本論文研究目的是針對通訊傳播話題、電視市場的發展歷程、通訊架構與傳輸的理論方法、法令規章等，從科技層面的創新演進以至於世界各國在IPTV（Internet Protocol Television）產業發展的策略制訂等，來解析數位通訊平台的經營現況；也盼望能透過國內外文獻資料的參考蒐集，以及彙整分析來暸解其IPTV產業之未來應用趨勢與走向，並針對未來不斷產生的新需求，能夠以日益成熟的資訊科技，搭配在校所學，能提出更為周延的經營模式來逐漸提昇IPTV應用層級，並廣泛地推行到日常生活中，提供更多元化的傳播服務。 本文研究範圍包括﹕「IPTV」演進背景、研究動機發想、預估達成的目的，來設定研究範圍。從整體架構、定義探討到產業價值鏈及數位內容、MOD（Multimedia On Demand）等應用現況，做分析報告與結論；針對IPTV整體產業之經營模式、市場面臨之挑戰與潛在機會來探討與建議，並尋找關鍵成功因素及探索未來可能的應用情境；與未來可以再著墨的延伸研究方向做建議。 / The study topics included: Communication, Broadcasting, Television marketing status, Trends, Evolution, Architecture, Theorey, Regulations, and Research from worldwide IPTV related technologies; we hope to got current worldwide business model and provide our own innovation ideas from EMBA program and implement to future living environment to every family and persons. Study area targeted on IPTV’s background, definition and value chain and discuss with Taiwan’s policy for Dihgital content, M-Taiwan project, Chunghwa Telecom MOD( Multimedia On Demand) project, Cable TV, WebTV and related applications in current market and take actions for analysis and find out the weakness, strenth and chellange of market current status; this study will be generate key successful factors and discover in future oppoprtunities.

In the Internet age, every traditional mass media has new broadcast ways. Since the digital technology link up with the Internet, all of the voice, image, data, multimedia technology and media could be converged on the single platform by the Internet. From the competition to collaboration, Telecom, Internet and Cable industry are integrated, and turn into the new industry, Internet TV. The role of Internet TV is similar to the Cable, the more important function are collation the content and build the charge system. But, operating the Internet TV successfully is hard. First, the Internet TV is a new outcome from the digital convergence, so there is no any precedent for the business model and the management method in this industry. Second, instead of selling the tangible product, the Internet TV dealers provide the invisible content for customer. For this reason, users often have subjectively views to choose the Internet TV dealers. There are many factors to effect the decision of consumer. But, before we have a discussion on consumers, we should inspect the dealers first. This study begin with the academic model of the Integrated Marketing Communication(IMC), adapt the literature analysis and qualitative research, to discuss that the dealers should catch on the thought of the consumer and offer the product what they want. We take the Chungwa telecommunication MOD service for a sample, to find how the Internet TV dealers apply the Integrated Marketing Communication model to operating and management. This study emphasis on that it could help the dealers to build operating and management method well by developing the characteristics of this industry correctly.

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Elderly people comprise the highest proportion of television viewers. Elderly people often struggle with new technology and reject it due to complexity. We propose a system to help people keep up with certain new technologies, such as IPTV and social networks with reduced efforts. We specifically propose a system to integrate IPTV with Twitter, a social networking website with an aid of a mobile phone. The system uses speech to text technology on mobile phone, as input to reduce the difficulty involved in the interaction with Twitter, while viewing television. As speech is a more convenient and natural way of expression than text, we anticipate that people from other age groups can also benefit from the system.

