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Orientadores: Marcio Zaffalon Casati, Sergio de Toledo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T05:18:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zanatta_GuilhermeMenegaz_M.pdf: 1445889 bytes, checksum: 0fedbc30f301f1ad577e7698631e8f8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar um protocolo de tratamento periodontal, baseado no debridamento periodontal boca toda em estágio único, com ultra-som, associado ou não ao iodo polivinilpirrolidona (pvp-i). Foram utilizados 40 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com pelo menos 8 dentes, distribuídos nas duas arcadas, com profundidade de sondagem maior ou igual a 5mm e presença de sangramento após a sondagem. Os pacientes foram divididos aleatoriamente em 3 grupos, com 15 pacientes, que receberam os seguintes tratamentos: grupo Tc = raspagem e alisamento radicular realizado por arcada, com curetas convencionais, sem limite de tempo, associado ao ultra-som e solução refrigerante de Cloreto de Sódio (NaCl) 0,9%; grupo Di = debridamento periodontal boca toda em estágio único, num tempo máximo de 45 minutos, com ultra-som, tendo como solução refrigerante pvp-i à 0,5% de iodo ativo; grupo D = debridamento periodontal boca toda em estágio único, num tempo máximo de 45 minutos, com ultra-som, tendo como substância refrigerante NaCl 0,9%. Na reavaliação de 3 meses, a redução média da profundidade de sondagem no grupo D foi de 2,58mm ± 0,6, no grupo Di foi de 2,54mm ± 0,50 e no grupo Tc ficou em 2,50mm ± 0,52. Na avaliação do nível clínico de inserção observou-se um ganho de 1,86mm ± 0,56 no grupo Tc, 1,95mm ± 0,70 no grupo Di e 2,00mm ± 0,92 no grupo D. Não houve diferença estatística, na análise intergrupo dos parâmetros clínicos, aos 3 meses de acompanhamento (p>0,05). Durante a análise da recessão gengival não se observou diferença significativa entre os grupos, apenas em relação aos períodos avaliados. A avaliação da atividade tipo tripsina do biofilme apresentou uma redução significativa apenas no primeiro mês (Tc= 4,03 ± 5,43; Di= 6,51 ± 4,83; D= 7,98 ± 5,97), não houve diferença intragrupo aos 3 meses (p=0,80). Esses achados revelaram que o debridamento periodontal boca toda em estágio único, com ultra-som, associado ou não ao pvp-i, mostrou ser capaz de restabelecer a saúde periodontal de pacientes portadores de periodontite crônica / Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical effects of a single course of full mouth debridement with ultrasound associated to irrigation with 0.5% pvp-iodine in chronic periodontitis patients. Forty patients were randomly assigned into three groups: The CG group received quadrant root planning at intervals of one week over four consecutive sessions; the PD-PIG group received full mouth debridement with ultrasound associated to 0.5% pvp-iodine irrigation in 45 min; and the PDG group received full mouth debridement with ultrasound associated to NaCl irrigation in 45 min. At 3 month¿s reevaluation the mean PD reduction in CG group was 2.51 mm ± 0.52, 2.53 mm ± 0.50 in PD-PIG group and 2.58 mm ± 0.60 in PDG group. The CAL analysis showed a gain of 1.87 mm ± 0.56 (CG), 1.94 mm ± 0.70 (PD-PIG) and 1.99 mm ± 0.92 (PDG). When comparing baseline to 3-month reevaluation statistically significance was observed in PD reduction and CAL gains (p<0.05). BAPNA test did not show any statistically difference in plaque samples at 3 months when compared to baseline (p=0.80). These findings suggest that one-stage full-mouth debridement can obtain beneficial effects instead of short time treatment / Mestrado / Periodontia / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

Orientadores: Antonio Wilson Sallum, Marcio Zaffalon Casati / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T05:21:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_SauloCabraldos_M.pdf: 822959 bytes, checksum: 370e71f36185b35afcdc9297b0e1d6bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os níveis de compostos sulfurados voláteis (CSV¿s) após a descontaminação das mucosas orais com uma solução aquosa de iodo povidine a 10%. Concluíram o estudo 22 pacientes com doença periodontal crônica, apresentando no mínimo 6 bolsas periodontais (³ 5mm). Os pacientes foram divididos em 2 (dois) grupos, cada um com 13 pacientes aleatoriamente selecionados: Grupo 01 (Controle) e o Grupo 02 (Teste). Os CSV¿s foram medidos utilizando-se um monitor portátil de sulfetos (Halimeterâ). As regiões determinadas para a medição dos CSV¿s foram as seguintes: a) Narina direita; b) Narina