The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between developmental milestones of babies and the prevalence of spinal deformities in adolescents in Middelburg, Mpumalanga. The relationship between spinal deformities in a cross-sectional group of adolescents and parental recall was the focus of the study. One hundred and four adolescents were evaluated to determine if a spinal deformity was present. The subjects were then allocated to either the case (those with spinal deformities) or the control (subjects without spinal deformities) groups. The mothers of the subjects were then interviewed with regard to some of the developmental milestones of their offspring, and other factors which may have had an influence on the development of adolescent spinal deformities. The results showed that a perfectly "normal spine" was seldom found and that even in the control group some minor deviations, within normal limits, were present. Most of the mothers of subjects from the case group did not realise that their offspring had a deformity. There was a non¬significant trend for more crawlers to be present in the control group. Subjects who did not crawl, and who were also late walkers appeared to have an increased tendency to develop adolescent spinal deformities. Despite the fact that the schools approached were multi-racial, only white parents responded to the request for participation in this trial. The possible reasons for this should be investigated and a trial comparing the prevalence of spinal deformities amongst adolescents from all ethnic groups in South Africa should be conducted. Due to the possible recall bias of this study, it is recommended that a longitudinal study, commencing with the babies attending baby clinics in South Africa (representative of the South Africa population), be conducted to determine the influence of developmental milestones on the prevalence of spinal deformities in adolescence. / Dissertation (MPhysiotherapy)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Physiotherapy / unrestricted

Gymnastics is noted for involving highly specialized strength, power, agility and flexibility. Flexibility is perhaps the single greatest discriminator of gymnastics from other sports. The extreme ranges of motion achieved by gymnasts require long periods of training, often occupying more than a decade. Gymnasts also start training at an early age (particularly female gymnasts), and the effect of gymnastics training on these young athletes is poorly understood. One of the concerns of many gymnastics professionals is the training of the spine in hyperextension—the ubiquitous ‘arch’ seen in many gymnastics positions and movements. Training in spine hyperextension usually begins in early childhood through performance of a skill known as a back-bend. Does practising a back-bend and other hyperextension exercises harm young gymnasts? Current information on spine stretching among gymnasts indicates that, within reason, spine stretching does not appear to be an unusual threat to gymnasts’ health. However, the paucity of information demands that further study be undertaken.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is characterized by a three-dimensional curve within the spine thus creating asymmetries within the trunk. In addition to modifying the trunk geometry, these structural asymmetries change the location of the center of mass. Gait patterns in people with AIS may possibly be altered on the basis of these structural changes. The purpose of this study was to identify differences in gait kinematics and kinetics as well as left-right symmetry as a function of the severity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Forty-five girls divided into a control group, a mild-to-moderate AIS group and a severe AIS group participated in data collection. Gait analysis included bilateral kinematic and kinetic measurements. The maximal joint ranges of motion at the ankle, knee, hip and trunk-pelvis were analyzed. Maxima and minima in the antero-posterior, medio-lateral and vertical components of ground reaction force (GRF) were compared between the three groups as well as the median frequencies obtained from a frequency spectrum analysis of GRF. A symmetry index was computed between the primary curve side and the contralateral side for each kinematic and kinetic variable. Both AIS groups differed from controls in their range of motion at the ankle and at the knee but for the AIS group with severe curves, this was also observed at the hip. Both local maxima in the vertical component and the maximum of the antero-posterior component of the ground reaction force were decreased while the local minimum of the vertical component and the antero-posterior component of GRF increased in the severe AIS group compared to the control group. Higher median frequency contents in the antero-posterior and vertical component of ground reaction force were found in the AIS groups than in controls. No difference in asymmetry was found in any of the variables between all groups. These results seem to indicate that severe AIS participants have a more altered gait pattern than the mild-to-moderate AIS group. Findings from this study point toward greater changes in kinematics and kinetics during stance between all AIS groups and the control group.

