The diploma thesis deals with open source implementations of IMS technology. The theoretical part describes the functioning of IMS and its architecture, including the protocols used, the process of registration and connection establishment, as well as potential security threats to IMS systems. Two open source IMS projects were selected, Open IMS Core and Project Clearwater, on which the work is focused. In its next part, the diploma thesis deals with the description of selected open source IMS projects, this part also includes a description of the implemented security of both projects and a detailed procedure of system installation with any necessary configuration. In its practical part, the diploma thesis focused on performance testing of selected projects using the Abacus 5000 hardware tester. First, initialization tests were performed, which verified the possibility of communication between the tester and the tested projects. Subsequently, it was possible to perform performance testing of selected projects. In performance testing, emphasis is placed on system stability, performance in the area of call set-up speed and response time of SIP messages and speed of user registration in the network, at different load levels. The systems have been tested for both call set-up and user registration. Part of the testing is also the implementation of the flood DoS inviteflood attack and the system's response to the increasing intensity of the attack. The last chapter is devoted to the comparison of selected IMS projects, where the test results are clearly presented. This chapter is partly based on publicly available information, such as the technical documentation of individual projects and possibly publicly available mailing lists. Part of the diploma thesis is also a laboratory task in which the student tries to work with Open IMS Core. The laboratory task focuses on the process of creating a user and his registration in the IMS network, establishing a call between individual users and internal routing in IMS networks. The task focuses mainly on signaling processes within the implemented tasks.

This Master’s thesis deals with IMS architecture problems. This thesis describes its creation and progress, also structure of this architecture is mentioned. Text of this thesis describes function of the most important parts of the architecture, such as Proxy-CSCF, Interrogating-CSCF, Serving-CSCF and HSS. IMS architecture uses SIP protocol for establishment, maintenance and closing session and Diameter protocol for network management functions. That is why this thesis also describes characteristics of these two protocols. Next part of the thesis is focused on Open-source platform Open IMS Core and its installation. Open IMS Core platform was developed for testing IMS technologies within an internal project at the Fraunhofer Institute FOKUS in Berlin. Nowadays it is used by major part of vendors and providers for testing their products and services. As a main theme of this thesis, there was made a simple network, which consists of three users. This network is established on fundamentals of IMS and it was made in Open IMS Core. So in one chapter is outlined a process of its creation. There is described a process of adding a user list to database server HSS. In the next part there are mentioned some information about setup of virtual IMS terminal. Eventually there are shown some possibilities of how to catch traffic in the network. In this chapter there are also state diagrams, which describe a process of registration of IMS terminal and also a process of establishment, maintenance and closing session.

Les récentes avancées technologiques permettent désormais la fabrication de terminaux mobiles de plus en plus compacts et dotés de plusieurs interfaces réseaux. Le nouveau modèle de consommation de médias se résume par le concept "Anytime, Anywhere, Any Device" et impose donc de nouvelles exigences en termes de déploiement de services ubiquitaires. Cependant la conception et le developpement de réseaux ubiquitaires et convergents de nouvelles générations soulèvent un certain nombre de défis techniques. Les standards actuels ainsi que les solutions commerciales pourraient être affectés par le manque de considération du contexte utilisateur. Le ressenti de l'utilisateur concernant certains services multimédia tels que la VoIP et l'IPTV dépend fortement des capacités du terminal et des conditions du réseau d'accès. Cela incite les réseaux de nouvelles générations à fournir des services ubiquitaires adaptés à l'environnement de l'utilisateur optimisant par la même occasion ses resources. L'IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) est une architecture de nouvelle génération qui centralise l'accès aux services et permet la convergence des réseaux fixe/mobile. Néanmoins, l'évolution de l'IMS est nécessaire sur les points suivants :- l'introduction de la sensibilité au contexte utilisateur et de la PQoS (Perceived QoS) : L'architecture IMS ne prend pas en compte l'environnement de l'utilisateur, ses préférences et ne dispose pas d'un méchanisme de gestion de PQOS. Pour s'assurer de la qualité fournit à l'utilisateur final, des informations sur l'environnement de l'utilisateur ainsi que ses préférences doivent transiter en cœur de réseau afin d'y être analysés. Ce traitement aboutit au lancement du service qui sera adapté et optimisé aux conditions observées. De plus pour le service d'IPTV, les caractéristiques spatio-temporelles de la vidéo influent de manière importante sur la PQoS observée côté utilisateur. L'adaptation des services multimédias en fonction de l'évolution du contexte utilisateur et de la nature de la vidéo diffusée assure une qualité d'expérience à l'utilisateur et optimise par la même occasion l'utilisation des ressources en cœur de réseau.