The master thesis: Inter-application communication in IPTV client was conducted at the Business Multimedia Unit in Ericsson. In the IPTV client side, there is a need to control another IPTV client remotely with a low latency. This functionality can be used in playing game and remote operation in IPTV. The current solution is that clients communicate through the portal (Ericsson’s Web based IPTV system) in remote location with high latency. The focus of this thesis work is designing, building and evaluating a communication mechanism among IPTV clients in a LAN. The major contribution of this thesis is analysis and design of a solution. The comparison between an implemented solution in this project and other possible solutions is also included in this thesis. The purpose of the solution is to improve the configuration and performance of Ericsson IPTV clients. In the thesis, a prototype of inter-application communication between IPTV clients was designed. The prototype includes a proxy server (Based on Node.js), UPnP applications (Based on open source UPnP stacks), communication components in portal system and an Android client. The prototype has achieved the goals of setting up fast and convenient communication in Ericsson IPTV client side, without using the IPTV server. UPnP applications allow two devices in a LAN find each other with no need to configure IP and port. A local proxy server, a couple of communication components in portal and an Android application are used to set up communication in a LAN. Also different solutions have been analyzed and designed in the project. And some related technologies have been investigated and introduced. Measurement and test shows that the communication between IPTV clients in a LAN is fast enough to replace the way of communication through the server. Security analysis shows some possible drawbacks, like the security vulnerability and compatibility. The security can be improved by some future work, part of which is proposed and designed in the thesis. Analysis also shows the advantages and disadvantages of on different service discovery technologies.

IPTV is gaining increasing attention. It is an expanding field where a lot of people are working hard to solve the problems that delay its wide-spread use. One major problem is that the existing IPTV distribution mechanisms do not seem to work well when applied on a large scale. Especially, IP multicast does not seem to meet the requirements of highly demanding IPTV services. In contrast, peer-to-peer architectures for distributing content have been available for a number of years (since the late 1990’s), and their success suggests that this is a promising alternative means of distributing content. Although peer-to-peer architectures are well known for file transfer, this kind of architecture has been used in this thesis for distributing streaming video flows. We combine results from two different approaches - IPTV and peer-to-peer systems - as part of our design and implementation of a new solution for distributing IPTV. Our proposal aims to avoid any weaknesses that the existing solutions have, whilst offering a viable solution for distributing live content. / Intresset kring IPTV ökar hela tiden, och många människor arbetar på att lösa de problem som hindrar området från att växa snabbt. Ett av huvudproblemen är att den existerande IPTV-distributionstekniken inte fungerar bra då den appliceras på stora lösningar. Bland de största problemen är att IP-Multicast inte möter de krav som marknaden ställer på global distribution av material. I motsats till detta har peer-to-peer teknik, som funnits sedan 90-talet, visat sin styrka för fil distribution på en mycket global skala på existerande infrastruktur. I denna uppstats kombinerar vi dessa två områden för att utröna vilka möjligheterna som finns för att optimera kostnaden för distrubition av live-tv samtidigt som vi försöker att undvika de svagheter som normalt associeras med de olika arkitekturerna. Vårt mål är att utnyttja de bästa egenskaperna från de olika teknikerna för att skapa en livsduglig och långsiktig lösning för TV-distribution.

