В России существует дефицит квалифицированных кадров для машиностроения; 2. Успеваемость студентов оставляет желать лучшего, несмотря на то, что их личностные качества достаточно высоки и не отличаются от качество нашего общества в целом; 3. Предложены методы «нелинейного» воздействия на студентов, основанные на использовании проблемного подхода в обучении, оптимизации речи преподавателя, грамотном оформлении иллюстративного материала, а также рационализации поведения преподавателя в аудитории. / Actuality of work. The work is aimed at solving the actual problem - the shortage of qualified personnel in the machine-building industry. This problem is one of the reasons for the difficulties that machine building in the Russian Federation is currently experiencing. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for improving the quality of graduates of a technical university. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: 1. To study the level of basic knowledge of students obtained at school and analyze their relationship with academic achievement in the university; 2. To explore the psychological portrait of the student and analyze the relationship between the results obtained and the results of studies; 3. To develop ways of influencing the student, allowing to improve the quality of his professional training. The object of the research is the students of the Institute of New Materials and Technologies and their evaluation for the session. The subject of the study is student performance. Methods of research: systematization, psychological testing, generalization, statistical methods. Publications. Based on the work materials, 3 articles were published (in co-authorship): 1. Modern student of a technical college: elements of a psychological portrait // Pedagogical education in Russia. 2016. №4 С.87-92. 2. On the issue of the relationship of the results of studies of students of a technical college with their responsibility and motivation // Pedagogical Education in Russia. 2016. №7 С.218-223. 3. On the relationship of academic achievement in physics and mathematics in the general education school with the results of teaching these disciplines by students of a technical college // Pedagogical Education in Russia. 2016. №10 С.68-71. The work was also presented at the international competition "Discovery Science: University-2016", where she took the third place in the direction of "Psychological Sciences". Scope and structure of work. The work consists of an explanatory note in the volume of 82 pages and includes an introduction, three chapters, conclusion, a list of sources used, consisting of 47 titles and 4 annexes. In the introduction, the relevance of the topic is substantiated, the goals of the work are defined and its tasks are formulated. In the first chapter, the state of machine-building production in Russia is analyzed at the present time and the factors affecting its development are described. The second chapter explores the reasons for the low training of personnel for machine building. The third chapter developed a system of influence on students in order to improve the quality of their education. In the conclusion the results are summed up. Main conclusions 1. In Russia, there is a shortage of qualified personnel for machine building; 2. The progress of students is poor, despite the fact that their personal qualities are high enough and do not differ from the quality of our society as a whole; 3. Methods of "indirect" impact on students based on the use of a problem approach in teaching, optimizing the speech of the teacher, the competent design of illustrative material, as well as the rationalization of the teacher's behavior in the classroom are suggested.