In this thesis, we propose two mechanisms, stream splitting and merging, to fully utilize the bandwidth in a mixed wired and wireless network. The two mechanisms implemented on a SVC Streaming Gateway (SSG) mainly exploit the characteristics of multi-layer SVC (Scalable Video Coding). In the stream splitting mechanism, the available bandwidth can be calculated on SSG, so that an adequate number of layers of a SVC stream can be determined for splitting. In the stream merging mechanism, when the available bandwidth is increased, a stream with more number of enhancement layers can be extracted to merge onto a stream with less number of layers. Additionally, when two streams pass through SSG concurrently, one stream may arrive at SSG faster due to different traffic conditions. If one stream with more SVC layers is faster than the one with less SVC layers, we buffer the packets of the faster stream on SSG, so that the buffered packets can be merged to the top of SVC layers of the slow stream. On the other hand, if one stream with more SVC layers is slower than the one with less SVC layers, to effectively merge the enhancement layers of the slow stream onto the faster stream, SSG will delay the packets of the faster stream to wait for the packets of the slow stream. Finally, we implement these two mechanisms on the Linux platform. In the experiments, we measure buffer delay, queue length, and the number of merged packets to demonstrate that the two proposed mechanisms can effectively improve the picture freeze-up and mosaic phenominon.

With the global trend of digital convergence, Chunghwa Telecom develops the Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) based on the broadband network and promotes the interactive Multimedia on Demand (MOD) to provide the integrated services including the voice, data and video (Triple Play). This study uses the secondary analysis method to analyze Chunghwa Telecom¡¦s MOD innovation roadmap based on the Net-Enabled Business Innovation Cycle (NEBIC) theory. Our results show that the first step, Choosing Emerging/Enabling Information Technologies, reveals Chunghwa Telecom¡¦s capability to building MOD platform by choosing IPTV information technology based on broadband and ADSL access. The second step, Matching with Economic Opportunities, Chunghwa Telecom initiates the domestic market of interactive digital television to exploit potential customers. The third step, Executing Business Innovation for Growth, Chunghwa Telecom learns to operate video industry by adjusting the diverse functions of organization, develops systems to support new service platform and trains employee for multimedia services. The last step, Assessing Customer Value, Chunghwa Telecom finds that implementing the MOD service can encourage customers to apply FTTB. These findings suggest that the Chunghwa Telecom should repackage its product/service with bundled solution to increase customer and enterprise value and take the broadband service into account to create the new potential revenue.

Com a padronização das redes óticas passivas, em particular do GPON (gigabit-capable passive optical network) adotada no Brasil, uma nova gama de serviços passou a ser viável, dentre eles a transmissão de canais de TV para assinantes usando o protocolo IP (Internet protocol), sistema conhecido como IPTV. Este processo apresenta inúmeras vantagens, dentre elas a possibilidade de um número maior de canais e com qualidade variável. O grande inconveniente neste sistema é que em qualquer sistema de transmissão de TV digital o tempo de troca de canais, conhecido como tempo de zapping, pode chegar a alguns segundos. Para reduzir este problema, este trabalho descreve um processo de codificação e transmissão de IPTV em redes GPON que reduz o tempo de zapping, podendo chegar ao tempo de recuperação de um quadro (frame). O estudo foi baseado na codificação escalável em qualidade (SNR, signal to noise ratio) proposta no padrão MPEG-2 (Moving Picture Experts Group) e pode ser facilmente portado para outros padrões de codificação como os FGSs (fine grain scalability) do MPEG-4. O transporte utiliza a característica multicast das redes GPON além do protocolo IGMP (Internet group management protocol). Uma vez que o sistema IPTV propicia ao assinante vantagens como, o aumento do número de canais e a melhoria da qualidade de cada um deles devido à flexibilização da banda, este trabalho pressupõe que o assinante aceitará uma qualidade de vídeo inferior, no momento do zapping, desde que aumente com o decorrer do tempo. O aumento da qualidade é ilustrado por curvas comparativas, que mostram os tempos entre a mudança do canal, a entrada dele em baixa resolução e a melhora progressiva até a estabilidade em qualidade máxima. / With the standardization of passive optical networks, in particular GPON (gigabit-capable passive optical networks), which is adopted in Brazil, a new range of services become feasible, among them TV channels transmission to subscribers using the IP (Internet protocol), known as IPTV system, is one of the most important. This process has many advantages, including the possibility of offering a greater number of channels with variable quality. The greater inconvenience of this solution is that in any system of digital TV transmission the time to exchange channels, known as zapping time, can reach some seconds. To reduce this problem, this M.Sc thesis proposes a coding and transmission process for IPTV in GPON networks that reduces the zapping time to values smaller than one frame time. This work is based on the scalable SNR (signal to noise ratio) proposed in MPEG-2 standard and can be easily ported to other standards like FGS (fine grain scalability) in MPEG-4. Transport uses GPON multicast characteristics beside IGMP (Internet group management protocol). Once IPTV system offers many advantages like, increasing number of channels and better image quality per channel since bandwidth can be flexible. It is assumed that the IPTV subscriber will accept low video quality, at the zapping moment, but quality will increase progressively. Comparative graphics show the quality increase in terms of time between zapping, low quality video starting and the progressive quality increase up to stability in full quality.