Serviços para entrega de conteúdo multimídia tem se tornado cada vez mais comuns com o advento de conexões mais rápidas à Internet. Porém, esse crescimento na base de usuários consumidores desse tipo de serviços, levam a gargalo de desempenho devido à restrições de recursos de infraestrutura. Para tentar reduzir tais restrições, análises na forma como o conteúdo pode ser entregue foram realizadas e novos mecanismos de entrega de conteúdo surgiram. Um desses mecanismos envolve o uso de redes P2P - Par a Par, no qual o usuário é consumidor e provedor de conteúdo para seus pares. Sistemas IPTV utilizando protocolos P2P estão se tornando populares pelo mundo, devido à descentralização da infraestrutura necessária para entrega do conteúdo, e redução do gargalo de desempenho. Um dos protocolos de rede P2P mais comum é BitTorrent, que é utilizado amplamente pelo mundo, devido à seu método descentralizado de compartilhar os dados. Dos trabalhos desenvolvidos utilizando este método, houve uma necessidade de avaliar os requisitos de segurança para garantir o funcionamento do sistema sem comprometer a infraestrutura ou o usuário. Porém, existem problemas de segurança em aberto, e o objetivo deste trabalho é o de analisar a privacidade do usuário enquanto utiliza o sistema. Para tanto, este trabalho propõe o P2Priv-TV, um mecanismo que garante que o conteúdo que um determinado usuário irá assistir não será de conhecimento dos demais usuários da rede. Este mecanismo é avaliado por meio de emulação para determinar sua viabilidade e eficácia. / There are many video streaming services available to users due to broadband connections popularity. These kind of service has increasing numbers of users and that may lead to performance bottlenecks because of shortage of infrastructure resources. To avoid shortages, there are many studies to think in a new way to deliver content and this lead to new deliver methods. One of these methods is the use of P2P (peer to peer) Networks, where the user is content consumer and provider to other peers. BitTorrent is the most popular P2P protocol widely used in the world and there are IPTV systems using this protocol as content delivery mechanism. P2P IPTV systems were developed and security issues were analyzed to ensure that users and system do not been compromised. However, there are other issues, and the goal of this work is to analyze user privacy in the system. This work presents the P2Priv-TV, a mechanism that ensure a user can consume a content without another user in the system knows about it. This mechanism will be analyzed using emulation to analyze feasibility and effectiveness.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:31:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Samuel Henrique Bucke Brito.pdf: 1387680 bytes, checksum: 834df870cb2d343934c3414e4eb9bb6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-04 / The actual Brazilian telecommunications environment is very dynamic and competitive, demanding the adoption of a new convergent services oriented business model to rebuild operators revenues and avoid churn. It is in this context that the objective of this work is to develop a methodology to subsidize the telecommunications operators within the hard process of elaborating strategies to make feasible the IPTV. This work brings a pluralist methodology based in the concepts decrypted on the modern economy s innovation model to guide the development of a business analysis in which can be found the complementary study of the following features: socio-economic, technological and regulatory. There was elaborated a roadmap to logically sort the analysis sequence, making this work development easier to comprehend. After that the methodology proposed in this work is applied to build a descriptive analysis to stimulate the systemic think in the search to comprehend the acceptance level of IPTV. The socio-economic study traces the probable target audience of this service, as well the regions that could be the first places to offer it. On the technological study there are presented hybrid environments where the traditional cooper wires are combined with the optical-fiber at the access networks. Finally the regulatory study discuss the restrictions existed within the Brazilian legislation that actually make infeasible the offer of this service until these laws are reviewed. This works confirms that the adoption of a pluralist approach with socio-economic, technological and regulatory features can really offer a systemic comprehension of the market and the complementary relationship between its parts. This methodology can be a reliable source to support the process of elaborating new business models in Brazil. / O atual cen?rio brasileiro das telecomunica??es se apresenta bastante din?mico e competitivo, o que requer a ado??o de um novo modelo de neg?cios orientado a servi?os convergentes para recompor a receita das operadoras e reconquistar a fidelidade dos clientes. ? nesse contexto que o objetivo deste trabalho ? o de desenvolver uma metodologia que possa subsidiar as operadoras de telecomunica??es no dif?cil processo de elabora??o de estrat?gias que tornem vi?vel a oferta IPTV. A metodologia utilizada se ap?ia em uma an?lise pluralista baseada nos fundamentos propostos no modelo de inova??o da economia moderna para nortear a an?lise de neg?cios em que s?o apresentados os aspectos s?cio-econ?mico, tecnol?gico e pol?tico-regulat?rio. Foi elaborado um roadmap especificamente para organizar de maneira l?gica a seq??ncia da an?lise com o intuito de tornar o seu desenvolvimento mais coeso. Ap?s a apresenta??o da metodologia proposta nesse trabalho ? encontrada a sua aplica??o pr?tica em uma an?lise de natureza descritiva para estimular o pensamento sist?mico na busca pela compreens?o do n?vel de aceita??o da IPTV. O estudo s?cio-econ?mico indica o prov?vel p?blico-alvo desse servi?o inovador, bem como define as regi?es que devem iniciar a oferta. No estudo tecnol?gico ? apresentado o uso dos cabos tradicionais de cobre combinados ?s fibras ?ticas nas redes de acesso. Finalmente o estudo regulat?rio discorre sobre as fortes restri??es que a atual legisla??o brasileira imp?e e que inviabilizam a oferta desse servi?o no cen?rio nacional at? que haja uma revis?o das leis. A conclus?o desse trabalho veio a confirmar que a ado??o de uma abordagem pluralista com aspectos s?cio-econ?mico, tecnol?gico e pol?tico-regulat?rio oferece uma compreens?o sist?mica do mercado e da rela??o de complementaridade entre todos os seus elementos, o que permite embasar de maneira mais contundente o processo de elabora??o de novos modelos de neg?cios.