No description available.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal. / Le but de cette étude est d'évaluer les caractéristiques associées à la mobilité de la colonne vertébrale chez les patients ayant une scoliose idiopathique. Selon les études antérieures, une augmentation de la flexibilité et de la mobilité de la colonne vertébrale serait reliée à une courbure scoliotique. Une meilleure compréhension de ce phénomène serait utile à révolution et au traitement de cette maladie. De plus, la caractérisation des mouvements normaux pourrait servir d'indicateur complémentaire au pronostique. Cette étude porte sur l'évaluation de la mobilité de la colonne vertébrale chez les patients scoliotiques. Les résultats ont été comparés à ceux de sujets témoins normaux afin d'établir s'il existe une relation entre la mobilité de la colonne vertébrale et certaines variables biodémographiques. Soixante-cinq adolescents ayant une scoliose idiopathique ont constitué le groupe patient alors que des sujets (13 garçons et 7 filles) d'âge comparable formaient le groupe témoin. Les patients avaient un âge moyen de 14 ans et n avaient pas été opères' à la colonne vertébrale bien qu' une scoliose était présente. Tous les sujets ont été mesurés et évalués à la clinique de scoliose de l' hôpital Sainte-Justine. L'âge, la hauteur et le poids ont été mesurés. Les mesures de la mobilité ont été effectuées dans les trois plans à l'aide d'un inclinomètre. Un test-t de Student et une analyse de régression multiple ont été utilisées pour déterminer la présence de différences significatives entre les deux groupes et l'importance relative des variables biodémographiques sur la mobilité de la colonne vertébrale. Une valeur de p < 0.001 pour le test-t et de p < 0.05 pour les corrélations et les régressions multiples ont été arbitrairement choisies. La mobilité de la colonne vertébrale du groupe sujets était significativement différente de celle du groupe témoin. Elle était plus petite chez les 'atients dans les plans sagittal et transverse, un résultat qui n'appuie pas l'hypothèse d'une flexibilité excessive chez les patients scoliotiques. Très peu de corrélation a été trouvée entre les différentes variables biodémographiques et plus particulièrement avec l'angle de Cobb qui indique la sévérité des courbures. L'implication clinique de ce travail porte sur l'importance possible de maintenir une amplitude normale de mouvement dans les régions thoraco-lombaire. / The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of spinal mobility in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Earlier studies have indicated that an increase in flexibility and spinal mobility may be of importance in producing deviation of spine. Knowledge of the effect of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis on spinal mobility could be useful in the evaluation and treatment of the disease. Furthermore, characterization of the abnormal motion may be of prognostic value. This study focused on the assessment of spinal mobility in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis as compared to that of normal subjects and tried to establish a relationship between the likely spinal mobility differences and some biodemographic variables. Sixty five girls with progressive adolescent idiopathic scoliosis formed the patient group while 20 age-matched controls (13 boys and 7 girls) with normal spine comprised the able-bodied group. The scoliofcic patients were girls with a mean age of 14 years, and all had combined thoracic and lumbar nonoperated curves. All subjects were measured and evaluated in the scoliosis clinic of Sainte-Justine Hospital. Age, height, and weight were determined. Measurements of the mobility were done in three planes with an inclinometer. Student t-test technique and multivariate regression analysis were used to determine the significant differences between the two groups and the relative importance of the biodemographic variables on spinal mobility with a p value of 0.001 for t-test and 0.05 for correlation and mutivariate regression. Spinal mobility of the patient group was found to be significantly different from those of normals. Spinal mobility was more restricted among scoliotic patients in the sagittal and transverse planes, a finding which does not support the hypothesis of excessive flexibility of the spine in idiopathic scoliosis. Very little correlation could be detected between biodemographic variables, and specially the Cobb angle which measured severity of curves even though the spinal mobility was reduced in scoliotic patients. The clinical implication of this work may be that preservation of a normal range of motion in the thoracolumbar spine should be one of the aims of treatment.

