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Family in business and innovation are considered vital for firm performance and economic growth. Scholars claim that studying this relationship is important, as there are ‘strong theoretical reasons’ to believe that a firm’s innovation, hence firm performance, is positively and/or negatively influenced by the family. Research on the interception of the two fields is growing in developed countries, but is still nascent in developing country contexts. Hence, this study seeks to explore and further existing knowledge on this relationship in such a context. This investigation’ explores how family influences the firm’s innovation activities. It explores particularly the concept of ‘familiness’, which depicts those resources unique to a firm due to the involvement of the family members. Two approaches to ‘familiness’ are adopted, dimensions and resources. Concerning dimensions, three characteristics: components of involvement, essence and organisational identity were explored. The resources approach in this study includes four elements: financial, physical, human and social. In addition to this, the positive or negative nature of the family influence on each resource is considered. These two approaches of ‘familiness’ serves as the theoretical lens for understanding innovation comprehensively by taking into account the types, magnitudes, strategies and sources. This study adopted a qualitative approach to explore this phenomenon. Data were collected from six Colombian family firms through a self-administered questionnaire, followed by in-depth semi-structured interviews with family and nonfamily members in the form of a multi-case study design within purposefully selected firms. Triangulation was achieved by using different sources of information, such as documents, catalogues, newspapers, websites, and academic case studies. Due to the deductive and inductive nature of this study, data were explored and thematically analysed by coding into pre-existing categories suggested by the initial conceptual framework, while new themes emerged from the data. Results showed that when all three ‘familiness’ dimensions are present, there is an impact on the innovation activities within family firms. With respect to resources, the study highlighted the importance of the family influence on the firm’s human resource, and its impact on organisational innovation. This is particular the case when non-family members are more involved in top management teams. An intriguing finding is the relationship between the family’s foreign background and its influence of the firm’s overall innovation activities. In addition to this, by viewing the findings in this study as a whole, it is demonstrated that family firms in developing countries are innovative, which is contrary to existing studies on this subject area. Furthermore, it is advocated that this phenomenon would be better understood and further captured through the entrepreneurship lens. Hence, this is in line with recent views calling for a closer interception of family business and entrepreneurship. This study addresses these issues by weaving in Schumpeter’s ‘creative destruction’ and Kirzner’s ‘entrepreneurial discovery’ approaches to innovation to reconciliate inconsistent findings in the field of ‘innovation and family firms’. This is due to all firm’s engaging in innovative activities in an incremental (Kirznerian) nature, as opposed to a ‘radical’ (Schumpeterian) one, whereby the latter has been the main focus of previous studies. This thesis advocates the need for public and private institutions to implement family business and innovation courses at various levels throughout the country, in order to enable young generations to be expose to the challenges and opportunities that globalisation brings to developing economies. The study highlights the importance of exploring this phenomenon using the family itself as the unit of analysis, as opposed to the firm, in order to move the field forwards. Future research should test the conceptual framework that emerged from this study, both qualitatively and quantitatively, in family firms from other industries, and context within Latin America or beyond.