esquerda; c) Entrada da boca; d) Dorso posterior da língua; e) Ar metabólico (dos pulmões). A desinfecção das mucosas orais foi executada usando-se um swab estéril saturado com água destilada para o grupo 01 ou iodo-povidine a 10% para o grupo 02. Foram executadas medições iniciais e, repetidas após o uso da substância, no período de 1 hora, 2, 10 e 20 dias após. Os resultados mostraram uma diminuição estatisticamente significante (p<0.05) nos níveis de CSV¿s do grupo teste (iodo) na medição de 1 hora, nas regiões da entrada da boca e dorso posterior da língua, quando comparados com a mesma região do grupo controle. As demais regiões não apresentaram nenhuma alteração. Concluiu-se que o uso tópico de iodo-povidine a 10% nas mucosas orais diminui temporariamente a produção dos CSV¿s quando medidos com um monitor portátil de sulfetos, nas regiões da entrada da boca e dorso posterior da língua, independentemente do tratamento periodontal ter sido realizado / Abstracts: The aim of this study was to evaluate the volatile sulphur compounds level (VSC) after oral mucous disinfection with 10% iodine-povidone aqueous solution. The study involved 26 patients with chronic periodontitis presenting a minimum of 6 periodontal pockets (³ 5mm). Patients were randomly assigned in two groups, each one with 13 patients: Group one (placebo-control) and Group two (iodine-test). Specific regions for VSC level measurements were: A) Nostril right; B) Nostril left; C) Mouth entrance; D) Tongue posterior dorsum; E) Metabolic air (lung air). The measurements were carried out with portable sulfide monitor (Halimeterâ). The oral mucous disinfections were performed using a sterile swab saturated with distilled water for group one or 10% iodine-povidone for group two. Prior application of substances, initial VSC measurements were taken. After application, the measurements were repeated 1 hour, 2, 10 and 20 days. The results showed a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) for VSC level measurements in mouth entrance and tongue posterior dorsum after 1 hour to test group. The others assessed regions do not presented significant differences. It was concluded that the topic use of 10% iodine-povidone in the oral mucous temporarily decrease the VSC levels in mouth entrance and tongue posterior dorsum, independently of the periodontal treatment execution / Mestrado / Periodontia / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

Master of Science / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Jim L. Nelssen / Five-hundred and four barrows and gilts were used in four experiments to determine the influence of dietary ingredients on fat quality. Experiment 1 evaluated feeding duration of choice white grease (CWG) and soybean oil. Increasing feeding duration of pigs fed CWG or soybean oil increased (quadratic, P < 0.01) iodine value (IV) in jowl fat and backfat. Pigs fed soybean oil had increased (P < 0.01) IV in jowl and backfat compared with pigs fed CWG. In Exp. 2 dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), extruded expelled soybean meal (EESM), and CWG were used to evaluate diets with common iodine value product (IVP) from ingredients varying in unsaturated fat level and concentration. Pigs fed either diet with DDGS had increased (P = 0.02) backfat and jowl fat IV, compared with all other treatments. Pigs fed EESM had increased (P = 0.04) backfat and jowl fat IV compared with the control, low CWG, and high CWG. Pigs fed low CWG and high CWG had increased (P = 0.04) jowl fat IV compared to the control. Increasing dietary fat increased carcass fat IV, with unsaturated fats from DDGS and EESM having a greater affect than more saturated fats, such as CWG, even when formulated to the same IVP. Experiment 3 evaluated the effects of increasing CWG in corn- and sorghum-based diets on fat quality. There was a grain source X fat level interaction (P = 0.04) for IV in both backfat and jowl fat. Adding CWG increased IV in backfat and jowl fat for pigs fed corn- and sorghum-based diets; however, the greatest increase was between 0 and 2.5% CWG in sorghum-based diets and between 2.5 and 5% CWG in corn-based diets. Despite this interaction, pigs fed corn-based diets had increased (P < 0.01) backfat and jowl fat IV compared with pigs fed sorghum-based diets. Increasing CWG increased (linear, P < 0.01) IV in backfat and jowl fat. Experiment 4 examined the effects of DDGS on fat quality. Backfat, jowl fat, and belly fat IV increased (linear, P = 0.02) with increasing DDGS in both the pigs marketed on d 57 and 78.

