The following three chapters identify influences of the Imagist movement and the avant garde painters on the early poetry of Williams, and particularly on those poems that deal with flowers. This study is restricted to the earlier poems for several reasons, the most obvious being that Williams simply does not employ floral imagery to any extent in The Collected Later Poems. For instance, of the almost three hundred poems in The Collected Earlier Poems nearly sixty take flowers as their title or rely on floral imagery for part of their power. Nearly half that many use arboreal imagery, another prominent and important "object" in Williams' poetry, and, of course, many more use other images from the natural world. On the other hand, in The Collected Later Poems only three poems have flowers in their titles. Even in these three Williams was more interested in depicting sociological situations than in description, for his conception of poetry changed radically after the 1930's. He became convinced at that time that poetry should be serious rather than entertaining. Further, he became a staunch advocate of the "anti-poetic" theory of beauty whose chief tenet was that beauty and ugliness were part of a single whole. Nothing beautiful, like a flower, could exist without its soil of ugly, drab antecedents. James Guimond believes that this is the reason why Williams ceased presenting "his beautiful objects in splendid, static isolation from time and the world around them" (1, p. 50). Possibly 14 for these reasons the nature imagery is not nearly so dominant in these poems as in those written before 1940. Nor has the poetry of Paterson or Pictures from Breugel been included in this study. Because of the tremendous attention given them in the last five years, their nature imagery has been well covered. However, of the nature, and especially floral, imagery of the earlier poetry little has been said. Hopefully, this study will show that Williams made extensive and successful use of flowers in his poetry because they were the particular objects of the concrete world which best lent themselves to the related techniques and goals of first the Imagistic movement in poetry and later the Stieglitz school in painting.

Cette thèse explore le fonctionnement de la poésie moderniste américaine sous l’angle de la relation. Critiquant la rhétorique de la rupture généralement associée à l’esthétique des avant-gardes modernistes, notre parcours suit la ligne sinueuse de la poétique de la relation de H.D. [1886-1961] à Robert Duncan [1919-1988]. Loin de tracer une trajectoire chronologique entre ces deux points, qui ne sont pas envisagés comme les œuvres-limites d’un nouveau canon, cette étude a pour point central The H.D. Book. La poésie dite de l’après-guerre émerge comme celle d’un perpétuel entre-deux-guerres, et sa postmodernité, comme une illusion. L’analyse montre que le passage du modernisme historique à son avatar métamoderniste s’effectue par la reconfiguration du mode disjonctif en mise en relation. Ligne fuyante du modernisme, la relation Duncan-H.D. est une utopie. C’est pourquoi elle permet sa critique. Celle-ci implique le passage d’une politique individuelle de l’invention [Pound, Eliot…] à une éthique de l’écriture. Cette aventure, fondée sur des échanges poétiques et épistolaires publiés et inédits, passe par Eliot, Pound, Levertov, Olson et Creeley, mais aussi par Mallarmé, Baudelaire, Valéry ou encore Deleuze, Meschonnic et Glissant. Du H.D. Book à Ground Work, comme de Hymen à Trilogy, la philosophie du devenir, qui s’étend de l’héraclitéisme à la relation d’Édouard Glissant, en passant par le flux bergsonien et par l’empirisme radical de Williams James, offre un cadre conceptuel propre à rendre compte de l’écriture comme processus, de l’espace poétique comme champ de composition, du texte comme système complexe et du poème comme projet. / Starting with a critique of the rhetoric of rupture that is ordinarily closely linked to avant-garde aesthetics, this dissertation seeks to probe the ground of modernist American poetry through a poetics of and as relation. Viewing modernism and postmodernism from this standpoint has dramatic consequences on the assumptions of language theory and innovative poetry. Steering away from a single or dual literary portrait, this study follows the winding path relating early modernism to its metamorphic—or metamodernist—version. Largely focused on the late works of H.D. and Robert Duncan, my objective is not to establish the personal or literary boundaries of another counter-canon. Rather, the Duncan-H.D. line provides a critical outlook on the stakes of nodal or network writing. This involves a shift from the individual’s politics of invention [Pound, Eliot…] to an ethics of relational composition [Duncan, H.D.…]. Therefore, the emphasi! s is laid on published and unpublished poetic exchanges and epistolary relations also involving Levertov, Olson, Pound, and Creeley among others, gradually producing the multilinear mapping of a nomadic poetry. Duncan and H.D.’s relational poetics, as evidenced by The H.D. Book and Ground Work, or Hymen and the War Trilogy, draw on a “boundless creational field,” which is predicated on the Jamesian “lines of influence” and the Deleuzian “lines of flight,” ultimately underwriting Glissant’s philosophy of relation and Meschonnic’s groundbreaking language theory. H.D.’s Sapphic rewriting of classic symbols into complex images, like Duncan’s field poetics and serial writings, provide the ground for a reworking of twentieth-century modernism.