- une solution de mobilité efficace pour les services conversationnels tels que la VoIP : Les dernières publications 3GPP fournissent deux solutions de mobilité: le LTE propose MIP comme solution de mobilité alors que l'IMS définit une mobilité basée sur le protocole applicatif SIP. Ces standards définissent le système de signalisation mais ne s'avancent pas sur la gestion du flux média lors du changement d'interface réseau. La deuxième section introduit une étude comparative détaillée des solutions de mobilité dans les NGNs.Notre première contribution est la spécification de l'architecture globale de notre plateforme IMS sensible au contexte utilisateur réalisée au sein du projet Européen ADAMANTIUM. Nous détaillons tout d'abord le serveur MCMS intelligent placé dans la couche application de l'IMS. Cet élément récolte les informations de qualité de services à différents équipements réseaux et prend la décision d'une action sur l'un de ces équipements. Ensuite nous définissons un profil utilisateur permettant de décrire son environnement et de le diffuser en coeur de réseau. Une étude sur la prédiction de satisfaction utilisateur en fonction des paramètres spatio-temporels de la vidéo a été réalisée afin de connaître le débit idéal pour une PQoS désirée.Notre deuxième contribution est l'introduction d'une solution de mobilité adaptée aux services conversationnels (VoIP) tenant compte du contexte utilisateur. Notre solution s'intègre à l'architecture IMS existante de façon transparente et permet de réduire le temps de latence du handover. Notre solution duplique les paquets de VoIP sur les deux interfaces actives pendant le temps de la transition. Parallèlement, un nouvel algorithme de gestion de mémoire tampon améliore la qualité d'expérience pour le service de VoIP. / The latest advances in technology have already defied Moore’s law. Thanks to research and industry, hand-held devices are composed of high processing embedded systems enabling the consumption of high quality services. Furthermore, recent trends in communication drive users to consume media Anytime, Anywhere on Any Device via multiple wired and wireless network interfaces. This creates new demands for ubiquitous and high quality service provision management. However, defining and developing the next generation of ubiquitous and converged networks raise a number of challenges. Currently, telecommunication standards do not consider context-awareness aspects for network management and service provisioning. The experience felt by the end-user consuming for instance Voice over IP (VoIP) or Internet Protocol TeleVision (IPTV) services varies depending mainly on user preferences, device context and network resources. It is commonly held that Next Generation Network (NGN) should deliver personalized and effective ubiquitous services to the end user’s Mobile Node (MN) while optimizing the network resources at the network operator side. IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a standardized NGN framework that unifies service access and allows fixed/mobile network convergence. Nevertheless IMS technology still suffers from a number of confining factors that are addressed in this thesis; amongst them are two main issues :The lack of context-awareness and Perceived-QoS (PQoS):-The existing IMS infrastructure does not take into account the environment of the user ,his preferences , and does not provide any PQoS aware management mechanism within its service provisioning control system. In order to ensure that the service satisfies the consumer, this information need to be sent to the core network for analysis. In order to maximize the end-user satisfaction while optimizing network resources, the combination of a user-centric network management and adaptive services according to the user’s environment and network conditions are considered. Moreover, video content dynamics are also considered as they significantly impact on the deduced perceptual quality of IPTV services. -The lack of efficient mobility mechanism for conversational services like VoIP :The latest releases of Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) provide two types of mobility solutions. Long-Term Evolution (LTE) uses Mobile IP (MIP) and IMS uses Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) mobility. These standards are focusing on signaling but none of them define how the media should be scheduled in multi-homed devices. The second section introduces a detailed study of existing mobility solutions in NGNs. Our first contribution is the specification of the global context-aware IMS architecture proposed within the European project ADAptative Management of mediA distributioN based on saTisfaction orIented User Modeling (ADAMANTIUM). We introduce the innovative Multimedia Content Management System (MCMS) located in the application layer of IMS. This server combines the collected monitoring information from different network equipments with the data of the user profile and takes adaptation actions if necessary. Then, we introduce the User Profile (UP) management within the User Equipment (UE) describing the end-user’s context and facilitating the diffusion of the end-user environment towards the IMS core network. In order to optimize the network usage, a PQoS prediction mechanism gives the optimal video bit-rate according to the video content dynamics. Our second contribution in this thesis is an efficient mobility solution for VoIP service within IMS using and taking advantage of user context. Our solution uses packet duplication on both active interfaces during handover process. In order to leverage this mechanism, a new jitter buffer algorithm is proposed at MN side to improve the user’s quality of experience. Furthermore, our mobility solution integrates easily to the existing IMS platform.