A weak absorption in iodine vapour was reported by earlier workers to not obey Beer's Law, and was attributed to the dimer I₄. The ultraviolet spectrum of iodine vapour was reinvestigated in this study on a more quantitative basis. The extinction coefficients have been found to be independent of concentration of iodine (10 ̄⁵ to 10 ̄² M), pressure of an inert gas (up to 1 atm), and temperature (25°C to 220°C, except for the usual temperature broadening). The absorption continuum (maximum 2694±3 A; oscillator strength 4.98 ±. 05 x 10 ̄⁴) must be due to a transition in the free molecule to a repulsive state correlating with either ²P3/2 + ²P3/2 or ²P3/2 + ²P1/2 atoms. The identification of the upper state involved and of the mechanism allowing the transition to occur were not possible with the available evidence. The previous identification of I₄ in solution and of Br₄ in the vapour phase, determined by similar ultraviolet continua, are discussed in relation to the lack of evidence for I₄ in the vapour phase found in this study. / Science, Faculty of / Chemistry, Department of / Graduate

Dynamic isomerization of diethylstilbestrol (DES) makes it difficult to ascertain the active estrogen between its E and Z isomers. An indirect approach has been used in this project to identify the active estrogen. Methoxylated E- and Z-DES (13 and 14) and 9,10-diethylphenanthrene-3,6-diol (15), a closed ring analog of Z-DES, were synthesized and tested for their estrogenicity. The estrogenicity of 13 is higher than that of 14 and 15, which indicates that E-DES is more estrogenic than Z-DES. Dimethylstilbestrol (16), another analog of DES, was also synthesized and tested. Its estrogenicity is lower than that of DES. Non-estrogenic analogs of bisphenol-A were designed based on the observation that (15) is far less estrogenic than DES. Closed ring analogs of bisphenol-A, 3,6-dihydroxy-9,9-dimethylfluorene (34), 2,6-dihydroxy-9,9-dimethylfluorene (35), and 2,7-dhydroxy-9,9-dimethylfluorene (36) were synthesized and they were found to have little or no estrogenicity. An open ring analog of bisphenol-A, 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (33) was also synthesized and its estrogenicity is much lower than that of bisphenol-A. Polycarbonate of 36 was also synthesized and its glass transition temperature was measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Glass transition temperature of polycarbonate of 36 was found to be 199.92 oC, which is about 50o higher than that of bisphenol-A polycarbonate (150 oC). This indicates that polycarbonate of 36 forms a harder plastic than bisphenol-A polycarbonate. Compounds 2,8-dihydroxy-5,5-dioxo-dibenzothiophene (69) and 2,8-dihydroxydibenzothiophene (70) were also synthesized and were tested as non-estrogenic alternatives for bisphenol-S and bisphenol sulfide, respectively. Compound 69 and 70 were found to be less estrogenic than bisphenol-S and bisphenol sulfide respectively agreeing with our hypothesis. Iodane/quaternary ammonium halide in nitromethane was utilized to explore aromatic bromination, N-nitrosation-dealkylation, and benzoate ester formation from benzylamines. Koser's reagent was found to be a suitable iodane for aromatic bromination reaction, whereas for N-nitrosation-dealkylation, IBX gave the best yields. Further, for N-nitrosation-dealkylation reaction, the halides of quaternary ammonium salts play a crucial role. The effectiveness of halides follows F- > Cl- > Br- ~ I-. The lack of N-nitrosation-dealkylation and ester formation in the absence of nitromethane indicates that nitromethane is playing an essential role as well. Yields of benzoate ester from benzyl amines were low (~22%). Optimization experiments will be performed in the future. Plausible reaction mechanisms for these reactions were proposed. Aromatic bromination was thought to be induced either by iodane/halide adduct or by BrOH that was formed from iodane/halide adduct. Ester formation and N-nitrosation-dealkylation were believed to be induced either by alkyl nitrite or by nitrous acid, generated from the reaction of iodane/halide adduct with nitromethane.

