Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1955. / Typescript. Includes abstract and vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-92).

Thesis--University of California, Berkeley, 1959. / "Physics and Mathematics" -t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 110-115).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1965. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: l. 41-42.

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O hipertireoidismo da doença de Graves é a forma mais comum de hipertireoidismo em pacientes entre 20-50 anos. Três abordagens terapêuticas são atualmente utilizadas, drogas antitireoidiana, cirurgia e iodo radioativo (131I). O iodo radioativo tem sido cada vez mais aceito como primeira escolha terapêutica, porque é um tratamento seguro, definitivo e de fácil administração. O risco de piora do quadro de tireotoxicose após administração do 131I, os fatores prognósticos de falência e o cálculo da dose administrada têm sido alguns dos aspectos discutidos na literatura recentemente, e constituem o foco desta artigo. Em pacientes com bócios pequenos (<30g), crianças e adolescentes, e em situações especiais como na gravidez, as drogas antitireoidianas ainda é a primeira escolha no tratamento para a maioria dos autores. O tratamento cirúrgico é, atualmente, quase um tratamento de exceção, com indicação restrita para os casos em que as terapias anteriores não possam ser utilizadas. / Graves’ disease is the most frequent cause of hyperthyroidism and current treatment options are antithyroid drugs, radioiodine (131I) and surgery. Radioactive iodine is increasingly being used as definitive therapy, because it long has proven to be a safe, cheap and effective treatment. The risk of exacerbation of hyperthyroidism after 131I administration, factors that may predict the response to radioiodine and the dose to be administrated have been discussed in the literature and we comment the controversies in this review. In patients with mild disease, small goiters, children, adolescents and in special situations, as pregnancy, antityhyroid drugs are still the first choice of treatment for most authors. Surgery is rarely employed, and it is indicated only in cases where antithyroid drugs have not been effective and radioiodine is contraindicated or not acceptable by the patients.

Iodine is an essential nutrient for thyroid hormone production. Due to inadequate public health measures, mild-moderate iodine deficiency has become a re-emerging problem in many developed countries in the past decades. Insufficient consumption of iodine in pregnancy may lead to brain damage and a lower Intelligence Quotient (IQ) in children in comparison to children of mothers with adequate intake. Recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) data have shown that even though the non-pregnant United States (U.S) population has adequate iodine intake, U.S pregnant women are currently mildly iodine deficient, with median urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) being 129 μg/L. In 2004 pregnant women who attended the Boston Medical Center (BMC) Antenatal Clinic were also mildly iodine deficient, with median UIC of 149 μg/L. These values were higher than the NHANES median UIC (129 μg/L) Due to national trends of mild-moderate iodine deficiency among pregnant women, and since in 2011 the American Thyroid Association recommended that prenatal vitamins contain 150 μg of iodine, in this study we aimed to determine if the iodine status among the BMC pregnant women has changed. We also aimed to assess consumption of iodine-containing foods, knowledge regarding iodine nutrition, and frequency of use of iodine-containing prenatal vitamins. We conducted a cross-sectional study targeting 125 women living in the Boston area attending the BMC Antenatal Clinic. To date, 61 women have been enrolled. Participants provided urine samples, and completed questionnaires about their recent food intake and demographic characteristics. The participants’ mean age was 31 ± 6.7 years and their median UIC was 145.5 μg/L (range 17.5 μg/L- 886 μg/L). As expected, UIC was positively associated with iodine supplement intake and recent consumption of iodine-rich foods (milk cheese) (p< 0.0001 for each), although these associations were not significant in multivariate analysis. No associations were observed between UIC and other factors such as age, race, education, use of multivitamins containing iodine in the past 24 hours, and whether health providers discussed iodine nutrition, possibly due to a small sample size. Our results indicated that the iodine status of pregnant women attending B.M.C remained mildly iodine deficient in the past decade despite the recommended measures to increase the iodine content in multivitamins. In our sample, 52.5% of the pregnant women who attended BMC were mildly iodine deficient with median UIC <150 μg/L. Thus half of the pregnant women are at risk of brain damage occurring to their infant. It is important that follow up studies are done to determine the neurodevelopment of these children, as they grow older. Also since the intake of multivitamins containing iodine and consumption of dairy foods was positively associated with higher UIC levels, further measures need to be undertaken to ensure that all prenatal vitamins have 150 μg of iodine, and that pregnant women have higher dairy consumption, in order to increase their iodine intake. As well, larger regional and national studies should be undertaken to better understand current iodine status and sources of iodine among pregnant women.