Serviços para entrega de conteúdo multimídia tem se tornado cada vez mais comuns com o advento de conexões mais rápidas à Internet. Porém, esse crescimento na base de usuários consumidores desse tipo de serviços, levam a gargalo de desempenho devido à restrições de recursos de infraestrutura. Para tentar reduzir tais restrições, análises na forma como o conteúdo pode ser entregue foram realizadas e novos mecanismos de entrega de conteúdo surgiram. Um desses mecanismos envolve o uso de redes P2P - Par a Par, no qual o usuário é consumidor e provedor de conteúdo para seus pares. Sistemas IPTV utilizando protocolos P2P estão se tornando populares pelo mundo, devido à descentralização da infraestrutura necessária para entrega do conteúdo, e redução do gargalo de desempenho. Um dos protocolos de rede P2P mais comum é BitTorrent, que é utilizado amplamente pelo mundo, devido à seu método descentralizado de compartilhar os dados. Dos trabalhos desenvolvidos utilizando este método, houve uma necessidade de avaliar os requisitos de segurança para garantir o funcionamento do sistema sem comprometer a infraestrutura ou o usuário. Porém, existem problemas de segurança em aberto, e o objetivo deste trabalho é o de analisar a privacidade do usuário enquanto utiliza o sistema. Para tanto, este trabalho propõe o P2Priv-TV, um mecanismo que garante que o conteúdo que um determinado usuário irá assistir não será de conhecimento dos demais usuários da rede. Este mecanismo é avaliado por meio de emulação para determinar sua viabilidade e eficácia. / There are many video streaming services available to users due to broadband connections popularity. These kind of service has increasing numbers of users and that may lead to performance bottlenecks because of shortage of infrastructure resources. To avoid shortages, there are many studies to think in a new way to deliver content and this lead to new deliver methods. One of these methods is the use of P2P (peer to peer) Networks, where the user is content consumer and provider to other peers. BitTorrent is the most popular P2P protocol widely used in the world and there are IPTV systems using this protocol as content delivery mechanism. P2P IPTV systems were developed and security issues were analyzed to ensure that users and system do not been compromised. However, there are other issues, and the goal of this work is to analyze user privacy in the system. This work presents the P2Priv-TV, a mechanism that ensure a user can consume a content without another user in the system knows about it. This mechanism will be analyzed using emulation to analyze feasibility and effectiveness.

Pour avoir une idée sur la qualité du réseau, la majorité des acteurs concernés (opérateurs réseau, fournisseurs de service) se basent sur la Qualité de Service (Quality of Service). Cette mesure a montré des limites et beaucoup d’efforts ont été déployés pour mettre en place une nouvelle métrique qui reflète, de façon plus précise, la qualité du service offert. Cette mesure s’appelle la qualité d’expérience (Quality of Experience). La qualité d’expérience reflète la satisfaction de l’utilisateur par rapport au service qu’il utilise. L’évaluation de la qualité d’expérience est devenue primordiale pour les fournisseurs de services et les fournisseurs de contenus. Cette nécessité nous a poussés à innover et mettre en place des nouvelles méthodes pour estimer la QoE. Dans cette thèse, nous travaillons sur l’estimation de la QoE dans le cas des communications Voix sur IP et dans le cas de la vidéo sur IP. Nous étudions les performances et la qualité des codecs iLBC, Speex et Silk pour la VoIP et les codecs MPEG-2 et H.264/SVC pour la vidéo sur IP. Nous étudions l’impact que peut avoir la majorité des paramètres réseaux, des paramètres sources (au niveau du codage) et destinations (au niveau du décodage) sur la qualité finale. Afin de mettre en place des outils précis d’estimation de la QoE en temps réel, nous nous basons sur la méthodologie Pseudo-Subjective Quality Assessment. La méthodologie PSQA est basée sur un modèle mathématique appelé les réseaux de neurones artificiels. En plus des réseaux de neurones, nous utilisons la régression polynomiale pour l’estimation de la QoE dans le cas de la VoIP. / Quality of Experience (QoE) is the key criteria for evaluating the Media Services. Unlike objective Quality of Service (QoS) metrics, QoE is more accurate to reflect the user experience. The Future of Internet is definitely going to be Media oriented. Towards this, there is a profound need for an efficient measure of the Quality of Experience (QoE). QoE will become the prominent metric to consider when deploying Networked Media services. In this thesis, we provide several methods to estimate the QoE of different media services: Voice and Video over IP. We study the performance and the quality of several VoIP codecs like iLBC, Speex and Silk. Based on this study, we proposed two methods to estimate the QoE in real-time context, without any need of information of the original voice sequence. The first method is based on polynomial regression, and the second one is based on an hybrid methodology (objective and subjective) called Pseudo-Subjective Quality Assessment. PSQA is based on the artificial neural network mathematical model. As for the VoIP, we propose also a tool to estimate video quality encoded with MPEG-2 and with H.264/SVC. We studied also the impact of several network parameters on the quality, and the impact of some encoding parameters on the SVC video quality. We tested also the performance of several SVC encoders and proposed some SVC encoding recommendations.