Este trabalho visa estudar e implementar a integração entre o domínio de comutação de circuitos e o IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) para suportar handovers verticais, ou seja, entre redes de acesso distintas, por exemplo, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) e WiFi, em especial no Serviço Voice Call Continuity (VCC). Entretanto muito pouco é especificado sobre a integração entre os domínios nas normas das diversas entidades de padronização que tratam sobre o assunto. Assim, apresenta-se uma proposta para essa integração, criando-se uma nova entidade funcional para realizá-la, o Call Data Storage Function (CDSF), que interage com os demais módulos do Serviço VCC e garante que algumas informações que devem ser trocadas entre os módulos não sejam perdidas, devido à conversão de protocolos de sinalização na interface entre tais domínios. O CDSF auxilia também no controle da alocação de endereços de referência utilizados no encaminhamento de chamadas de um domínio para o outro. São definidos os protocolos de acesso ao CDSF, bem como os métodos disponíveis. Em sua concepção, recorre-se a uma modelagem modular, que permite futuras melhorias, apenas por troca de módulos. Como estudos de caso para validar a proposta são apresentados cenários de chamadas que utilizam o Serviço VCC, passando pelo CDSF. Por fim, conclui-se que a integração entre os domínios é viável se a proposta deste trabalho for utilizada. Também se demonstra que a separação dos planos de controle dos planos de dados (de usuário) é uma das contribuições fundamentais da arquitetura NGN para o sucesso de suas implementações, como por exemplo o IMS.Além disso, destacam-se as vantagens que o Serviço VCC pode agregar ao IMS, contribuindo para sua adesão em menor prazo pelas operadoras de telecomunicações, dado que esse serviço contribui para a integração de redes, cada vez mais convergentes, agregando mobilidade e continuidade à sua utilização. / This work intends to study and implement the integration between the circuit switching domain and the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) to support vertical handovers that are between different access networks, such as Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) and WiFi. Therefore the specifications are incomplete about this topic in standards from the entities who works with this subject. Then, is presented a new proposal for this integration: a new functional entity to realize this integration: the Call Data Storage Function (CDSF), which interacts with other modules of VCC Service and guarantees that some information shared between modules are not lost, due to conversion of signalling protocols in the interface between domains. Besides that, CDSF helps in the control of allocation of reference address that are used to route calls from one domain to another. Access protocols to CDSF are defined and CDSF methods are exposed. The CDSF design uses a modular approach, which allows future improvements, just changing modules. As case studies to validate this work proposal, call scenarios are presented that uses the VCC Service, using CDSF. Finally, it is concluded that the integration between domains is viable if this work proposal is used. It is presented, as well, that the separation between control plans and data plans is one of the main contributions of NGN architecture to the success of its implementations, like IMS. Furthermore, it is exposed the advantages that VCC Service can aggregate to IMS, contributing for more rapidly adoption by telecommunications operators, considering that this service helps the networks integration, adding convergence, mobility and continuity.

