Hepatic and intestinal endocrine cells are potentially helpful targets for recombinant insulin expression. As the two cell types exhibit different secretion kinetics,it has been hypothesized that a combination of the two would better approximate insulin secretion kinetics from normal, functioning beta-cells than either cell type alone. This hypothesis was tested using two hepatic cell lines transiently transduced with one of three adenoviruses for insulin expression along with a stably transfected recombinant intestinal L cell line. The insulin secretion kinetics were analyzed for both the hepatic and intestinal cells to determine the potential of combining them to reproduce the insulin secretion kinetics of a normal, functioning beta-cell. It was observed that the two recombinant hepatic cell lines secreted insulin in a more sustained manner exhibiting slower release kinetics. They also exhibited an increase in insulin secretion when stimulated by the cocktail of nutrient secretagogues (glucose and meat hydrolysate) versus stimulating with only glucose. The cells transduced with the adenovirus containing an additional cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter and green fluorescent protein (GFP) exhibited the highest insulin secretion after stimulation, whereas the cells transduced with an adenovirus encoding for destabilized preproinsulin mRNA exhibited the lowest secretion rates. The recombinant intestinal cell line (GLUTag-INS) secreted insulin with rapid kinetics upon stimulation, apparently due to the presence of secretory granules containing pre-synthesized insulin. The experiments demonstrated that the cells stimulated with medium containing only meat hydrolysate exhibited a significantly higher insulin secretion relative to secretagogue-free controls. The insulin secretion was not further enhanced when meat hydrolysate was combined with glucose.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

No Brasil, nas últimas décadas uma das grandes preocupações são as toxinfecções alimentares, sendo que uma das mais preocupantes vem a estar relacionada com as salmonellas. Esta doença destaca-se com grande importância pela sua ampla e variada ocorrência no homem e em animais; em que as aves ocupam o ponto central na epidemiologia das Salmonellas entéricas, representando um reservatório de grande importância sanitária e difícil controle. A Salmonella Enteritidis que é um patógeno entérico pertencente à família Enterobateriaceae, vindo a ser entre os mais de 2.500 sorotipos de Salmonellas spp., uma das mais frequentes de origem alimentar descrita na literatura. Uma das medidas profiláticas que tem sido empregada para controlar a infecção desta doença na produção de aves inclui o uso de antibióticos, seleções genéticas de linhagens de frangos para melhor resposta imunológica, desenvolvimento de vacinas e uso de produtos probióticos por meio de inclusão competitiva. A principal preocupação com o uso contínuo de antibióticos, principalmente pelas diversas organizações mundiais, é quanto ao surgimento e disseminação de populações bacterianas patogênicas, que trazem riscos tanto para a saúde animal quanto humana. Procurando alternativas que garantam o desempenho produtivo e a segurança alimentar dos consumidores, temos os probióticos que são suplementos alimentares, normalmente presentes no trato gastrointestinal (ex.: Bacillus subtilis e Bacillus licheniformis). Quando administrados de forma correta produzem efeitos benéficos ao hospedeiro, favorecendo o equilíbrio de sua microbiótica intestinal, podendo ser constituídos por microorganismos de culturas definidas, indefinidas ou simbióticos. Contudo não dispomos de estudos que possam comprovar qual das constituições de probióticos é a mais eficaz no combate as salmonellas entéricas e na melhor obtenção do desempenho zootécnico, o que requer maiores estudos em relação as diferentes constituições de probióticos disponíveis e suas formas de utilização. O objetivo do presente estudo foi abordar por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica a utilização de probióticos e simbióticos como auxiliares na qualidade intestinal e ferramenta no combate a salmonella. Um segundo objetivo é elaborar um capítulo com um artigo intitulado: “Probióticos e Simbiótico sobre o desempenho zootécnico e morfometria intestinal de frangos de corte desafiados com Salmonella Enteritidis”. / In Brazil, in the last decades a of great concerns have been about the food poisoning, being that a of the most worrying comes to be related with the Salmonella. This disease stands out with great importance for its wide and varied occurrence in the man