Este trabalho investigou o envolvimento de pais de bebês nos seis primeiros meses de frequência à creche. Baseado no conceito de envolvimento paterno, buscou-se investigar as transformações na interação, disponibilidade e responsabilidade dos pais sobre seus bebês com a entrada na creche. Para tanto, por meio de um estudo de caso coletivo de caráter longitudinal, quatro pais responderam a entrevistas em três momentos de coleta de dados, a saber: entrada do bebê na creche, um mês após a entrada e 6 meses após o ingresso na escola de educação infantil. Análise de conteúdo qualitativa indicou que tanto a creche quanto o desenvolvimento do bebê foram aliados do pai para a retomada do trabalho e da vida pessoal. O pai passou a interagir menos de acordo com os aspectos maternos da interação, uma exigência que vai muitas vezes além das suas capacidades. O presente estudo mostra a importância de se levar em consideração as necessidades e capacidades do pai que está envolvido no cuidado ao bebê. / This study investigated father involvement with their babies during the first six months in a child care center. Based on the concept of father involvement, we aimed to investigate the changes in fathers’ interaction, availability and responsibility concerning their babies over time. To this end, through a collective case study, with a longitudinal design, four fathers answered an interview in three times of data collection: entry in the child care center, one month and six months later. Qualitative content analysis indicated that the day care center and the baby's development helped the father to turn more to his work and to recover his personal life. The father was able to interact less according to the maternal aspects of the interaction, which may be beyond his capacity. The present study shows the importance of taking into consideration the needs and capacity of fathers involved in infant care.

In the United States, the state of fathering has been a concern across all racial groups. Approximately 73% of Black men father children prior to marriage in comparison to 56% of Hispanic men and 30% of White men. The proportion of children born outside of marriage rose from 40% to 47% between 2002 and 2006-2010 (Martinez, Daniels, & Chandra, 2012). Shifts in economic opportunities, cultural, social, and political factors have strong influences on the way in which fatherhood is defined, experienced, and judged. Although there is a plethora of research on fathering involvement in the area of non-resident fathering, this research is dominated by a sampling pool of middle-class European Americans. The purpose of this study was to examine parenting practices of non-residential African American fathers residing in the Midwest. I explored how these men defined what it meant to be a father and their perceptions of the influences on their fathering behaviors. Ten African American non-residential fathers from the Midwest were interviewed utilizing a phenomenological interview approach. Data were collected using one-hour semi-structured interviews that were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were then critically and rigorously analyzed, utilizing a four part coding, data analytic method including (1) applying open coding to identify emerging concepts, (2) applying in vivo coding by grouping similar comments into categories based on their common properties, (3) applying axial coding to group codes and to create themes, and (4) organized themes into categories that was based on the theory of planned behavior constructs. Five thematic domains (i.e. external variables, attitudes towards behavior, subjective norms, perceived control, and intentions), along with seventeen themes emerged from the phenomenology data analysis procedure including: bonding, father vs. sperm donor, father warmth, identity, father roles, influences, number of children, parent’s individual differences, sex and age of the child, employment, financial support, emotions, inter-parental conflict, inter-parental relationships, relationship quality, distance, and limit setting. Findings from this study lead to several recommendations for ways to strengthen the role of fathers within the non-residential family dynamic, with the ultimate goal of improving the health and well-being of all the members of the family.

Background: Today’s business environment is characterized by high competitiveness and fast-changing markets. Moreover, useful knowledge and expertise cannot only be found within a company but also outside the organizational boundaries. Therefore, a shift from closed and internal R&D processes to open and collaborative innovations with external sources can be noted in order to stay competitive.   Purpose: The concept of open innovation is well researched by various scholars in the context of large organizations and SMEs. However, the link to family firms is often missing and under researched. Resulting of the importance of the “how” component in family firm research, it is interesting to see how family firms actually implement the concept of open innovation and how it is influenced by unique family firm characteristics. Therefore, this study sheds light on how the family involvement affects the implementation of open innovation.   Method: We want to contribute to the theory with an exploratory research design and a multiple case-study method of eight selected family firms. Through semi-structured interviews with four family managers and four non-family managers, we gained insights from the organizational level concerning their open innovation strategy and implementation process. We used a cross-case analysis to compare the cases and indicate similarities and differences in order to draw our conclusions.   Conclusion: In general, the owning family is significantly important and influential for the open innovation strategy. First, family firms with family CEOs used open innovation as a response to internal drivers, however with non-family CEOs in charge internal and external forces are the drivers for an open innovation strategy. Second, families that are engaged in daily operations, execute an informal implementation process with loose communication practices, whereas family firms with an external CEO apply a formal implementation process. Additionally to this, we point out two managerial implications: open innovation needs to be embedded in the organizational culture and managers need to lead by example when implementing the concept.