In this work, an open source-based solution for measuring the quality of video streams from an ISP has been developed. The goals with the work has been to see how much cheaper the open source solution is in comparison with the company’s already implemented commercial solution, if the data collected by the new solution is as reliable as the existing solution, and to see if the microcontroller that is used is powerful enough to replace the current one. The microcontroller used was a Raspberry Pi 4 model b. To see how much load the microcontroller could handle a stress test was conducted where the number of parallel video streams was increased until the resources on the device were maxed out. Measurement points in the unit that were checked during the stress test were CPU. The measurements showed that it was able to monitor 15 parallel currents before resources ran out. The open source-based solution cost SEK 1548 per unit while the cost for the commercial solution was SEK 10898kr per unit. The data collected by the open source solution proved to be as reliable as the commercial solution / I det här arbetet har en open source-baserad lösning för att mäta kvaliteten på videoströmmar hos en internetleverantör tagits fram. Målen med arbetet har varit att se hur mycket billigare open source-lösningen är i jämförelse med företagets redan implementerade kommersiella lösning, om den nya lösningens insamlade data är lika tillförlitlig somden befintliga lösningens, samt se om mikrocontrollern som används är kraftig nog att ersätta den nuvarande. Mikrocontrollern som användes var en Raspberry Pi 4 modell b. För att mäta hur mycket belastning den klarade utfördes ett stresstest där antalet parallella videoströmmar att monitorera ökades tills resurserna på enheten var belastade till max. Mätpunkter i enheten som kontrollerades under stresstestet var CPU. Mätningarna visade att den klarade av att monitorera 15 parallella strömmar innan resurserna tog slut. Den open source-baserade lösningen kostade 1548 kronor per enhet medans den implementerade kostade 10898kr. Datan som samlades in av open source-lösningen visade sig vara lika tillförlitlig som den kommersiella lösningen.

Företaget är en tjänsteleverantör av olika tjänster, bl.a. IPTV. De använder sig idag av en kostsam lösning för att monitorera och analysera IPTV-strömmar och ser sig därför efter en mer kostnadseffektiv lösning. Målet med detta examensarbete har varit att svara på om det finns ett tillförlitligt open source-verktyg för detta, om en mikrokontroller kan ersätta deras befintliga hårdvara med avseende för IPTV-monitorering och vad skillnaden i kostnad kan vara. För att kunna besvara dessa frågor har metoder använts för att upprätta en kravställning på vad ett potentiellt verktyg ska kunna mäta, hur mycket det får kosta, samt att utföra stresstest på den utvalda hårdvaran, vilket var en Raspberry Pi 4 Modell B. Allt detta skedde i en uppsatt testmiljö som företaget bistod med. Det resulterade i en produkt som uppfyller de krav som företaget ställde och mätvärdena presenterades övergripande och tydligt i ett webbgränssnitt. Då tester av den framtagna lösningen och den befintliga lösningen inte utfördes i samma testmiljö så kan inte frågorna om open source-verktygets tillförlitlighet och om mikrokontrollerns förmåga inte besvaras på ett tillfredsställande sätt. Jämförelse mellan kostnaderna visar att den framtagna lösningen är mycket billigare då det är en engångskostnad i jämförelse med befintlig lösning som är en årskostnad. Vad som bör beaktas vid eventuell implementering av framtagen lösning är säkerhet, fortsätta studera verktyget och beräkna indirekta kostnader som utbildning, implementering och personalkostnad. / The company is a service provider of various services, including IPTV. Today they use a costly solution for monitoring and analyzing IPTV streams and is therefore looking for a cheaper solution. The goal with this thesis has been to answer if there is a reliable open source tool for monitoring and analyzing IPTV-streams, if a microcontroller can replace the existing hardware for IPTV monitoring and how much the difference in cost can be. To be able to answer these questions methods have been used to establish a set of requirements on what a potential tool should be able to measure, how much it may cost, and to perform stress test on selected hardware which was a Raspberry Pi 4 Model B. All this took place in a test environment which the company provided. This resulted in a product that is able to measure the measurements that the company had as a requirement. The measurement values are presented in a overall and clear way in a web interface. The tests of the developed solution and the existing solution was not performed in the same test environment so the questions of open source tool reliability and microcontroller ability is not answered satisfactorily. Comparison between the costs show that the solution developed is much cheaper because it is a one-time cost compared to existing solution that is an annual cost. What should be considered in any implementation of developed solution is security, continue to study the open source tool and calculate indirect costs such as training, implementation and staff costs.