and animals; in which birds occupy the central point the epidemiology of Salmonella Enteric, representing a reservoir of great importance health and difficult to control. Salmonella Enteritidis is a pathogen belonging to the family intérico Enterobateriaceae, it comes to be among the more than 2,500 serotypes Salmonellas sp., one of the most common foodborne described in the literature. An prophylactic measures that is has been used to control the infection of the disease in poultry production, including antibiotics, selection of genetic strains of chickens to better immune response, development of the vaccine and use of probiotic products by inclusion competitive. The main concern with the continuous use of antibiotics, especially by various organizations worldwide is on the emergence and spread of pathogenic bacterial populations, bringing risks to both animal and human health. Seeking alternatives to ensure the production performance and food safety for consumers, we probiotcs foods supplements that are normally present in the gastrointestinal tract (ex.: Bacillus Subtilis e Bacillus Licheniformis), when they are administered correctly produce beneficial effects to the host, favoring the balance of their intestinal microbiota, may consist of microorganisms defined, undefined or synbiotics culture. However we do not have studies to prove which of the constitutions of probiotics is most effective in combating the Salmonella Enteric and in obtaining the best zootechinical performance, which requires larger studies regarding the different constitutions of probiotics available and ways of use. The aim of this study was approach by means of a bibliographic review the use of probiotics and synbiotics acting as auxiliary tool in combating intestinal Salmonella. A second goal is to develop a chapter with an article entitled: "Probiotics and synbiotic about zootechinical performance and intestinal morphometry of broilers challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis."

Taking preventive measures has a major impact on the overall health status of poultry in every breeding and it can prevent considerable economic losses in this way. The aim of this study was to obtain basic knowledge about the occurence of coccidia oocysts in the faeces and the occurrence of pathological changes in the intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens after the use of selected feed supplements. Experiment was made during winter 2013 and summer 2014 with 250 specimens of one-day broiler chickens. Four experimental groups (prebiotics, probiotics, homeopathy, coccidiostats) and one control group were created. Treated groups were administered by Selected feed supplements were served to chickens during 14 days since the sixth day of their life. Mixed faeces samples were collected twice a week and processed in the laboratory. Also the frequency of coccidia oocysts was monitored under the light microscope. Intestines were collected during the slaughters of chickens (five pieces from every group) and tested to confirm or disprove pathological changes associated with coccidiosis of poultry. Intestines were collected three times after seven days. The Reduced frequency of occurrence of coccidia oocysts in faeces of chickens in all groups of the winter and the summer trial period was demonstrated, while pathological changes of the intestinal mucosa were not proved.

Orientador: Maria Cristina Thomaz / Coorientador: Caio Abércio da Silva / Banca: Pedro Henrique Watanabe / Banca: Fábio Enrique Lemos Budiño / Banca: Márcia Rita Fernandes Machado / Banca: Pamela Rodrigues Reina Moreira / Resumo: Foram conduzidos três experimentos para avaliar diferentes fontes de fibras purificadas e seus efeitos em dietas, com níveis proteicos reduzidos, sobre o desempenho e a saúde intestinal de leitões recém-desmamados. No experimento I foram caracterizadas quatro fontes de fibras purificadas, quanto à capacidade de retenção de água, volume de intumescimento, microestrutura e viscosidade. No experimento II foram avaliados o desempenho, a incidência de diarreia e o tempo de trânsito gastrointestinal de 84 leitões desmamados aos 26 dias de idade. No experimento III foram avaliados o pH, o peso relativo de órgãos do trato gastrointestinal, as concentrações de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e ácido lático, a morfologia e a microbiologia da mucosa intestinal, os escores de lesão, as células em apoptose e mitose, e a imunidade intestinal de 42 leitões desmamados aos 26 dias de idade. Nos experimentos II e III, os animais foram distribuídos em um delineamento em blocos completos casualizados, com seis tratamentos: DC: dieta controle sem redução proteica; DR: DC com redução de quatro pontos percentuais da proteína bruta; DF1, DF2, DF3 e DF4: DR com adição de 2,0% de lignocelulose, celulose, pectina e goma guar, respectivamente. A inclusão de goma guar à dieta resultou em piores (P<0,05) ganho diário de peso e conversão alimentar, assim como no maior (P<0,05) tempo de trânsito gastrointestinal comparado à inclusão de celulose, que apresentou o menor. O peso final dos leitões f... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Three trials were conducted to evaluate different purified fibers sources and their effects in diets with reduced protein level on performance and intestinal health of weanling pigs. In trial I were characterized four purified fiber sources as to the water retention capacity, swelling volume, microstructure and viscosity. Performance, incidence of diarrhea and gastrointestinal transit of time of 84 piglets weaned at 26 days of age were evaluated in trial II. In trial III were evaluated pH, the relative organs weight of the gastrointestinal tract, concentrations of fatty acid short chain and lactic acid, the morphology and microbiology of the intestinal mucosa, the lesion scores, the apoptosis and mitotic cells and the intestinal immunity of 42 piglets weaned 26 days old. In both experiments, the animals were distributed in a randomized complete block design, with six treatments: CD: control diet without protein reduction; RD: CD with a reduction of four percent of crude protein; DF1, DF2, DF3 and DF4: RD with addition of 2.0% of lignocellulose, cellulose, pectin and guar gum, respectively. The inclusion of guar gum in the diet resulted in worse (P<0.05) daily gain and feed conversion, as well as the largest (P<0.05) gastrointestinal transit time compared to the inclusion of cellulose, which had the lowest. The final weight of the piglets was lower (P<0.05) with the addition of guar gum compared to the control diet, pectin and lignocellulose. The animals fed cellulose have the lowest (P<0.05) Lactobacillus count and the best (P<0.05) ratio of villus height and crypt depth, not differing from lignocellulose, but with the other evaluated diets. In the duodenum the number of cells in apoptosis was lower (P<0.05) in the animals fed diet with cellulose, the number of cells in mitosis was bigger (P<0.05) with control diet and pectin and the lesion scores ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Regina Maura Bueno Franco / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T10:49:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ribeiro_DaniloCarlos_M.pdf: 1808064 bytes, checksum: 36f0510d37feb2ae734deffdba6cf10f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: As parasitoses intestinais representam um grave problema de Saúde Pública em todo o mundo, com prevalências variáveis em cada região, sendo que fatores socioeconômicos e ambientais corroboram para manutenção ou aumento do número de casos. Os trabalhadores rurais canavieiros, devido as condições as quais são submetidos durante o trabalho sofrem exposições diárias aos agentes parasitários. Eles formam um grupo populacional cuja saúde é negligenciada devido a escassez de informações na literatura. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: avaliar a prevalência das infecções parasitárias intestinais entre trabalhadores rurais de duas principais regiões canavieiras do Estado de São Paulo (Ribeirão Preto e Campinas) destino de milhares de migrantes oriundos de diferentes regiões do Brasil no período de safra da cana de açúcar; avaliar comparativamente os métodos de coloração de Ziehl Neelsen modificada e Auramina O, para detecção dos oocistos de coccidioses intestinais e, as técnicas de Hoffman, Pons e Janer (H.P.J.) e Coprokit ® para detecção de ovos de helmintos. Foram analisadas 3 amostras fecais de 617 indivíduos, as quais foram processadas pelos métodos de sedimentação espontânea, Faust et al., Rugai et al., Willis et al., Coprokit ®, e pelos métodos de coloração Auramina- O e Ziehl Neelsen modificada, mediante emprego de técnica de centrifugo - concentração a 500X g e, aplicação de um questionário semi- estruturado para avaliar condições sócioeconômicas e epidemiológicas. A prevalência geral de parasitos intestinais e comensais foi de 30,47 %, sendo que o protozoário mais encontrado foi Endolimax nana (12,16 %) e entre os helmintos detectou-se com maior frequência os ancilostomídeos (2,43 %). Dentre os exames positivos, foi verificada maior ocorrência de monoparasitismo (23,82 %) e de protozoários (26,58 %). Conclui-se que a baixa prevalência encontrada para parasitoses intestinais