Fundamentally the aim of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is to initiate social and/or environmental change. Because of the increased awareness of stakeholders and other public actors, it has become of any company’s interest to uphold their public image. The question remains whether companies undertake CSR activities for intrinsic moral reasons or to only uphold their reputation. Most research regarding CSR focuses on the influence of external factors (such as major stakeholders) and how different goals and opinions between these major actors reciprocate. One stakeholder within the sphere of CSR which has often been overlooked but has gained increased attention is the employee. So far, little attention has been paid to the people at work, like the human experience of the worker, thus questions remain regarding the influence of CSR activities on the identification, commitment, and satisfaction of employees.

This article investigates the evolution of a customer involvement concept and how Web 3.0 technology can contribute to it. We intend to answer the questions how do manufacturing companies involve customers into innovation processes, how they can benefit from Web 3.0 technology and we also rather general look upon adoption process of new tools. Information was obtained through executing intervention experiments in three manufacturing companies in the bathroom industry operating at the web 3.0 platform. The main part of the experiment includes ‘educational session’ by which we intend to create awareness about new Web 3.0 technology and observe changing perception of managers towards its possible use. We found out, first, that manufacturing companies mainly get ideas for new products from information deriving from their retailers, market surveys and fairs participation. Second, that Web 3.0 technology might be a complementary and alternative solution to traditional marketing research tools. Further, we drew conclusions and implications for both manufacturing companies and Web 3.0 technology providers. It was concluded that besides advantages of Web 3.0 technology over other customer involvement tools, Web 3.0 provides constant interaction between company and customers which is a valuable source for innovative ideas, thus, creating innovation in general. However, currently the process of new technology adoption is rather slow which is determined by a number of barriers discussed in the research.

Este trabalho investigou o envolvimento de pais de bebês nos seis primeiros meses de frequência à creche. Baseado no conceito de envolvimento paterno, buscou-se investigar as transformações na interação, disponibilidade e responsabilidade dos pais sobre seus bebês com a entrada na creche. Para tanto, por meio de um estudo de caso coletivo de caráter longitudinal, quatro pais responderam a entrevistas em três momentos de coleta de dados, a saber: entrada do bebê na creche, um mês após a entrada e 6 meses após o ingresso na escola de educação infantil. Análise de conteúdo qualitativa indicou que tanto a creche quanto o desenvolvimento do bebê foram aliados do pai para a retomada do trabalho e da vida pessoal. O pai passou a interagir menos de acordo com os aspectos maternos da interação, uma exigência que vai muitas vezes além das suas capacidades. O presente estudo mostra a importância de se levar em consideração as necessidades e capacidades do pai que está envolvido no cuidado ao bebê. / This study investigated father involvement with their babies during the first six months in a child care center. Based on the concept of father involvement, we aimed to investigate the changes in fathers’ interaction, availability and responsibility concerning their babies over time. To this end, through a collective case study, with a longitudinal design, four fathers answered an interview in three times of data collection: entry in the child care center, one month and six months later. Qualitative content analysis indicated that the day care center and the baby's development helped the father to turn more to his work and to recover his personal life. The father was able to interact less according to the maternal aspects of the interaction, which may be beyond his capacity. The present study shows the importance of taking into consideration the needs and capacity of fathers involved in infant care.

abstract: Criminologists have directed significant theoretical and empirical attention toward the institution of marriage over the past two decades. Importantly, the momentum guiding this line of research has increased despite the fact that people are getting married far less often and much later in the life course than in any point in American history. The aim of this dissertation is to address this disconnect by focusing attention to nonmarital romantic relationships and their instability during emerging adulthood. To do so, it uses data from the Pathways to Desistance Study, a longitudinal study of 1,354 at-risk males and females who were adjudicated from the juvenile and adult systems in Phoenix and Philadelphia between 2000 and 2003. The project focuses attention to the following issues: (1) the effect of romantic dissolution on aggressive and income-based offenses; (2) the extent to which strain/negative emotionality and peer influence/exposure account for the effect of romantic dissolution on crime; and (3) the extent to which certain relationship and individual circumstances moderate the effect of romantic dissolution. The models reveal a few key findings. First, romantic dissolution is strongly related to an increase in both aggressive and income-based crime, but is more strongly related to income-based crime. Second, the effect of romantic dissolution is reduced when measures of strain/negative emotionality and peer influence/exposure measures are added to models, but the peer influence/exposure measures account for the strongest reduction. Finally, romantic dissolution does not serve as a positive life event among these at-risk youth, but its effect is exacerbated under a number of contexts (e.g. when an individual is unemployed). This study closes with a summary of these findings as well as its key limitations, and offers insight into potential policy implications and avenues of future research. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Criminology and Criminal Justice 2013