<p>Iodine is considered an essential nutrient as lack can cause severe metabolic and neurological issues in adults, with the added consequence of permanent developmental damage in children and infants. However, excessive iodine intake can result in similar symptoms, with a wide variance in adverse health outcomes. The safe range of iodine intake may be relatively low, with some studies suggesting the possibility of a high frequency of subclinical cases of iodine poisoning going unnoticed or misdiagnosed. </p> <p>In this study, the zebrafish model was tested as an integrative whole animal model to demonstrate behavioral, morphological, and genetic responses to overt and subclinical iodine poisoning in developing humans. Zebrafish embryos were treated with sodium iodide (NaI) immediately after fertilization. Survivability was monitored every 24 hours until 120 hours post fertilization (hpf). Concentrations with no statistical significance on survival, plus the smallest dose of significant lethality were then examined using behavioral analysis at 120 hpf to compare both overt and subclinical outcomes. Morphology measurements of body length, head length, head width, brain length, swim bladder volume, jaw length, and ventral dissension were also recorded at 120 hpf. Gene expression of <i>slc5a5</i>, <i>tpo</i>, and <i>tshba</i> at 72 hpf was also measured using quantitative PCR (qPCR). </p> <p>A significant decrease in survival rates were observed at 24 hpf for 25, 37.5, and 50 mM NaI treatments (p<0.0001). Morphological measurements taken at 120 hpf showed a significant increase in body length, head length, head width, jaw length, and swim bladder volume in the 10 mM NaI treatment group (p<0.0001) and a significant decrease in body length, head length, jaw length, and swim bladder volume in the 25 mM treatment group (p<0.0001). A ventral distension also developed near the location of the thyroid gland exclusively in the 25 mM group. </p> <p>Behavioral analysis showed significant increases in movement for both the 10 mM and 25 mM treatment groups during dark phases (p<0.0001). The 25 mM treatment group had an increase in movement during dark phases for standard well environments (p<0.0001), but this did not hold true for larger well environments, instead trending towards a non-significant decrease (p>0.05). The 10 mM group had a significant decrease during the first light phase in standard wells (p=0.002), with a significant increase in the second light phase for large wells (p=0.005). There were no significant changes in the expression of selected genes associated with the thyroid pathway (<i>slc5a5</i>, <i>tpo</i>, or <i>tshba</i>) across all treatment groups (p>0.05). </p><p><br></p> <p>Overall, the results suggest zebrafish larvae exhibit both overt and subclinical symptoms of excess iodine intake. Future studies are needed to determine internalization, biodistribution, clearance, and further characterization of adverse outcomes along the thyroid pathway for additional exploration into subclinical thyrotoxicosis due to excess iodine intake. Researchers should express caution with time points, as the Wolff-Chaikoff effect may influence exposure windows in zebrafish. </p>

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and affects millions of people every year. Furthermore, the available treatments often lead to severe side effects, thus improving radiation treatment is meaningful. Photoactivation therapy seeks to build in heavy atoms into the DNA of cancer cells, as markers, then activating them to cause secondary radiation that damages the DNA of the targeted cells only. This has been suggested but is not well understood. Hence this study seeks to investigate how a reduced model system of iodine-marked DNA is fragmented due to ionization. Computer simulations with eleven separate starting configurations of the molecule 5-iodocytidine were analyzed, for ionization levels from an average 0.03 up to 0.33 electrons removed per atom (e/N), during 200 femtoseconds (fs). A Python program was written in order to estimate bond sensitivities and identify fragments. While 5-iodocytidine resembles an iodized DNA-base it is still a rather simple model system, far from a double stranded DNA chain, and the simulations were limited to non-targeted ionization and an isolated environment. Results of this thesis include that the sugar ”backbone” of 5-iodocytidine seems to be most sensitive to ionization, fragmenting in several pieces after 150-200 fs at ionization levels of 0.30-0.33 e/N, while the rest of the molecule mostly remained intact. These results appear promising since back bone fragmentation is crucial for disrupting cancer cell growth. / Cancer är den näst största dödsorsaken i världen och påverkar miljontals människor varje år. Dessutom leder tillgängliga behandlingar ofta till allvarliga bieffekter, därför är det meningsfullt att förbättra strålbehandling. Fotoaktiveringsterapi går ut på att bygga in tunga atomer i cancercellernas DNA, som markörer, och därefter aktivera dem för att orsaka sekundär strålning vilket endast skadar de fokuserade cellerna. Detta har studerats men processerna är inte fullt klarlagda, därför ämnar denna studie att undersöka hur ett förenklat modelsystem av jod-märkt DNA fragmenteras till följd av jonisering. Datorsimuleringar för elva olika begynnelsevillkor av molekylen 5-iodocytidine analyserades, för joniseringsnivåer från ett genomsnitt 0.03 upp till 0.33 borttagna elektroner per atom (e/N), under 200 femtosekunder (fs). Ett Pythonprogram skrevs i syfte att uppskatta bindningarnas känslighet och identifiera fragment. Även om 5-iodocytidine liknar en jodiserad DNA-bas så är det fortfarande ett tämligen enkelt modelsystem, långt ifrån två sammanbunda DNA-strängar. Simuleringarna var dessutom avgränsade till icke-fokuserande jonisering och en isolerad omgivning. Resultat från den här avhandlingen innefattar att socker-”ryggraden” av 5-iodocytidine verkar vara mest känslig för jonisering, och fragmenteras i flera bitar efter 150-200 fs vid joniseringnivåer 0.30-0.33 e/N, medan resten av molekylen oftast förblir intakt. Dessa resultat ser lovande ut eftersom fragmentering av ryggraden är särskilt viktig för att hämma tillväxten av cancerceller.