Bakgrund: Skolios är en åkomma som förekommer hos två till fyra procent av alla barn och ungdomar i en ålder på 10-20 år. Skolios innebär att personen har en snedställning av ryggraden som mäts och definieras med metoden cobb angle. Detta kan ge upphov till smärta men även andra typer av problem som exempelvis längre livskvalitet. Ungdomarna kan uppleva att det besvärar dem i deras vardag både fysiskt, psykiskt och socialt. Vid andra allmänna former av ryggproblem har studier påvisat goda resultat för minskad smärta vid fysisk aktivitet av bålen.   Syftet: med studien är att utvärdera om coreträning kan minska ryggsmärtor och cobb angle hos tonåringar med idiopatisk skolios.   Metod: Metoden som användes är en deskriptiv litteraturstudie. För att hitta relevanta studier användes databaserna pubmed och cinahl. Studiernas evidensgranskades utifrån ett granskningsprotokoll (GRADE).   Resultatet: inkluderade 14 artiklar som redovisades i fyra olika teman: Coreträning som reducerar smärta &amp; cobb angle, Coreträning utan inverkan på smärta och cobb angle, muskelstyrka &amp; träningskapacitet och samband mellan bålstabilitet &amp; livskvalité. Resultatet påvisade lite delade meningar om huruvida coreträning kan hjälpa till att minska smärta och cobb angle. Merparten av artiklarna visade att specifikt utformad coreträning kan hjälpa till att reducera smärta och cobb angle, men däremot sågs ingen större skillnad mellan generella- och specifika träningsprogram på reducering av smärta och cobb angle.   Slutsats: I denna studie framkom samband mellan ökad bålstabilitet och minskad smärta/cobb angle. Detta kan tyda på att specificerad coreträning skulle kunna agera som behandling för att minska smärta och cobb angle hos tonåringar med idiopatisk skolios.

The thesis is foccused on the problematics of the developmental coordination disorder and its presence within the patiens with the idiopathic scoliosis. The theoretical part deals with the explanation of the terms of developmental coordination disorder, sensory integration and idiopathic scoliosis. The experimental part looks for the connection among the idiopathic scoliosis and the dvelopmental dyspraxia. Thirty patients took part in it. Eighteen of them were patiens with the idiopathic scoliosis, these were divided into two groups according to the age. The first group at the age of 7 to 10 years counted four patiens, the other group from 11 to 16 years contained fourteen patiens. The controll group involved twelve children from the fifth class of the common primary school. The children were tested by the standardized Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2 (MABC-2). Furthermore the measurement was completed by two questionnaires for parents. In the DCDQ'07 they assessed the motor abilities of their child compared to children of the same age and gender. The other questionnaire was aimed at closer information obout the pregnancy, development of the child, presence of any disease or impairment, etc. The difference between motor skills of children with the idiopathic scoliosis and the controll group in...

Purpose: The aim of this research was to determine whether there is a difference in the presence of minimal cerebellar signs, hypermobility and dyspraxia in the group of patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) and a control group of individuals without IS. Methods: 11 patients have been selected for this research with IS and 11 individuals without IS as a control group. The International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) was used for examination of cerebellar signs. Hypermobility was evaluated with ten tests according to Janda. The presence of pendulum reflexes was determined by examination of patellar and triceps reflex, while dyspraxia was analyzed by means of the Czechoslovak test. Results: Patients with IS scored significantly worse in ICARS than the control group (p < 0,05). IS patients presented with significantly more pronounced hypermobility in head rotation (p = 0,0384) and forward bending (p = 0,0409) tests comparing to the control group. No significant difference between the two groups was identified in pendulum reflexes and the Czechoslovak dyspraxia test. Conclusion: The study confirms significantly more positive signs of ataxia and asynergy in a group of patients with IS comparing to control group. Hypermobility was significantly more pronounced in head rotation and forward...

Title: Current approaches in conservative treatment of scoliosis - literature review Objective: The goal of this diploma thesis is evaluate the most efective current within a combination of a bracing with exercises therapy. Next goal is to summarize matters of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis disease, especially outline of clinical picture, causes and predisposition for origin these deformity and last but not least options in conservative treatment. Methodics: This diploma thesis is processed as literature review from available literary resources. First part of thesis contains all of theoretical bases and knowledge about adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Second part has a decriptive-analytical charakter and contains analysis of studies, which was used a bracing supplemented by exercises treatment. Results: Established criteria after finish of review fulfill only nine studies, which interest about efectivness of treatment by bracing in pacient with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Because the way of studies and their very low number of studies, is not possible to evaluate results of studies and conclusively interpret, which one is the most effective access. Nevertheless in all of this studies was demonstrated higher efficancy by therapy with probands undergoing a bracing along with active exercise...