Este trabalho visa estudar e implementar a integração entre o domínio de comutação de circuitos e o IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) para suportar handovers verticais, ou seja, entre redes de acesso distintas, por exemplo, Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) e WiFi, em especial no Serviço Voice Call Continuity (VCC). Entretanto muito pouco é especificado sobre a integração entre os domínios nas normas das diversas entidades de padronização que tratam sobre o assunto. Assim, apresenta-se uma proposta para essa integração, criando-se uma nova entidade funcional para realizá-la, o Call Data Storage Function (CDSF), que interage com os demais módulos do Serviço VCC e garante que algumas informações que devem ser trocadas entre os módulos não sejam perdidas, devido à conversão de protocolos de sinalização na interface entre tais domínios. O CDSF auxilia também no controle da alocação de endereços de referência utilizados no encaminhamento de chamadas de um domínio para o outro. São definidos os protocolos de acesso ao CDSF, bem como os métodos disponíveis. Em sua concepção, recorre-se a uma modelagem modular, que permite futuras melhorias, apenas por troca de módulos. Como estudos de caso para validar a proposta são apresentados cenários de chamadas que utilizam o Serviço VCC, passando pelo CDSF. Por fim, conclui-se que a integração entre os domínios é viável se a proposta deste trabalho for utilizada. Também se demonstra que a separação dos planos de controle dos planos de dados (de usuário) é uma das contribuições fundamentais da arquitetura NGN para o sucesso de suas implementações, como por exemplo o IMS.Além disso, destacam-se as vantagens que o Serviço VCC pode agregar ao IMS, contribuindo para sua adesão em menor prazo pelas operadoras de telecomunicações, dado que esse serviço contribui para a integração de redes, cada vez mais convergentes, agregando mobilidade e continuidade à sua utilização. / This work intends to study and implement the integration between the circuit switching domain and the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) to support vertical handovers that are between different access networks, such as Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) and WiFi. Therefore the specifications are incomplete about this topic in standards from the entities who works with this subject. Then, is presented a new proposal for this integration: a new functional entity to realize this integration: the Call Data Storage Function (CDSF), which interacts with other modules of VCC Service and guarantees that some information shared between modules are not lost, due to conversion of signalling protocols in the interface between domains. Besides that, CDSF helps in the control of allocation of reference address that are used to route calls from one domain to another. Access protocols to CDSF are defined and CDSF methods are exposed. The CDSF design uses a modular approach, which allows future improvements, just changing modules. As case studies to validate this work proposal, call scenarios are presented that uses the VCC Service, using CDSF. Finally, it is concluded that the integration between domains is viable if this work proposal is used. It is presented, as well, that the separation between control plans and data plans is one of the main contributions of NGN architecture to the success of its implementations, like IMS. Furthermore, it is exposed the advantages that VCC Service can aggregate to IMS, contributing for more rapidly adoption by telecommunications operators, considering that this service helps the networks integration, adding convergence, mobility and continuity.

In 21st century, the development strategy and the management policy of Information Communication Technology (ICT) is a key issue to a nation¡¦s competitiveness. Particularly, the development of telecommunication liberalization, governance in the telecommunications regime and the relevant science and technology policies of the telecommunication industry is the most important factor for creating a leading knowledge-based economy for Information Communication Technology related industries. Looking forward to the future, the trends and developments of the convergence of telecommunication, broadcasting and internet services will drive the demand for the telecommunication and broadcasting industries to look for cost-efficient provisioning of converged multimedia services. The emerging technology of next generation network (NGN) infrastructure enables the convergence of multi-access networks to deliver the multimedia contents and application services seamlessly. Therefore, the consumers, government, and industry can obtain the benefits because of technology development and industrial cooperation. In addition, the converged broadcasting and telecommunication services as well as Fixed-Mobile Converged applications over the internets results in the needs for the improvement in network interconnectivity and service interoperability. No matter it is telecommunication, broadcasting or information, to converge as common info-communication services, such as telephony, data and multimedia will eventually run over the all IP networks. Therefore, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) becomes one of the promising technologies to drive it happen. However, existing policy and regulations must cope with the changes of this development. The liberalization of broadband and communication market allows the participation of the private companies to create new investment and revenue. This research studies the possible evolution of an IP-based communication infrastructure from today's networks toward a converged next generation network and proposes an Inter-Exchange Center of Converged Network Architecture (IEXCNA), applying to VoIP service. The IEXCNA model shows more efficient in the transmission, interconnectivity and reducing implementation cost of network infrastructure. Thus the consumers are able to enjoy better quality of service and cheaper rate of use for multimedia services.