O hipertireoidismo da doença de Graves é a forma mais comum de hipertireoidismo em pacientes entre 20-50 anos. Três abordagens terapêuticas são atualmente utilizadas, drogas antitireoidiana, cirurgia e iodo radioativo (131I). O iodo radioativo tem sido cada vez mais aceito como primeira escolha terapêutica, porque é um tratamento seguro, definitivo e de fácil administração. O risco de piora do quadro de tireotoxicose após administração do 131I, os fatores prognósticos de falência e o cálculo da dose administrada têm sido alguns dos aspectos discutidos na literatura recentemente, e constituem o foco desta artigo. Em pacientes com bócios pequenos (<30g), crianças e adolescentes, e em situações especiais como na gravidez, as drogas antitireoidianas ainda é a primeira escolha no tratamento para a maioria dos autores. O tratamento cirúrgico é, atualmente, quase um tratamento de exceção, com indicação restrita para os casos em que as terapias anteriores não possam ser utilizadas. / Graves’ disease is the most frequent cause of hyperthyroidism and current treatment options are antithyroid drugs, radioiodine (131I) and surgery. Radioactive iodine is increasingly being used as definitive therapy, because it long has proven to be a safe, cheap and effective treatment. The risk of exacerbation of hyperthyroidism after 131I administration, factors that may predict the response to radioiodine and the dose to be administrated have been discussed in the literature and we comment the controversies in this review. In patients with mild disease, small goiters, children, adolescents and in special situations, as pregnancy, antityhyroid drugs are still the first choice of treatment for most authors. Surgery is rarely employed, and it is indicated only in cases where antithyroid drugs have not been effective and radioiodine is contraindicated or not acceptable by the patients.

Abstrakt The work deals with the content of iodine in pools samples cow's milk. It provides information about the content of iodine in the Czech Republic within years and districts. Milk was obtained in collaboration with Madeta a.s. Iodine was subsequently determined by spectrophotometry after alkaline combustion of the sample (Sandell-Kolthoff method). A total were evaluated of 149 samples milk (2013-2015). In 2013, the average iodine content in bulk milk samples 289,3 gl-1. In 2014, the average iodine content in bulk milk samples 222,2 microgram.l-1. In terms of food source of iodine in the milk TRÁVNÍČEK et al. (2011) reported the optimal value for the content of iodine in the milk of between 100 to 200 microgram.l-1. The results are thus slightly higher than the optimum. Within the districts was found the highest average in 2013 in the district of Tábor (398,0 microgram.l-1). The highest average content measured in 2014 was found in the district Prachatice (357,0 microgram.l-1), while the lowest average value measured was found in the district Třebíč (163,0 microgram.l-1).

Milk and dairy products are one of the most important sources of essential trace elements in human nutrition. My thesis provides informations about the content of zinc, copper and iodine in milk during the lactation and also includes the impact of other factors on the content of elements. The experiment includes dairy cattle breedings from Hořepník and Chyšná which are located in the region Vysočina. Another breeding is from Haklovy Dvory. It is located in southern Bohemia. Milk samples were taken in the relation to performance monitoring. During the period 25 to 132 days of lactation were taken 90 samples of milk from the Hořepník breeding. From breeding Chyšná were taken 78 samples of milk in the period of 11 - 89 days of lactation and from breeding Haklovy Dvory 81 samples of milk during the period 23 to 244 days of lactation. Copper and zinc content in milk was determined by atomic absorption spektrometry. The iodine content in the milk was set by spectrometry after incineration alkaline by Sandell-Kolthoff. The average zinc content in the milk was 3.59 ? 1.15 mg-l-1. The average copper content in milk was 0.14 ? 0.12 mg-l-1and the average content of iodine in the milk was 0.18 ? 0 06 mg-l-1. The greatest variability in milk was proved to copper (V = 82,65%), the lowest zinc (V = 32,05%). The greatest effect of the duration of lactation was observed in breeding Hořepník (Zn: rxy = -0,430, Cu: rxy = -0,425, I: rxy = 0,326). The influence of the duration of lactation was insignifant in the breeding Haklovy Dvory and Chyšná. Cow's milk, according to our results, supply the iodine accounts from 19,2% for men and 52,4% for women. The milk supply the zinc accounts from 5,2 % for men and 7,2 % for women, and copper from 2,5% for both sex.