El propósito de esta investigación es estudiar las intenciones de crecimiento de las empresas de nuevos empresarios en una economía en transformación. Para ello se examina el caso concreto de Rumania. El estudio encuentra evidencia a favor de la existencia de 1) dos dimensiones conceptuales asociadas con las fuerzas socio-culturales que dan forma a la transición económica y política del país y 2) los conceptos teóricos asociados con el crecimiento y desarrollo socio-económico basado en la creación de empresas. Para ser específicos, la tesis investiga las relaciones entre la creación de empresas, la dinámica familiar y el desarrollo de las empresas privadas durante la transición socio-económica que ha tenido lugar en Rumania.La pregunta de investigación es la siguiente: "¿Cuáles son los niveles y los planes específicos de expansión entre los nuevos empresarios en Rumania, una nación del antiguo bloque soviético?; ¿Cuáles son las variables que predicen estos planes de expansión y cómo el sistema de valores del entorno social y la familia, especialmente, afectan a estos planes de crecimiento?El objetivo de esta investigación es examinar con detalle las dimensiones individuales, grupales y del entorno que tienen un impacto en el desarrollo de las nuevas empresas a través de los planes de crecimiento y desarrollo de los empresarios. Los objetivos específicos, entonces, son los siguientes: 1) identificar los planes de crecimiento de las nuevas empresas que los empresarios quieren poner en marcha, 2) determinar los niveles de intensidad con los cuales los empresarios desean aplicar sus planes de crecimiento y 3) investigar el impacto que la dinámica familiar tiene en las intenciones de crecimiento planificadas.En primer lugar se desarrolla un modelo teórico multidimensional acerca de los predoctores de los planes de expansión. Concretamente, se identifica un conjunto de variables y su relación con los planes de expansión de los empresarios. Tres dimensiones teóricas forman el modelo predictivo: 1) variables a nivel micro relacionadas con la personalidad del empresario, 2) variables a nivel intermedio relacionadas con la dinámica social, especialmente la familiar y 3) variables a nivel macro relacionadas con el entorno en el cual el empresario desarrolla su labor.Los resultados de una encuesta realizada a 410 empresario rumanos es utilizada para poner a prueba el modelo teórico multidimensional. Los datos fueron recogidos a partir de la encuesta del 'perfil del empresario' que ha sido utilizada en Europa, Asia y América. La muestra incluye una gran variedad de grupos industriales y es muy rica en detalles acerca del comportamiento del empresario. Para su análisis se ha utilizado una combinación de técnicas multivariantes de investigación que han permitido obtener las dimensiones teóricas no observables a partir de los indicadores suministrados por la muestra y después analizar las relaciones establecidas. / The focus of this study is to investigate the entrepreneurial growth intentions and expansion plans of new entrepreneurs in a transforming economy. As a focused method of investigation one country, Romania is examined. The study probes both the conceptual dimensions associated with the socio-cultural forces shaping transition, and the theoretical concepts associated with entrepreneurial centered socio-economic growth and development. Specifically the dissertation investigates the relationships between entrepreneurship, family dynamics and private enterprise development during socio-economic transition in Romania.The general research question posed is "What are the levels, and specific types of expansion plans found among new entrepreneurs in the former Soviet Bloc nation of Romania; what are the predictors of these expansion plans; and how do the environmental value systems and family dynamics impact planned growth?"The objective of this study is to examine thoroughly the different individual, group and environmental dimensions which impact entrepreneurial venture development via planned growth intentions and expansion plans. The study's central objectives are to 1) to identify what types of planned growth initiatives entrepreneurs intend to pursue, 2) to ascertain the levels of intensity entrepreneurs have towards planned growth, and 3) to investigate the impact family dynamics have on planned growth intentions.A theoretical multidimensional model of the predictors of expansion plans is developed. Specifically, a set of exogenous variables comprising a sequence of relationships are hypothesized to be related to entrepreneurial expansion plans. Three dimensions comprise the predictive model; 1) Micro level variables associated with the entrepreneur's personality, 2) Intermediate level variables related to societal dynamics, including family involvement and 3) Macro level variables affiliated with the comprehensive environment entrepreneurs operate in.The results of a survey of 410 Romanian entrepreneurs is used to test the multidimensional model. Data has been collected via the Entrepreneurial Profile Questionnaire which has been validated in Europe, Asia, and North and South America. The sample includes a rich cross section across a variety of industrial groups. Data is analyzed using a combination of descriptive and relational research techniques. A series of multivariate statistical procedures is employed to analyze the data and test the multidimensional model.