abstract: ABSTRACT The high percentage and the steady growth of Hispanic/Latino students in Arizona demand that special attention be placed on improving academic achievement and attainment. The need to support Hispanic/Latino parents in becoming meaningful positive contributors to their children's schooling continues to surface as a critical issue in school improvement efforts in many Arizona districts. American Dream Academy, part of the Center for Community Development and Civil Rights at Arizona State University, has aimed to address this critical issue. Their focus has been to change Latino parents' beliefs about, knowledge of, and behaviors related to their children's education from pre-kindergarten to the post-secondary level. The Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler model, Realizing the American Dream, for parental involvement was the basis for the design of the curriculum used by the American Dream Academy. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy of the American Dream Academy in changing the beliefs, knowledge, and behaviors of parents. The data sources were demographic and pre- and post-academy surveys taken by 719 parents representing 42 Title 1 school districts throughout Maricopa County, Arizona during the spring semester of 2012. Two tailed t tests and the significant p values revealed statistically significant changes after participation in the academy for each one of the survey statement constructs, beliefs, knowledge, and behaviors. A computation of the effect sizes using Cohen's d revealed that there were moderate to large effect sizes for each of the constructs. The knowledge construct had the largest effect size. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed that the gains for each construct were positively correlated with each of the other constructs and that the relationships were statistically significant. The significant effects of the American Dream Academy's curriculum were considerable in changing parents' beliefs, knowledge, and behaviors as to pre-kindergarten and post-secondary education. Of special notice is the effect that the academy had on parents' knowledge of how to help their children as they navigate through the United States' educational system. It is recommended that school districts partner with the American Dream Academy in efforts to engage parents in meaningful participation. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ed.D. Educational Administration and Supervision 2013

abstract: Although prior research has identified negative consequences from marijuana use, some states are legalizing marijuana for medical use due to its medical utility. In 2010, the State of Arizona passed medical marijuana legislation, yet, to date, little research has been published about the specific population characteristics of medical marijuana users or their criminal activity. The purpose of this study is to present the characteristics of medical marijuana users and examine the relationship between medical marijuana use and crime, including substance use, by comparing four groups which are medical marijuana users with authorized medical marijuana ID card (authorized medical marijuana users, AuMM users), medical marijuana users without authorized medical marijuana ID card (non-authorized medical marijuana users, NonAuMM users), illegal marijuana users without authorized medical marijuana ID card (non-authorized marijuana users, NonAuM users), and non-marijuana users (Non-users). Data were collected from a sample of recently booked arrestees in Maricopa County, Arizona through the Arizona Arrestee Reporting Information Network (AARIN) project. A total of 2,656 adult arrestees participated in the study. Findings show that authorized medical marijuana users were more likely to be male, younger, and high school graduates. Medical marijuana users, on average, were likely to acquire more marijuana and spend more money on obtaining marijuana compared to non-authorized marijuana users. Whereas the authorized medical marijuana users had a higher probability for DUI and drug selling/making than non-marijuana users, non-authorized medical marijuana users had a higher probability for involvement property crime, violent crime, DUI, and drug selling/making than non-marijuana users. Authorized medical marijuana users were less likely to use meth compared to non-authorized medical marijuana users and non-authorized marijuana users. This study suggests that it is important to recognize the non-authorized medical marijuana users under medical marijuana policy as well as the DUI regulations and medical insurance. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Criminology and Criminal Justice 2014

Magister Educationis - MEd / South Africa is amongst the lowest performers in numeracy and literacy in the developing countries, according to Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS 2006). Systemic research conducted by the Western Cape Education Department has pointed to the fact that the literacy and numeracy skills of the learners in the Western Cape are far below what is required for them to learn and develop effectively. Many educators blame parents for learners’ poor academic achievement. This study therefore aims to explore challenges to parental involvement in the homework assignments of learners in a historically disadvantaged primary school in Cape Town. This exploratory qualitative case study followed an interpretive paradigm. Data was collected via field notes; and semi – structured interviews from individuals and focus groups. Thematic data analysis was used to determine challenges to parental involvement in homework assignments of the primary school learners. This research study is grounded on Epstein’s model of overlapping spheres of influence of family, school and community on learners’ learning; six typologies of parental involvement; and on Bronfenbrenner’s bio-ecological model of human development. General systems theory was kept in mind during the study. Where parents were not involved in homework assignments, it was not a deliberate act. The findings highlighted challenges such as poverty, unemployment, inequalities; lack of educational resources; lack of structure in the home; single parenting, school and community factors, and a lack of educational stimulation that negatively affected parental involvement in homework assignments. The blame that educators apportioned on parents for learners’ poor academic outcomes was thus found to be inaccurate. True systems thinkers never debate whether the cause or the solution is situated in one single system, but considers the interdependence between all the systems. The whole is therefore more important than the sum of the parts. Despite the many challenges that parents experience in helping the learners with homework, the parents still want their children to excel in academic work. Parents in the historically disadvantaged school however seek assistance in how to help the learners with homework assignments.