neste estudo se deve as melhorias no perfil socioeconômico e epidemiológico dos trabalhadores canavieiros e entre os exames positivos não houve diferença significativa na detecção de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp. pelas técnicas de Ziehl Neelsen modificada e Auramina O e, a técnica de sedimentação espontânea se mostrou mais eficiente para detecção de ovos de helmintos em comparação ao método de Coprokit ® / Abstract: Intestinal parasitic diseases represent a serious public health problem worldwide, with prevalence rates varying in each region, and socioeconomic and environmental factors to corroborate maintaining or increasing the number of cases. Rural workers in sugar cane plantations, due to weather conditions and which are submitted during the rural work, and suffer daily exposures to parasitic agents. They form a population group whose health is neglected due to lack of information in the literature. Our objectives were: assess the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among rural workers in two major sugar cane growing regions of São Paulo (Ribeirão Preto and Campinas) fate of thousands of migrants from different regions of Brazil from sugar cane crop; benchmarking the methods of Ziehl Neelsen modified and Auramina O for detection of oocysts of intestinal coccidia and the techniques of Hoffman, Pons and Janer (H.P.J.) and Coprokit ® for detection of helminth eggs. Three fecal samples were analyzed from 617 individuals, which were processed by the methods of spontaneous sedimentation, Faust et al., Rugai et al., Willis et al. Coprokit ®, and the staining methods Auramina O and Ziehl Neelsen modified, by use of centrifugal technique - the 500Xg concentration and, application of a semi-structured survey to assess the socioeconomic and epidemiological conditions. The overall prevalence of parasitism was 30.47%, and the most frequent protozoan was Endolimax nana (12,16%) and among the helminthes were detected more frequently the hookworm (2,43%). Among the positive tests, there was verified a higher incidence of monoparasitism (23,82%) and protozoa (26,58%). It is concluded that the low prevalence for intestinal parasites in this study is due to improvements in socio-economic and epidemiological profile of the sugarcane workers and among the positive tests there was no significant difference in detection of oocysts Cryptosporidium spp. by modified Ziehl Neelsen technique and Auramina O, and the spontaneous sedimentation technique was more efficient for detection of helminth eggs in comparison to the method of Coprokit ® / Mestrado / Parasitologia / Mestre em Parasitologia

The design of the proposed study was to administer R-FB to 72-day old Min/+ mice for up to 42 days. In order to capture the process of tumor reduction, animals were necropsied at various time points. At each time point animals were evaluated for tumor loads and presence of apoptotic cells along the small intestine. Studies have shown that when R-flurbiprofen (R-FB) is administered in the Min/+ mouse model it can cause the prevention and regression on intestinal tumors.

Various studies have been done to determine the prevalence of anemia in our country, but these studies don't reflect the true magnitude of this sickness, considered in Ecuador a problem of public health since these investigations correspond to urban sectors and margins and not to rural places where the care is very deficient and in certain cases useless, mainly because of the difficult access and the lack of economic resources of the government institutions. The current work was realized in coordination with the school of Nutrition and Dietetics and with the help of the Benson Agriculture and Food Institute was applied in rural communities of the Indigenous, "Mixed-Race" and African-American of Imbabura taking into account kids under the age of 5 as being a population group in constant risk of suffering specific deficiencies, such as Iron deficiency and its subsequent evolution towards Anemia. In this investigation we are going to find information about the prevalence of Anemia in the before mentioned groups of kids, their relationship with the deficiency of the consumption of Iron, influence of one of the most common sicknesses in these sectors as are Intestinal Parasitism. I am sure that the content will be of enormous interest to those that desire to know and better the critical situation of health and nutrition which unwinds this people, because of the provision of updated and truthful information will permit a better orientation of the different programs and projects that are implemented in these areas.