In recent years, there has been a global trend of adopting International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). In 2011, Canada joined this trend by implementing mandatory IFRS adoption for publicly traded firms. Proponents of IFRS adoption claim that it will benefit investors by improving comparability and transparency of firms. At the same time, research on family firms has seen increasing focus. Because of family ties to the firm, family firms can exhibit different motivations, behaviours and performance than do non-family firms. In this research, I attempt to gain insight on the effects of IFRS adoption for a unique set of firms, namely publicly traded family firms by examining the effect of IFRS adoption on earnings informativeness. Although previous literature examines the economic consequences of IFRS adoption, my study is the first to my knowledge that examines IFRS adoption effects on the unique set of family firms. I run a pooled regression to examine the effects of IFRS adoption on earnings informativeness. I find that IFRS adoption by Canadian family firms is associated with a statistically significant higher level of earnings informativeness. The findings of this research could have implications for standard setters, minority shareholders of family firms, and academic researchers.

I investigate how the presence of outsiders in the senior management team is related to the financing decision of Chinese listed family firms. For a sample of listed family firms from 2008 to 2017, I find that family firms with more outsiders in their senior management team (including the CEO, vice general manager, CFO, secretary of the board of directors, and other persons specified in the articles of Association) have higher leverage and take on more debt. Further, from the aspect of different financing choices, my empirical analysis shows that family firms with a higher proportion of outsiders take on fewer bank loans but issue more bonds. I use the proportion of outsiders in the firm's senior management team to measure the presence of outsiders in family firms. Besides, for the robustness test, I also use two dummy variables to measure the presence of outsiders in family firms. One indicates whether the family members fully exit from the senior executive team (including board chair, CEO, and CFO), and the other indicates whether the family members fully exit from the senior management team (including CEO, vice general manager, CFO, secretary of the board of directors, and other persons specified in the articles of Association). The results are consistent. To deal with the potential endogeneity issues, I use the outsiders’ full control of the senior executive team of the family firms as an exogenous shock to conduct PSM-DID analysis, and the results still hold. To conduct a heterogeneity analysis, I investigate factors that could moderate the relation between the presence of outsiders and financing policy in family firms from the perspective of family firms’ expropriation risks. The results show that the positive relationship between the presence of outsiders and the issue of bonds are both more pronounced for family firms with a higher amount of related party transactions, and for family firms with higher other receivables. My study shows that the presence of outsiders in family firms has a significant impact on firms’ financing decisions. In specific, the presence of outsiders leads to significantly higher leverage in family firms, fewer bank loans, and a larger amount of bond issuance. Considering the superiority of bonds to bank loans in the issuance procedure, amount, maturity, and cost, the positive impact of the presence of outsiders on bond issuance indicates that outsiders help to alleviate family firms’ financing constraints and improve financing structure. In addition, the strengthening role of expropriation risks in the positive relation of the presence of outsiders and bonds issuance also provides some implication that the introduction of outsiders in family firms helps to improve family firms’ governance structure, alleviate the concerns of creditors, and thus reduce agency conflicts between family shareholders and creditors. / Business Administration/Finance

This dissertation follows extant scale development practices to propose, develop, and validate a measurement instrument for the family legacy orientation construct. Family legacy orientation (FLO) is understood to be the shared intentions and preferences a family has regarding the biological, social, and material components of the family legacy. The context of the family firm is of specific interest to the dissertation. The dissertation builds and extends our theoretical understanding of family legacy within the field of family business research. In doing so, the dissertation explores many ideas presented by Hammond et al. (2016; p. 1209) who emphasized the importance of the topic by stating “interest in the family’s pursuit of a legacy has grown along with the widespread acknowledgment that controlling families value many noninancial and family-related outcomes, suggesting that family legacy can be a unique source of motivation similar to socioemotional wealth (Chrisman, Chua, & Sharma, 2003; Miller, Steier, & Le Breton-Miller, 2003; Jaffe & Lane, 2004; Zahra, 2005)”. In this dissertation, FLO is proposed to influence intergenerational decision making and strategies.