Το αντικείμενο της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η περιγραφή και ανάλυση συστημάτων IP TV. Στο 1ο κεφάλαιο παρατίθεται ο ορισμός του IP TV και γίνεται αναφορά στην διαφορά του από το internet TV. Στη συνέχεια παρουσιάζεται η υποδομής ενός IP TV δικτύου, οι εφαρμογές του και οι υπηρεσίες που αυτό μπορεί να παρέχει στους χρήστες. Κατόπιν περιγράφονται τα πλεονεκτήματα της ψηφιακής μετάδοσης σήματος και αναλύονται τα μοντέλα συνεργασίας και διαχείρισης περιεχομένου. Στο 2ο κεφάλαιο εμβαθύνουμε στα ευρυζωνικά δίκτυα και στη διανομή του IP TV και πως αυτή επιτυγχάνεται μέσω διαφόρων τεχνολογιών που εφαρμόζονται σήμερα (πιο συγκεκριμένα το ADSL). Ταυτόχρονα επεξηγούνται οι τεχνολογίες του δικτύου πυρήνα που ακολουθούνται από τους παρόχους και αφορούν - κατά το μεγαλύτερο μέρος τους - στα ενσύρματα δίκτυα καθώς και ποιοί παράγοντες αυτών επηρεάζουν το IP TV. Στο 3ο κεφάλαιο ακολουθεί λεπτομερής τεχνική περιγραφή και ανάλυση των συστημάτων IP TV, των υπηρεσιών τύπου Broadcast και των διαδραστικών υπηρεσιών video κατ’ απαίτηση του συνδρομητή. Εξειδικεύονται τα επιμέρους τμήματα ενός ολοκληρωμένου IP TV συστήματος, παρουσιάζεται το πώς αυτά αλληλεπιδρούν μεταξύ τους αλλά και με το σύνολο του δικτύου. Αναλύεται το δίκτυο ασφαλείας που απαραιτήτως δημιουργείται για να είναι δυνατή η λειτουργία αυτών των συστημάτων και οι τρόποι μετάδοσης του περιεχομένου. Επιπρόσθετα περιγράφεται η τεχνολογία multicasting σε IP TV δίκτυο και η αρχιτεκτονική που απαιτείται για να επιτευχθεί. Στο 4ο κεφάλαιο δίνεται ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στις τεχνικές ασφαλείας που εφαρμόζονται και ειδικότερα στα IP TV Conditional Access και στα συστήματα DRM. Αναλύεται το πώς αυτά υλοποιούνται σε επίπεδο hardware και σε επίπεδο software (λογισμικού) και παρουσιάζονται οι τεχνικές κρυπτογράφησης που ακολουθούνται. Γίνεται αναφορά υβριδικών τέτοιων συστημάτων που περικλείουν μέρος και των 2 προαναφερθέντων τεχνικών και μελετώνται τα συστήματα DRM και πως αυτά υλοποιούνται. Η σημαντική εφαρμογή των IP TV συστημάτων, video on demand (χρήση βίντεο υπηρεσίας κατ’ απαίτηση του χρήστη) αναλύεται στο 5ο κεφάλαιο. Αυτό το κεφάλαιο έχει αφιερωθεί στην συγκεκριμένη υπηρεσία, στο πώς αυτή είναι διαθέσιμη σήμερα εμπορικά, πως κατέστη δυνατή η υλοποίηση της τεχνικά, τα πρωτόκολλα που χρησιμοποιούνται στα εν λόγω δίκτυα. Τέλος (6ο και 7ο κεφάλαιο) παρουσιάζονται λύσεις από παρόχους που δραστηριοποιούνται στον Ελλαδικό χώρο (για τους οποίους υπήρχε διαθέσιμη πληροφορία) και στο 8ο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζονται οι τεχνικές απαιτήσεις για την υπηρεσία IP TV. / --