Les réseaux de télécommunications deviennent de plus en plus complexes, notamment de par la multiplicité des technologies mises en œuvre, leur couverture géographique grandissante, la croissance du trafic en quantité et en variété, mais aussi de par l’évolution des services fournis par les opérateurs. Tout ceci contribue à rendre la gestion de ces réseaux de plus en plus lourde, complexe, génératrice d’erreurs et donc coûteuse pour les opérateurs. On place derrière le terme « réseaux autonome » l’ensemble des solutions visant à rendre la gestion de ce réseau plus autonome. L’objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer à la réalisation de certaines fonctions autonomiques dans les réseaux de télécommunications. Nous proposons une stratégie pour automatiser la gestion des pannes tout en couvrant les différents segments du réseau et les services de bout en bout déployés au-dessus. Il s’agit d’une approche basée modèle qui adresse les deux difficultés du diagnostic basé modèle à savoir : a) la façon d'obtenir un tel modèle, adapté à un réseau donné à un moment donné, en particulier si l'on souhaite capturer plusieurs couches réseau et segments et b) comment raisonner sur un modèle potentiellement énorme, si l'on veut gérer un réseau national par exemple. Pour répondre à la première difficulté, nous proposons un nouveau concept : l’auto-modélisation qui consiste d’abord à construire les différentes familles de modèles génériques, puis à identifier à la volée les instances de ces modèles qui sont déployées dans le réseau géré. La seconde difficulté est adressée grâce à un moteur d’auto-diagnostic actif, basé sur le formalisme des réseaux Bayésiens et qui consiste à raisonner sur un fragment du modèle du réseau qui est augmenté progressivement en utilisant la capacité d’auto-modélisation: des observations sont collectées et des tests réalisés jusqu’à ce que les fautes soient localisées avec une certitude suffisante. Cette approche de diagnostic actif a été expérimentée pour réaliser une gestion multi-couches et multi-segments des alarmes dans un réseau IMS. / While modern networks and services are continuously growing in scale, complexity and heterogeneity, the management of such systems is reaching the limits of human capabilities. Technically and economically, more automation of the classical management tasks is needed. This has triggered a significant research effort, gathered under the terms self-management and autonomic networking. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the realization of some self-management properties in telecommunication networks. We propose an approach to automatize the management of faults, covering the different segments of a network, and the end-to-end services deployed over them. This is a model-based approach addressing the two weaknesses of model-based diagnosis namely: a) how to derive such a model, suited to a given network at a given time, in particular if one wishes to capture several network layers and segments and b) how to reason a potentially huge model, if one wishes to manage a nation-wide network for example. To address the first point, we propose a new concept called self-modeling that formulates off-line generic patterns of the model, and identifies on-line the instances of these patterns that are deployed in the managed network. The second point is addressed by an active self-diagnosis engine, based on a Bayesian network formalism, that consists in reasoning on a progressively growing fragment of the network model, relying on the self-modeling ability: more observations are collected and new tests are performed until the faults are localized with sufficient confidence. This active diagnosis approach has been experimented to perform cross-layer and cross-segment alarm management on an IMS network.

Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) est un réseau conceptuel construit sur des réseaux physiques existantes. Il se sert des données détectées et fournit des services de connaissances à quiconque, n'importe où et à tout moment, et où l'information est générée en utilisant la sensibilité au contexte. Dispositifs et USN portables intelligents émergent rapidement en offrant de nombreux services fiables facilitant la vie des gens. Ces petits terminaux et terminaux très utiles besoin d'un substrat de communication globale pour fournir un service complet de l'utilisateur final global. En 2010, ITU -T a fourni les exigences pour supporter des applications et services USN dans le Next Generation Network (NGN) de l'environnement d'exploiter les avantages du réseau de base. L'un des principaux marchés prometteurs pour l'application et les services USN est la e- santé. Il fournit le suivi des patients en continu et permet une grande amélioration dans les services médicaux. D'autre part, des Véhicules Ad-hoc NETwork (VANET) est une technologie émergente qui permet une communication intelligente entre les véhicules mobiles. Intégrer VANET avec USN a un grand potentiel pour améliorer la sécurité routière et la fluidité du trafic. La plupart des applications VANET sont appliqués en temps réel et ils sont sensibles à retarder, en particulier ceux liés à la sécurité et à la santé. Dans ce travail, nous proposons d'utiliser l'IP Multimédia Subsystem (IMS) comme une sous- couche de contrôle de service dans l'environnement USN fournir un substrat mondiale pour un service complet de bout en bout. De plus, nous vous proposons d'intégrer VANETs avec USN pour des applications et des installations riches plus, ce qui facilitera la vie des humains. Nous avons commencé à étudier les défis sur la route pour atteindre cet objectif / Ubiquités Sensor Network (USN) is a conceptual network built over existing physical networks. It makes use of sensed data and provides knowledge services to anyone, anywhere and at anytime, and where the information is generated by using context awareness. Smart wearable devices and USNs are emerging rapidly providing many reliable services facilitating people life. Those very useful small end terminals and devices require a global communication substrate to provide a comprehensive global end user service. In 2010, the ITU-T provided the requirements to support USN applications and services in the Next Génération Network (NGN) environment to exploit the advantages of the core network. One of the main promising markets for the USN application and services is the e-Health. It provides continuous patients’ monitoring and enables a great improvement in medical services. On the other hand, Vehicular Ad-Hoc NETwork (VANET) is an emerging technology, which provides intelligent communication between mobile vehicles. Integrating VANET with USN has a great potential to improve road safety and traffic efficiency. Most VANET applications are applied in real time and they are sensitive to delay, especially those related to safety and health. In this work, we propose to use IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) as a service controller sub-layer in the USN environment providing a global substrate for a comprehensive end-to-end service. Moreover, we propose to integrate VANETs with USN for more rich applications and facilities, which will ease the life of humans. We started studying the challenges on the road to achieve this goal

L’objectif de cette thèse est d’apporter une réponse à la problématique d’adaptation automatique et dynamique des services numériques au sein des réseaux du futur (NGN). Pour cela, notre contribution s’articule autour d’un intergiciel qui prend en charge les fonctions de gestion du contexte pour les services numériques ; ceci pour permettre l’émergence de services numériques sensibles au contexte dans les réseaux du futur. L’originalité de ces travaux dans les NGN se situe dans le modèle de conception pour des services numériques sensibles au contexte où l’on découple la logique métier du service numérique de la logique de gestion du contexte. Plus spécifiquement nous définissons la notion de signature de contexte, propre à chaque service numérique, qui permet d’identifier les situations d’usage du service numérique et accompagne l’intergiciel dans le choix de la modalité d’exécution la plus performante. Elle est liée au service numérique sensible au contexte dès sa conception. Lors du déploiement du service dans le serveur d’applications, la signature de contexte est désolidarisée de la logique métier et se voit insérée dans la base de connaissance de l’intergiciel. La signature fait ainsi le lien entre l’intergiciel et le service numérique. Elle permet d’activer l’ensemble des fonctions de traitement du contexte que nous avons modélisées sous la forme d’une chaîne de traitement du contexte. Cette approche assure une séparation des deux logiques qui composent un service numérique sensible au contexte. Les concepteurs de tels services peuvent alors se concentrer sur le développement de la logique métier sans se soucier des fonctions de gestion du contexte / The era of fixed-mobile convergence is imminent, thanks to the Next Generation Network (NGN) paradigm. Such approaches encompass converged networks where users can use any kind of terminals and network access technologies.An utmost issue for NGN is to provide multimodal digital services, since the user’s terminal or network access are expected to change over time during his own session. This means services must be able to shift from one form of service delivery to another according to context updates. We propose to implement context awareness for digital services in NGNs by providing context-awareness to application servers hosted in a NGN. These services running on applications servers (AS) are consumed through a network using the client-server paradigm. In this situation, the context is composed of information about the network and features of the end-user terminal. We explain and implemente a novel architecture that makes AS taking into account the context-awareness of the digital service they host. The architecture employs application ontology in order to monitor the applications’ context. Moreover, when a new context-aware application is deployed on the application server, its context-logic (a set of SWRL rules which rely the domain ontology called context signature) is extracted from the application bundle. Each SWRL rule encodes a context-aware threshold for the application. When a rule is triggered at runtime, the application server notifies the application, so that the application change its service delivery modality, as the current context favors another service delivery modality different than the current one