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-10-10T14:12:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 barbarapalmeirarossi.pdf: 2217094 bytes, checksum: 480750f65d038294f2e4a6574e13bcd7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-10-16T13:34:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 barbarapalmeirarossi.pdf: 2217094 bytes, checksum: 480750f65d038294f2e4a6574e13bcd7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-16T13:34:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 barbarapalmeirarossi.pdf: 2217094 bytes, checksum: 480750f65d038294f2e4a6574e13bcd7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-20 / INTRODUÇÃO: A escoliose idiopática (EI) é a maior causa de deformidade na coluna de adolescentes. A eletromiografia de superfície (EMGs) tem sido considerada um instrumento válido para avaliação da ativação elétrica entre os músculos paravertebrais, entretanto poucos autores se dedicaram a estudar a ativação dos músculos longuíssimo lombar (Long), iliocostal (Ilio) e glúteo médio (Gme), durante atividades dinâmicas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a ativação elétrica dos músculos Long, Ilio e Gme, nos lados côncavo (Cv) e convexo (Cx) da coluna lombar de adolescentes com EI, durante os movimentos de levantar, sentar e durante a marcha além de correlacionar essa ativação com o ângulo de Cobb. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, aprovado pelo CEP/UFJF (Parecer nº 2.253.351) no qual foram avaliados 15 adolescentes, destros, diagnosticados por meio de raio-X para medida de ângulo de Cobb com EI lombar entre 10 e 32º. A atividade muscular foi avaliada por meio da EMGs (EMGSystem®), sendo que os eletrodos de superfície foram colocados sobre os músculos Long, Ilio e Gme. Um footswitch foi posicionado sob o calcâneo para marcação temporal juntamente com a EMGs, com sinais captados durante 1 min. Os sinais foram processados com MATLAB e calculada a amplitude RMS. RESULTADOS: Houve diferença significativa entre as amplitudes RMS nos lados Cv e Cx, no Long, durante o movimento de levantar (P=0,026), sentar (P=0,015) e na marcha, no início da fase de apoio (P=0,007). No Ilio do lado Cx pode-se observar correlação com o ângulo de Cobb, durante o movimento de levantar (P=0,003, r=0,71) e sentar (P=0,03, r=0,55). CONCLUSAO: Existe assimetria no recrutamento do Long nos movimentos de levantar, sentar e durante a marcha. Além disso, pode-se observar correlação entre o Ilio do lado Cx e o ângulo de Cobb. / INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is the major cause of deformity in the adolescent spine. Surface electromyography (sEMG) has been considered a valid instrument for the evaluation of electrical activation among the paravertebral muscles. However, a few authors have studied the muscles activation of the Longissimus lumbar (Long), Iliocostalis (Ilio) and Gluteus Medius (Gme) during dynamic activities. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the electrical activation of the Long, Ilio and Gme muscles on the concave (Cv) and convex (Cx) sides of the adolescents lumbar spine with IS during the standing, sitting and walking movements and to correlate this activation with the Cobb angle. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 15 adolescents, right-handed, diagnosed by means of x-ray to measure Cobb angle with lumbar IS between 10 and 32º. EMGs were recorded using surface electrodes placed on Long, Ilio and Gme muscles. The footswitch was placed under the calcaneus for temporal marking in parallel with the EMGs for 1 min. The signals were processed in MATLAB and the RMS amplitude was estimated. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the Cv and Cx sides, in the Long muscles during the standing movement (P=0.026) and during sitting movement (P=0.015). On gait, there was a significant difference in Long, at the beginning of the support phase (P=0.007). Ilio muscle on the Cx side presented a correlation with the Cobb angle, during standing (P=0.003, r=0.71) and sitting (P=0.03, r=0.55). CONCLUSION: There seems to be an asymmetry in Long muscle recruitment during standing and sitting, and at the beginning of the support phase. In addition, the Ilio correlates with the Cobb angle during standing and sitting.