Com a padronização das redes óticas passivas, em particular do GPON (gigabit-capable passive optical network) adotada no Brasil, uma nova gama de serviços passou a ser viável, dentre eles a transmissão de canais de TV para assinantes usando o protocolo IP (Internet protocol), sistema conhecido como IPTV. Este processo apresenta inúmeras vantagens, dentre elas a possibilidade de um número maior de canais e com qualidade variável. O grande inconveniente neste sistema é que em qualquer sistema de transmissão de TV digital o tempo de troca de canais, conhecido como tempo de zapping, pode chegar a alguns segundos. Para reduzir este problema, este trabalho descreve um processo de codificação e transmissão de IPTV em redes GPON que reduz o tempo de zapping, podendo chegar ao tempo de recuperação de um quadro (frame). O estudo foi baseado na codificação escalável em qualidade (SNR, signal to noise ratio) proposta no padrão MPEG-2 (Moving Picture Experts Group) e pode ser facilmente portado para outros padrões de codificação como os FGSs (fine grain scalability) do MPEG-4. O transporte utiliza a característica multicast das redes GPON além do protocolo IGMP (Internet group management protocol). Uma vez que o sistema IPTV propicia ao assinante vantagens como, o aumento do número de canais e a melhoria da qualidade de cada um deles devido à flexibilização da banda, este trabalho pressupõe que o assinante aceitará uma qualidade de vídeo inferior, no momento do zapping, desde que aumente com o decorrer do tempo. O aumento da qualidade é ilustrado por curvas comparativas, que mostram os tempos entre a mudança do canal, a entrada dele em baixa resolução e a melhora progressiva até a estabilidade em qualidade máxima. / With the standardization of passive optical networks, in particular GPON (gigabit-capable passive optical networks), which is adopted in Brazil, a new range of services become feasible, among them TV channels transmission to subscribers using the IP (Internet protocol), known as IPTV system, is one of the most important. This process has many advantages, including the possibility of offering a greater number of channels with variable quality. The greater inconvenience of this solution is that in any system of digital TV transmission the time to exchange channels, known as zapping time, can reach some seconds. To reduce this problem, this M.Sc thesis proposes a coding and transmission process for IPTV in GPON networks that reduces the zapping time to values smaller than one frame time. This work is based on the scalable SNR (signal to noise ratio) proposed in MPEG-2 standard and can be easily ported to other standards like FGS (fine grain scalability) in MPEG-4. Transport uses GPON multicast characteristics beside IGMP (Internet group management protocol). Once IPTV system offers many advantages like, increasing number of channels and better image quality per channel since bandwidth can be flexible. It is assumed that the IPTV subscriber will accept low video quality, at the zapping moment, but quality will increase progressively. Comparative graphics show the quality increase in terms of time between zapping, low quality video starting and the progressive quality increase up to stability in full quality.

This master's thesis is focused on IPTV based on multicast technology. The main aim of this work is to provide detailed analysis of system for watching TV over IP network. It also describes components of IPTV architecture. This master's thesis also discussing about authentication and administration of settopboxes, deals with efficient distribution firmware for STB over multicast and tries to propose and implement portal which provides customer services. It describes the interface development as web service for interconnecting with another management, monitoring and billing information systems. The solution is implemented as a modul into an existing IS of commercial internet service provider.