Orientador: Fábio Akcelrud Durão / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T02:43:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Welcman_Max_M.pdf: 689545 bytes, checksum: 220de918e976fa7f963c4ec14a71c61b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho é introduzir no âmbito acadêmico brasileiro a discussão sobre a primeira vanguarda literária inglesa do século XX, o Imagismo, além de trazer a público, por meio da elaboração de uma antologia bilíngue, uma série de poemas de autores britânicos e norte-americanos pertencentes àquele movimento e ainda inéditos ou pouco divulgados no país. O Imagismo teve reconhecido seu papel pioneiro na reflexão e difusão de novas formas literárias na poesia anglo-norteamericana, envolveu alguns dos principais nomes da literatura anglófona do período, como Ezra Pound, T. E. Hulme, Hilda Doolittle, Amy Lowell, D. H. Lawrence, William Carlos Williams, Ford Madox Ford, entre outros, e influenciou diversos poetas modernistas a ele posteriores, sendo assim fundamental para compreender a formação e desenvolvimento do modernismo nos Estados Unidos e Reino Unido. O estudo foi realizado a partir da leitura e análise das antologias imagistas de 1914-1917, além de obras dos seus alegados precursores; do exame dos principais textos teóricos que embasam a escola imagista; da pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema; e da seleção e tradução dos textos antologizados / Abstract: The objective of the work is to introduce into Brazilian academic scope a discussion on the first English literary avant-garde movement in XX century, Imagism, and also to bring a number of poems by British and North American authors related to that movement still unreleased or little promoted in Brazil before the public, by means of a bilingual anthology. Imagism is acknowledged as a pioneer in creating and promoting new literary forms in English and North American poetry, included some of the main English literature authors of the period, such as Ezra Pound, T. E. Hulme, Hilda Doolittle, Amy Lowell, D. H. Lawrence, William Carlos Williams, Ford Madox Ford, among others, and influenced several modernist poets, being thus essential to understand the formation and development of modernism in the USA and United Kingdom. The study was performed by reading and analyzing Imagist anthologies dated of 1914-1917, besides some works by their alleged precursors; by analyzing the main theoretical founding texts of imagist school; by means of bibliographical research on the theme and selection and translation of anthologized texts / Mestrado / Teoria e Critica Literaria / Mestre em Teoria e História Literária

Critics often credit Ezra Pound and his Imagist movement for the development of American poetics. Pound’s interest in international arts and minimalist aesthetics of cross-cultural poetry gained the attention of prominent writers throughout Modernist and Post-Modern periods. From writers like Wallace Stevens and Gertrude Stein to later poets like Jack Kerouac and Gary Snyder, image and precise language has shaped American literature. Few critics have praised Eastern cultures or the Imagist poets who adopted an East-Western form of poetics: Amy Lowell and William Carlos Williams. Studying traditional Eastern painting and short-form poetry and interactions with personal connections to the East, Lowell and Williams adapt then progress aesthetic fusions Pound began and abandoned through his interpretation of Eastern art. Like Pound, Lowell and Williams illustrate a mix of form, free-verse language, and modernized poetics to not only imitate Eastern art but to create poetics of international discourse which shape American Modernism.

