This Master's thesis deals with the creation of a server-side system used for the automated reading of personal information from photographed identity documents. It is focused on the processing of photographs made by camera phones with respect to various quality of their images. Text localization in images and its recognition by means of neural network are the subject of this thesis. The final system is tested by the client application which was created for the Android operating system.

Since 1997, fully noncontributory minimum pensions have been established in many Latin American countries, and have more recently been encouraged as a "zero pillar" of social security by the World Bank and other IFIs. These policies came into being under diverse political regimes and display a range of levels of generosity and universality. Becuase these policies are generally part of a modern bureaucratic welfare state project, they require identity documents, something that many low-income citizens do not possess. States have lowered barriers to the supply of identity documents, and new social policies, like noncontributory pensions and conditional or unconditional cash transfers, have stimulated demand for identity documents among those who do not currently have them. Brazils noncontributory pension, the BPC, has a means test and a large benefit (equivalent to the minimum wage), but requires providing identity documents for all household members. This report discusses the propagation of noncontributory pensions, then examines Brazilian government records to determine the size of the incentive to demand documents in Brazil using a logit model and a more novel survival time regression discontinuity design, raising questions of the relationships between benefit size, universality, document requirements, and poverty. / text

The aim of this research is to investigate guidelines for formulating questions to interview applicants of identity documents, for the use of the Department of Home Affairs (DHA) officials during the interviewing of applicants of identity documents. The research further intends to share and introduce a number of important concepts, namely: Interviewing, Crime Investigation, Information, Identity Docu-ment, Immigration Officer, Department, and Case File. The research will explain the objectives of investigation and guidelines for developing proper questions for use by officials of the DHA, to test information on new applicants of identity documents. The object of the investigation is to obtain information to prove the correct techniques on how to interview appli-cants of identity documents. It further explains that criminal investigation can be defined as the process of discovering, collecting, preparing, identifying and presenting evidence, to deter-mine what happened and who is responsible. Interviewing is defined as the process of gathering testimonial evidence through interviewing, and it has a predetermined objective, namely discovering the truth about the matter under investigation. It is also explained that during guidelines for formulating relevant questions to use to enable the official or immigration officer to formulate test questions that are clearly understood better by DHA. The relevant questions should be formulated by DHA officials, so that the questions get to the heart of the issue. This can enable the official to avoid applicants submitting fraudulent documents which could later result in litigation. The research will assist in decreasing the high rate of corruption, and also litigation, as these represent the main problem of the research. / Criminology and Security Science / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

El presente informe versa sobre un caso en específico -y originado en el departamento de Madre de Dios- que ha trascendido en la legislación peruana, toda vez que a través del Pleno Sentencia 641/2021, se le exhorta al Congreso de la República a la modificación del artículo 20 del Código Civil Peruano recalcando que dicho texto legal no impone un orden de prelación sobre los apellidos que se le asignará al hijo. Este caso se remonta al año 2019, cuando Marcelina Rudas Valer a favor de su hija, Jhojana Rudas Guedes, acuden ante el Tribunal Constitucional con el fin de interponer un Hábeas Corpus contra el jefe institucional del Registro Nacional de Identificación y Estado Civil (RENIEC) solicitando que el apellido materno de la representada se consigne primero que el paterno; y así, se le emita su DNI con el nombre por el cual esta se identifica tanto socialmente como legalmente: Jhojana Rudas Guedes. Ante ello, el objetivo del presente informe es analizar la importancia del derecho a la igualdad y no discriminación (de género) en la sociedad actual y cómo este influye en el derecho a la identidad de nuestros hijos. ¿Cómo debería de interpretarse el artículo 20° del Código Civil Peruano? Por un lado, desde siempre se asumió “estrictamente” que el orden de los apellidos es: primero el paterno y posteriormente, el materno; por otro lado, se discute que esta disposición legal no impone un orden de prelación de apellidos, sino por el contrario, debería de entenderse como una fuente de igualdad. Asimismo, se brindará un breve alcance sobre los derechos fundamentales, las diferentes posturas y pronunciamientos de los magistrados peruanos con respecto al caso de Jhojana Rudas Guedes y cómo es que esta última logra obtener un fallo favorable en el máximo órgano de interpretación, dando un giro a la historia del Perú. / Trabajo de suficiencia profesional