The integration of divergent cultures is crucial in maintaining the performance of a merged organization. Prior studies on IT culture in IS departments are mainly on corporate culture and lack of in-depth study. Recently, a practical survey shows that post-merger IT integration is always treated as a technology transformation perspective. To support business strategy, IT architecture, processes and skills should be effectively redesigned after the merger. However, conflicts may emerge within the merged departments due to different cultures and incompatible IT configurations. This dissertation proposed a novel analysis framework based on IT culture conflict perspective and strategic alignment model. We selected three financial holding companies in Taiwan as post-merger cases. They conducted IT integration projects while facing conflicts due to differences in IT culture related to organizational size, IT integration strategies, and characteristics with respect to government-owned versus private banks. Through multiple case study with data analysis based on grounded theory, we have identified three types of IT culture conflict that occurred in IT integration, examined their major effects on IT integration, and discussed how to resolve IT culture conflicts in post-merger IT integration. Propositions are derived to conclude the findings from these cases, which can be validated through empirical studies in future studies.

The evolution of the airport business is demonstrated by airports that are adopting new business strategies and commercial models, which allow them to be, for example, service providers instead of real-estate managers, with the focus on cost reduction and increasing non-aeronautical (commercial) revenues. Information technology (IT) can be used by airports to achieve their business goals, such as enhancing performance by delivering cost reductions and generating additional revenue streams. Airports operate in an increasingly competitive and dynamic market, with the aim of attracting a larger share of hub traffic from neighbouring airports. Therefore, financial and operational performance will be key elements for airlines when choosing a new airport destination. The research shows that airports are more focused on passenger satisfaction, resulting in airport performance indicators that have the passenger at its operational core and performance targets (e.g. Airport Service Quality passenger satisfaction survey). IT plays an important role in increasing airport performance through the automation of processes such as the deployment of common-use check-in desks and self-service check-in kiosks. Studies of other industries have shown evidence that IT impacts firm performance, but there have been few studies related to the airport industry. Thus, the aim of this research is to assess the relationship between IT and airport performance, and it proposes a conceptual framework to assess the relationship between IT and airport performance by drawing from studies in other industries. Two methodologies were used in this research, the first one was the case study, and the second one was the online survey. The case studies consisted of 16 faceto- face interviews with senior staff representing two airports in Asia, one airport in Australia, and one airport in Europe. The case studies result show that there is a relationship between IT and airport performance ... [cont.].

The evolution of the airport business is demonstrated by airports that are adopting new business strategies and commercial models, which allow them to be, for example, service providers instead of real-estate managers, with the focus on cost reduction and increasing non-aeronautical (commercial) revenues. Information technology (IT) can be used by airports to achieve their business goals, such as enhancing performance by delivering cost reductions and generating additional revenue streams. Airports operate in an increasingly competitive and dynamic market, with the aim of attracting a larger share of hub traffic from neighbouring airports. Therefore, financial and operational performance will be key elements for airlines when choosing a new airport destination. The research shows that airports are more focused on passenger satisfaction, resulting in airport performance indicators that have the passenger at its operational core and performance targets (e.g. Airport Service Quality passenger satisfaction survey). IT plays an important role in increasing airport performance through the automation of processes such as the deployment of common-use check-in desks and self-service check-in kiosks. Studies of other industries have shown evidence that IT impacts firm performance, but there have been few studies related to the airport industry. Thus, the aim of this research is to assess the relationship between IT and airport performance, and it proposes a conceptual framework to assess the relationship between IT and airport performance by drawing from studies in other industries. Two methodologies were used in this research, the first one was the case study, and the second one was the online survey. The case studies consisted of 16 faceto- face interviews with senior staff representing two airports in Asia, one airport in Australia, and one airport in Europe. The case studies result show that there is a relationship between IT and airport performance ... [cont.].