No description available.

O poema icônico de T. S. Eliot The Waste Land, publicado em 1922, é indiscutivelmente o texto principal de poesia moderna em inglês. Eliot residia em Londres no momento da sua composição, e embora o poema contenha numerosas citações literárias e culturais, The Waste Land não é considerado como tendo sido influenciado por nenhum dos poetas ingleses que foram contemporâneos de Eliot. Pelo contrário, o poema é tido como um afastamento radical e uma reação contra, a poesia inglesa escrita antes e durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-1918). Neste artigo, eu argumento que The Waste Land contém ecos da obra dos poetas ingleses Harold Monro e Herbert Read, ambos os quais conheciam Eliot bem. Olhando retrospectivamente a partir de 1922, tendo The Waste Land como meu texto modernista base e ponto de partida crítico, eu conduzo uma reavaliação da cena poética inglesa do período 1910- 1922, a partir dos Georgian Poets do pré-guerra até o aparecimento, no pós-guerra, da obraprima de Eliot. Ambos Monro e Read foram influenciados pelo movimento radical 'Imagism' de Ezra Pound, que formou um elemento central na cena da poesia progressiva de Londres nos anos que antecederam a guerra. Portanto, utilizo ambos The Waste Land e os experimentos 'Imagist' de Pound como modelos de prática modernista através dos quais comparar e contrastar a obra dos Georgian Poets (especificamente Wilfrid Gibson), a poesia produzida durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial, e a obra de Monro e Read. Os princípios orientadores da minha abordagem analítica são dois: em termos de prática poética, eu avalio o trabalho de Eliot e seus contemporâneos, comparando as suas abordagens quanto à forma, a fim de demonstrar como a forma poética não apenas define o conteúdo, mas também revela mudanças nos valores culturais. Em segundo lugar, minha abordagem teórica é baseada nos conceitos mutantes da função estética da poesia, buscando demonstrar como valores estéticos estão historicamente relacionados a, e determinam, a produção e a recepção da poesia, expondo como os experimentos modernistas de Eliot e Pound estão historicamente relacionados com princípios estéticos românticos. / T. S. Eliot’s iconic poem The Waste Land, published in 1922, is indisputably the key Modernist poetry text in English. Eliot was living in London at the time of its composition, and although the poem contains numerous literary references, The Waste Land is not thought to have been influenced by the poetry of Eliot’s English contemporaries. On the contrary, the poem is regarded as a radical departure from, and reaction against, the English poetry being written before and throughout the Great War (1914-1918). In this paper, I argue that The Waste Land contains echoes of the work of English poets Harold Monro and Herbert Read, both of whom knew Eliot well. Looking back retrospectively from 1922, with The Waste Land as my exemplary Modernist text and critical starting point, I carry out a reassessment of the English poetry scene from 1910 to 1922, from the pre-war Georgians to the post-war appearance of Eliot’s masterpiece. Both Monro and Read were influenced by Ezra Pound’s radical ‘Imagism’ movement, which formed a central plank in the progressive London poetry scene in the years leading up to the war. I therefore employ both The Waste Land and Pound’s ‘Imagist’ experiments as models of Modernist practice by which to compare and contrast the work of the Georgians (particularly Wilfrid Gibson), the poetry produced during the Great War, and the work of Monro and Read. The guiding principles of my analytical approach are twofold: firstly, in terms of poetic practice, I evaluate the work of Eliot and his contemporaries by comparing their approaches to form, assessing how poetic technique both defines content and offers insight into shifts in cultural values; secondly, my theoretical approach is based on changing concepts of the aesthetic function of poetry, revealing how aesthetic values are historically relative to, and determine, the production and reception of poetry, ultimately exposing how Eliot and Pound’s Modernist experiments are historically related to Romantic aesthetic principles.