Although Set-top-Boxes(STBs) are widely deployed today to connect a media source to a display (traditionally a television set), the market is changing due to the introduction of Internet Protocol Television, Over-the-Top streaming devices, gaming console, home theater Personal Computer, smart TV, etc. There is an evolving concept of a Home Media Center (HMC). This HMC provides consumers with an integrated home media environment and experience. This thesis explores the transition from STBs to HMCs. The specific questions that this thesis project answers are: What will a future HMC look like? What will its functions be? What interfaces and protocols will it use? Who will make these HMCs?  How can STB vendors evolve to be HMC vendors or will they simply cease to exist?  This thesis project designed and evaluated a hypothetical HMC prototype based upon current technology trends and user expectations. This prototype was used with 68 volunteers to identify and prioritize the most important features that a HMC should provide. Based upon the most important of these features a conceptual HMC prototype is designed to define a HMC product roadmap for 1, 3, and 5 years. This roadmap is used to project the economic impact of HMCs on the current STB industry.  This economic analysis considers Sweden as the target market. This thesis could be used by current STB vendors to define their own company specific roadmaps to support their transition to the future HMC market. / Aven digitalboxar är spridda i dag för att ansluta en mediakälla till en bildskärm (traditionellt en TV) är marknaden förändras på grund av införandet av Internet Protocol Television, Over-the-Top streaming anordningar, spelkonsol, hem teater Personal Computer, smarta TV osv. Det finns en framväxande begreppet Home Media Center (HMC). Detta HMC ger konsumenterna ett integrerat hem mediemiljö och erfarenhet. Denna avhandling utforskar övergången från digitalboxar till HMC. De specifika frågor som detta examensarbete skall besvara är: Vad kommer en framtida HMC se ut? Hur kommer dess funktioner att bli? Vilka gränssnitt och protokoll kommer den att använda? Vem kommer att göra dessa HMC? Hur kan digitalboxar leverantörer utvecklas vara HMC säljare eller kommer de helt enkelt att upphöra att existera? Detta examensarbete designar och utvärderar en hypotetisk HMC prototyp baserad på nuvarande tekniktrender som användarnas förväntningar studie. Denna prototyp användes med 68 frivilliga att identifiera och prioritera de viktigaste funktionerna som en HMC bör ge. Baserat på de viktigaste av dessa funktioner en konceptuell HMC prototyp kommer att utformas för att definiera en HMC produkt färdplan för en, 3 och 5 år. Färdplanen kommer att användas för att projicera de ekonomiska konsekvenserna av HMC på den aktuella digitalboxar industrin. Denna ekonomiska analysen kommer att överväga Sverige som målgrupp. Denna avhandling kan användas av nuvarande digitalboxar leverantörer för att definiera sina egna företagsspecifika färdplaner för att stödja övergången till den framtida HMC marknaden.