Background: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a group of chronic gastrointestinal diseases with a relapsing nature. The two main types are Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Both CD and UC patients experience very similar and distressing symptoms: acute abdominal pain, vomiting, malnutrition, fever, fatigue, diarrhoea and rectal bleeding. These symptoms are disabling and have a severe impact on physical and psychosocial wellbeing. Around 30% of patients suffer from moderate to severe psychological distress and have difficulties coping with the illness even in remission. However, it appears that mental health is overlooked by clinicians who often focus on physical gastrointestinal symptoms only. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is evidence based, group psychological intervention that has been successful in reducing depression and anxiety scores in patients with depression while improving overall quality of life. However, MBCT has never been tested in the IBD population before. PhD question: Can MBCT be used as an adjunct therapy to IBD symptom management, for improving IBD patients' general well-being and quality of life? Aims and objectives: The overall aim of the thesis was to develop and collate the evidence for a definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT) testing the effectiveness of MBCT for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The thesis brings together six publications. The six publications were integrated into four objectives that collectively contributed in answering the overall PhD question. Results: The findings from the first three publications highlighted the disease-related concerns and psychological needs for patients with IBD. The findings from the last three publications highlighted how feasible it is to use MBCT in IBD and emphasised the IBD patients’ perspectives about MBCT. Conclusion: The thesis concluded that a definitive RCT of MBCT for IBD patients is both feasible and acceptable.

Objetivo: Avaliar o prognóstico clínico do transplante multivisceral (TMV) na vigência de trombose difusa do sistema porto-mesentérico. Introdução. O transplante hepático (TH) na vigência de cirrose e trombose difusa do sistema porto-mesentérico é controverso e muitas vezes contraindicado em muitos centros de transplante hepático. O transplante hepático utilizando técnicas alternativas como a hemitransposição portocava falha na eliminação de complicações provenientes da hipertensão portal. O TMV substitui o fígado e todo o sistema venoso porto-mesentérico. Métodos: Uma base de dados de pacientes submetidos a transplante intestinal foi mantida com análise prospectiva de resultados. O diagnóstico de trombose difusa do sistema porto-mesentérico foi estabelecido através de tomografia abdominal em fases arterial e venosa, ou por ressonância magnética com reconstrução venosa. Resultados: Vinte e cinco pacientes com trombose de porta, estádio IV, foram submetidos ao TMV. Onze pacientes receberam transplante renal concomitante. Rejeição aguda confirmada por biópsia foi notada em cinco pacientes, que foram tratados com sucesso. Com um seguimento médio de 2,8 anos, a sobrevida de enxertos e pacientes foi de 80%, 72% e 72%, respectivamente. Até a presente data, todos os sobreviventes estão com boa função de enxerto e sem nenhum sintoma ou evidência de hipertensão portal. Conclusão: O TMV deve ser considerado como opção para o tratamento de pacientes com trombose portomesentérica difusa. O transplante multivisceral é o único procedimento que reverte completamente a hipertensão portal e a doença de base com uma sobrevida superior ao TH com reconstruções vasculares alternativas / Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of multivisceral transplantation (MVT) in the setting of diffuse thrombosis of the portomesenteric venous system. Background: Liver transplantation (LT) in the face of cirrhosis and diffuse portomesenteric thrombosis (DPMT) is controversial and contraindicated in many transplant centers. LT using alternative techniques such as portocaval hemitransposition fails to eliminate complications of portal hypertension. MVT replaces the liver and the thrombosed portomesenteric system. Methods: A database of intestinal transplant patients was maintained with prospective analysis of outcomes. The diagnosis of diffuse PMT was established with dual-phase abdominal computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging with venous reconstruction. Results: Twentyfive patients with grade IV DPMT received 25 MVT. Eleven patients underwent simultaneous cadaveric kidney transplantation. Biopsy proven acute cellular rejection was noted in 5 recipients, which was treated successfully. With a median follow-up of 2.8 years, patient and graft survival were 80%, 72%, and 72% at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively. To date, all survivors have good graft function without any signs of residual/recurrent features of portal hypertension. Conclusions: MVT can be considered as an option for the treatment of patients with diffuse DPMT. MVT is the only procedure that completely reverses portal hypertension and addresses the primary disease, while achieving superior survival results in comparison to the alternative vascular reconstructions