O poema icônico de T. S. Eliot The Waste Land, publicado em 1922, é indiscutivelmente o texto principal de poesia moderna em inglês. Eliot residia em Londres no momento da sua composição, e embora o poema contenha numerosas citações literárias e culturais, The Waste Land não é considerado como tendo sido influenciado por nenhum dos poetas ingleses que foram contemporâneos de Eliot. Pelo contrário, o poema é tido como um afastamento radical e uma reação contra, a poesia inglesa escrita antes e durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-1918). Neste artigo, eu argumento que The Waste Land contém ecos da obra dos poetas ingleses Harold Monro e Herbert Read, ambos os quais conheciam Eliot bem. Olhando retrospectivamente a partir de 1922, tendo The Waste Land como meu texto modernista base e ponto de partida crítico, eu conduzo uma reavaliação da cena poética inglesa do período 1910- 1922, a partir dos Georgian Poets do pré-guerra até o aparecimento, no pós-guerra, da obraprima de Eliot. Ambos Monro e Read foram influenciados pelo movimento radical 'Imagism' de Ezra Pound, que formou um elemento central na cena da poesia progressiva de Londres nos anos que antecederam a guerra. Portanto, utilizo ambos The Waste Land e os experimentos 'Imagist' de Pound como modelos de prática modernista através dos quais comparar e contrastar a obra dos Georgian Poets (especificamente Wilfrid Gibson), a poesia produzida durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial, e a obra de Monro e Read. Os princípios orientadores da minha abordagem analítica são dois: em termos de prática poética, eu avalio o trabalho de Eliot e seus contemporâneos, comparando as suas abordagens quanto à forma, a fim de demonstrar como a forma poética não apenas define o conteúdo, mas também revela mudanças nos valores culturais. Em segundo lugar, minha abordagem teórica é baseada nos conceitos mutantes da função estética da poesia, buscando demonstrar como valores estéticos estão historicamente relacionados a, e determinam, a produção e a recepção da poesia, expondo como os experimentos modernistas de Eliot e Pound estão historicamente relacionados com princípios estéticos românticos. / T. S. Eliot’s iconic poem The Waste Land, published in 1922, is indisputably the key Modernist poetry text in English. Eliot was living in London at the time of its composition, and although the poem contains numerous literary references, The Waste Land is not thought to have been influenced by the poetry of Eliot’s English contemporaries. On the contrary, the poem is regarded as a radical departure from, and reaction against, the English poetry being written before and throughout the Great War (1914-1918). In this paper, I argue that The Waste Land contains echoes of the work of English poets Harold Monro and Herbert Read, both of whom knew Eliot well. Looking back retrospectively from 1922, with The Waste Land as my exemplary Modernist text and critical starting point, I carry out a reassessment of the English poetry scene from 1910 to 1922, from the pre-war Georgians to the post-war appearance of Eliot’s masterpiece. Both Monro and Read were influenced by Ezra Pound’s radical ‘Imagism’ movement, which formed a central plank in the progressive London poetry scene in the years leading up to the war. I therefore employ both The Waste Land and Pound’s ‘Imagist’ experiments as models of Modernist practice by which to compare and contrast the work of the Georgians (particularly Wilfrid Gibson), the poetry produced during the Great War, and the work of Monro and Read. The guiding principles of my analytical approach are twofold: firstly, in terms of poetic practice, I evaluate the work of Eliot and his contemporaries by comparing their approaches to form, assessing how poetic technique both defines content and offers insight into shifts in cultural values; secondly, my theoretical approach is based on changing concepts of the aesthetic function of poetry, revealing how aesthetic values are historically relative to, and determine, the production and reception of poetry, ultimately exposing how Eliot and Pound’s Modernist experiments are historically related to Romantic aesthetic principles.