Följande kandidatuppsats är en kvalitativ studie angående kvinnors yrkesval inom IT- branschen med fokus på User Experience Design. Syftet med studien är att undersöka varför kvinnor i allt större utsträckning söker sig till UX Design, då man inte ser denna utveckling i övriga professioner inom IT. Problemområdet blir därmed att studera om det finns någon problematik som kvinnor möter inom sin utbildning eller på sin arbetsplats. Flera företag har uppmärksammat kvinnors intresse för UX Design. Detta främst på grund av att de kvinnliga medarbetarna inom arbetsgrupper inriktade på UX Design vid flertalet fall är i majoritet, vilket inte hör till vanligheten inom IT-professioner. År 2016 stod kvinnor för majoriteten av konsultroller inom UX Design, samt av UX-talanger stod kvinnor för dryga 80 %. Statistik från UHR år 2019 tyder på att skillnaderna mellan män och kvinnor inom utbildningar inriktade på UX Design, inte var speciellt stora. I studien har sju intervjuer utförts, där tre av respondenterna är verksamma inom UX Design och resterande fyra deltagare studerar eller arbetar inom andra professioner i IT-branschen. Av respondenterna var det en blandning av män och kvinnor, varav tre är män samt fyra är kvinnor. Resultatet tyder på att det finns ett flertal aspekter till varför kvinnor söker sig till UX Design. En av dessa faktorer kan vara att den sociala miljön stimulerar kreativiteten. Det finns kvinnliga förebilder där vilket ger en trygghet som inte är lika given i en mansdominerad profession. Det kan även finnas en brist av manliga förebilder som stöttar vilket också kan vara en bidragande faktor, samt att kvinnor har en felaktig bild av vad IT som yrke omfattar. / The following bachelor thesis is a qualitative study on women's participation in the IT-industry which focuses on User Experience Design. The purpose of the study is to investigate how women find themselves looking for UX Design over other IT-professions. This is to see what obstacles women face in their education as well as in their workplace, and thus be able to obtain improvements to be made. Several companies have drawn attention to women's interest in UX Design. This is mainly due to the fact that the majority of female employees, within working groups focused on UX Design, are in the majority of cases, which is not a common practice in IT-professions. In 2016, women accounted for the majority of consulting roles within UX Design, and of UX talents, women accounted for just over 80 %. Statistics from UHR in 2019 show that the differences between men and women in education focused on UX Design, were not particularly large. In most cases, the men were even a minority. The study has done seven interviews where three of the participants have worked in UX Design and the remaining four work in other professions in the IT-industry. Out of the participants, there was a mix of men and women, where three were men and four were women. The results show that there are a number of factors why women are choosing a career in UX Design. It may be because it is a social environment that stimulates creativity, there are female role models which provides a security that is not as given in a male-dominated profession. It can also be due to a lack of male role models who support the women interested in the industry, and lastly that women have an incorrect image of what IT as a profession encompasses.

Den digitala utvecklingen accelereras alltmer och det blir allt viktigare för organisationer att digitalisera sina verksamheter genom olika IT-system. IT-implementeringar har dock sedan länge visat sig vara en komplex process och många organisationer tar hjälp av IT-konsulter för att lyckas med implementering av IT. IT-implementeringar påverkas dessutom till stor del av IT-kulturen i organisationen. Därför är det relevant att undersöka sambandet mellan IT-kultur och IT-implementering, för att således möjliggöra utformandet av strategier som underlättar en IT-implementering. SYFTE: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur IT-kultur samspelar med implementering av IT och vilka strategier som kan användas för att underlätta implementeringen. Detta görs genom att studera konsulters arbete med att identifiera medarbetarnas inställningar till IT. GENOMFÖRANDE: Studien är en kvalitativ tvärsnittsstudie. Det empiriska materialet utgörs av sju intervjuer med IT-konsulter från fem olika företag. Studien genomförs med ett interpretativt grundantagande.  SLUTSATS: Studien visar att IT-kultur samspelar med implementering av IT, där en positiv IT-kultur främjar en lyckad implementering. Konsulter bör därmed använda strategier för att sprida positiv IT-kultur i organisationen, samt för att omvandla negativa och neutrala IT-kulturer till mer positiva. Olika strategier är lämpliga för olika sorters IT-kulturer och det är därmed av vikt att konsulten lär känna organisationen och kartlägger de olika IT-kulturer som existerar inom organisationen, för att således kunna bemöta dem på bästa sätt. / The digital transformation is accelerating, and it is of utmost importance that organizations and consultants hired by them are successful in implementing IT tools. Simultaneously, an IT implementation is complex and largely affected by the IT culture in the organization. Therefore, it is of importance to study the connection between IT culture and IT implementation, and to form strategies that can be used to facilitate an IT implementation regarding the IT culture. AIM: The aim of the study is to analyze how IT culture is connected to IT implementation and strategies that can be used to facilitate IT implementation. This is accomplished by a study of consultants and how they identify co-workers’ attitudes to IT.  COMPLETION: This study is a cross-sectional qualitative study. The empirical data consists of seven interviews with IT consultants from five different companies. The study is conducted with an interpretive philosophical perspective.  CONCLUSION: This study shows that IT cultures play an important role in the process of implementation of IT, where a positive IT subculture benefits a successful implementation. Therefore, through active work during the implementation process, IT consultants can deal with negative attitudes and strengthen positive approaches.  IT consultants should use strategies to create a positive IT culture within the organization, but also to transform negative and neutral IT cultures into more positive IT cultures. Different strategies are suitable for different kinds of IT cultures and it is therefore essential that IT consultants get to know the organization and clarify the variety of IT subcultures that exist within the organization, to be able to address them in the most suitable way.