Yes / We explore the process of professionalization pre- and post-buyout (MBO) or buyin (MBI) of former private family firms using longitudinal evidence from six UK family firms undergoing an MBO/I in 1998. Professionalization behaviour was monitored up to 2014. Previous studies have conceptualized professionalization as a threshold to be attained. We demonstrate that professionalization is a complex process occurring in waves, triggered by changes in firm ownership and management. Waves of professionalization converge during the MBO/I process. Buyouts provide a funnelling mechanism enabling diverse control systems to be standardized. Post-MBO/I, divergence in the professionalization process reoccurs contingent on firm-specific contexts. Professionalization focuses on operations when stewardship relationships predominate, but on agency control mechanisms when there is increased potential for agency costs. Buyout organizational form is an important transitory phase facilitating the professionalization process. Professionalization is not a once-for-all development stage.

Yes / We explore the process of professionalization pre- and post- buyout (MBO) or buyin (MBI) of former private family firms using longitudinal evidence from six UK family firms undergoing an MBO/I in 1998. Professionalization behaviour was monitored up to 2014. Previous studies have conceptualized professionalization as a threshold to be attained. We demonstrate that professionalization is a complex process occurring in waves, triggered by changes in firm ownership and management. Waves of professionalization converge during the MBO/I process. Buyouts provide a funnelling mechanism enabling diverse control systems to be standardized. Post-MBO/I, divergence in the professionalization process reoccurs contingent on firm-specific contexts. Professionalization focuses on operations when stewardship relationships predominate, but on agency control mechanisms when there is increased potential for agency costs. Buyout organizational form is an important transitory phase facilitating the professionalization process. Professionalization is not a once for all development stage. / The Enterprise Research Centre is an independent research centre which focusses on SME growth and productivity. ERC is a partnership between Warwick Business School, Aston Business School, Imperial College Business School, Strathclyde Business School and Birmingham Business School. The Centre is funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC); the Department for Business, Innovation & Skills (BIS); Innovate UK; and, through the British Bankers Association (BBA), by the Royal Bank of Scotland PLC; HSBC Bank PLC; Barclays Bank PLC and Lloyds Bank PLC. The support of the funders is acknowledged. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the funders.

El presente estudio busca determinar la relación entre la asertividad y los estilos de afrontamiento de un grupo de trabajadores de una empresa familiar del sector Avícola en Perú. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 77 trabajadores, 44 hombres y 33 mujeres, con edades entre los 18 y más de 55 años, pertenecientes a las áreas administrativas de la empresa. Los instrumentos empleados fueron el Test de Afrontamiento (COPE) adaptado a Perú (Casuso, 1996) y el Test de Asertividad Rathus la versión Costaricense (León y Vargas, 2009). Los resultados revelaron la existencia de una correlación moderada entre ambas variables, así como correlaciones internas entre los estilos de afrontamiento y entre los tipos de asertividad. Las cuales fueron discutidas en cuatro hallazgos principales: a) Relación entre asertividad y el estilo de afrontamiento enfocado en el problema; b) Relación entre asertividad y el estilo de afrontamiento enfocado en la emoción; c) Asertividad en la empresa familiar; y d) Estilos de afrontamiento en la empresa familia. Finalmente, se dieron las recomendaciones para la futura gestión de ambas variables en la empresa donde se aplicaron las pruebas. / The present study aimed determine the relationship between Assertiveness and Coping styles of a group of workers from a Family Business of the Poultry sector in Peru. The sample consisted of 77 workers, 44 men and 33 women, aged between 18 and over 55, belonging to the administrative areas of the company. The instruments that were used the Coping Test adapted to Peru (Casuso, 1996) and the Rathus Assertiveness Test, the Costa Rican version (León and Vargas, 2009). The results revealed the existence of a moderate correlation between both variables, as well as internal correlations between coping styles and between assertiveness types. Which were discussed in four main findings: a) Relationship between assertiveness and coping style focused on the problem; b) Relationship between assertiveness and coping style focused on emotion; c) Assertiveness in family firms; and d) Coping styles in family firms. Finally, recommendations were given for the future management of both variables in the company where the tests were applied. / Tesis