O poema icônico de T. S. Eliot The Waste Land, publicado em 1922, é indiscutivelmente o texto principal de poesia moderna em inglês. Eliot residia em Londres no momento da sua composição, e embora o poema contenha numerosas citações literárias e culturais, The Waste Land não é considerado como tendo sido influenciado por nenhum dos poetas ingleses que foram contemporâneos de Eliot. Pelo contrário, o poema é tido como um afastamento radical e uma reação contra, a poesia inglesa escrita antes e durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial (1914-1918). Neste artigo, eu argumento que The Waste Land contém ecos da obra dos poetas ingleses Harold Monro e Herbert Read, ambos os quais conheciam Eliot bem. Olhando retrospectivamente a partir de 1922, tendo The Waste Land como meu texto modernista base e ponto de partida crítico, eu conduzo uma reavaliação da cena poética inglesa do período 1910- 1922, a partir dos Georgian Poets do pré-guerra até o aparecimento, no pós-guerra, da obraprima de Eliot. Ambos Monro e Read foram influenciados pelo movimento radical 'Imagism' de Ezra Pound, que formou um elemento central na cena da poesia progressiva de Londres nos anos que antecederam a guerra. Portanto, utilizo ambos The Waste Land e os experimentos 'Imagist' de Pound como modelos de prática modernista através dos quais comparar e contrastar a obra dos Georgian Poets (especificamente Wilfrid Gibson), a poesia produzida durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial, e a obra de Monro e Read. Os princípios orientadores da minha abordagem analítica são dois: em termos de prática poética, eu avalio o trabalho de Eliot e seus contemporâneos, comparando as suas abordagens quanto à forma, a fim de demonstrar como a forma poética não apenas define o conteúdo, mas também revela mudanças nos valores culturais. Em segundo lugar, minha abordagem teórica é baseada nos conceitos mutantes da função estética da poesia, buscando demonstrar como valores estéticos estão historicamente relacionados a, e determinam, a produção e a recepção da poesia, expondo como os experimentos modernistas de Eliot e Pound estão historicamente relacionados com princípios estéticos românticos. / T. S. Eliot’s iconic poem The Waste Land, published in 1922, is indisputably the key Modernist poetry text in English. Eliot was living in London at the time of its composition, and although the poem contains numerous literary references, The Waste Land is not thought to have been influenced by the poetry of Eliot’s English contemporaries. On the contrary, the poem is regarded as a radical departure from, and reaction against, the English poetry being written before and throughout the Great War (1914-1918). In this paper, I argue that The Waste Land contains echoes of the work of English poets Harold Monro and Herbert Read, both of whom knew Eliot well. Looking back retrospectively from 1922, with The Waste Land as my exemplary Modernist text and critical starting point, I carry out a reassessment of the English poetry scene from 1910 to 1922, from the pre-war Georgians to the post-war appearance of Eliot’s masterpiece. Both Monro and Read were influenced by Ezra Pound’s radical ‘Imagism’ movement, which formed a central plank in the progressive London poetry scene in the years leading up to the war. I therefore employ both The Waste Land and Pound’s ‘Imagist’ experiments as models of Modernist practice by which to compare and contrast the work of the Georgians (particularly Wilfrid Gibson), the poetry produced during the Great War, and the work of Monro and Read. The guiding principles of my analytical approach are twofold: firstly, in terms of poetic practice, I evaluate the work of Eliot and his contemporaries by comparing their approaches to form, assessing how poetic technique both defines content and offers insight into shifts in cultural values; secondly, my theoretical approach is based on changing concepts of the aesthetic function of poetry, revealing how aesthetic values are historically relative to, and determine, the production and reception of poetry, ultimately exposing how Eliot and Pound’s Modernist experiments are historically related to Romantic aesthetic principles.