[EN] Broadband Internet access connections allow Internet Service Providers (ISP) to offer several types of services to home customers such as data, voice over IP (VoIP), Internet protocol television (IPTV) and now 3D Internet protocol television (3D- IPTV). That is why the number of IPTV service providers is increasing conside- rably in recent years. Thanks to the evolution at many levels of the communication systems, communication networks and devices, to deliver these services is possible, but the maximum quality is not always guaranteed. For this reason, one of the main issues to be considered by the IPTV service providers is to guarantee the Quality of Experience (QoE) perceived by the end user. In order to achieve this goal, in this PhD Thesis we propose an intelligent management system based on inductive prediction methods to guarantee the QoE of the end-user. One of the important aspects to be considered in the development of the management system is to include all the parameters that affect the QoE. With this purpose, we will analyze the parameters that affect the degradation of the video stream received by the end user through the IPTV service. At the network level, we will identify the main parameters which affect the Quality of Service (QoS), such as jitter, delay, lost packets and bandwidth. At the user level, these parameters affect to the subjective perception of the user when watching the video. We also checked that effects derived from the compression, quantization, and bitrate affect this perception too. / [ES] Las conexiones de acceso a Internet de banda ancha permiten a los Internet Service Provider (ISP) ofrecer servicios a los hogares tales como datos, Voice on IP (VoIP), Televisión sobre IP (IPTV) y actualmente 3D-TV sobre IP (3D-IPTV). Es por esto que el número de proveedores de servicios de IPTV está aumentando considerable- mente en los últimos años. Gracias a la evolución tanto a nivel de sistemas, como de redes de comunicación como de dispositivos, la entrega de este tipo de servicios es posible pero no siempre con las máximas garantías de calidad. Por este motivo, una de las principales cuestiones a tener en cuenta por parte del proveedor de servicios de IPTV es garantizar la calidad de experiencia (Quality of Experience (QoE)) percibida por el usuario final. Para conseguir este objetivo, en la siguiente tesis doctoral se propone un sistema de gestión inteligente basado en métodos induc- tivos de predicción para garantizar la QoE del usuario final. Uno de los aspectos importantes a tener en cuenta en el desarrollo del sistema de gestión es el incluir los parámetros que afectan a la QoE. Para ello, se analizarán aquellos parámetros que afecten a la degradación del flujo de vídeo recibido por el usuario final a tra- vés del servicio de IPTV. A nivel de red, se identificarán dichos parámetros como aquellos que afectan a la calidad de Servicio (Quality of Service (QoS)) como son el jitter, el retardo, los paquetes perdidos y el ancho de banda principalmente. A nivel de usuario, estos parámetros afectan a la percepción subjetiva del usuario al visualizar el vídeo. Comprobamos como efectos derivados de la compresión, la cuantificación, el bitrate, etc, afectan también a dicha percepción. / [CA] Les connexions d'accés a Internet de banda ampla permeten als Proveïdors de Ser- vicis d'Internet (ISP) oferir servicis a les llars com ara dades, veu sobre IP (VoIP), Televisió sobre IP (IPTV) i actualment 3D-TV sobre IP (3D-IPTV). És per açò que el nombre de proveïdors de servicis d'IPTV està augmentant considerablement en els últims anys. Gràcies a l'evolució tant a nivell de sistemes, com de xarxes de comunicació com de dispositius, l'entrega d'este tipus de servicis és possible però no sempre amb les màximes garanties de qualitat. Per este motiu, una de les principals qüestions a tindre en compte per part del proveïdor de servicis d'IPTV és garantir la qualitat d'experiència (Quality of Experience, QoE) percebuda per l'usuari final. Per a aconseguir este objectiu, en la següent tesi doctoral es proposa un sistema de gestió intel·ligent basat en mètodes inductius de predicció per a garantir la QoE de l'usuari final. Un dels aspectes importants a tindre en compte en el desenrotllament del sistema de gestió es incloure els paràmetres que afecten la QoE. Per a això, s'analitzaran aquells paràmetres que afecten la degradació del flux de vídeo rebut per l'usuari final a través del servici d'IPTV. A nivell de xar- xa, s'identificaran dits paràmetres com aquells que afecten la qualitat de Servici (Quality of Service, QoS) com són el jitter, el retard, els paquets perduts i l'ample de banda principalment. A nivell d'usuari, estos paràmetres afecten la percepció subjectiva de l'usuari al visualitzar el vídeo. Comprovem com efectes derivats de la compresió, la quantificació, el bitrate, etc, afecten també a dita percepció. / Cánovas Solbes, A. (2016). Diseño y Desarrollo de un Sistema de Gestión Inteligente de QoE para Redes HD y Estereoscópicas IPTV [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/65074