Thesis (M.Ph.)--Georgia State University, 2008. / Title from file title page. Richard Rothenberg, committee chair; Russ Toal, Karen E. Gieseker, committee members. Electronic text (135 p. : col. ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed August 12, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-135).

Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan.

Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, Faculty of Medicine, / Typescript. Bibliography: leaves 83-89.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1947. / Typescript (carbon copy). eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-145).

abstract: African Swine Fever (ASF), endemic in many African countries, is now spreading to other continents. Though ASF is capable of incurring serious economic losses in affected countries, no vaccine exists to provide immunity to animals. Disease control relies largely on rapid diagnosis and the implementation of movement restrictions and strict eradication programs. Developing a scalable, accurate and low cost diagnostic for ASF will be of great help for the current situation. CIM's 10K random peptide microarray is a new high-throughput platform that allows systematic investigations of immune responses associated with disease and shows promise as a diagnostic tool. In this study, this new technology was applied to characterize the immune responses of ASF virus (ASFV) infections and immunizations. Six sets of sera from ASFV antigen immunized pigs, 6 sera from infected pigs and 20 sera samples from unexposed pigs were tested and analyzed statistically. Results show that both ASFV antigen immunized pigs and ASFV viral infected pigs can be distinguished from unexposed pigs. Since it appears that immune responses to other viral infections are also distinguishable on this platform, it holds the potential of being useful in developing a new ASF diagnostic. The ability of this platform to identify specific ASFV antibody epitopes was also explored. A subtle motif was found to be shared among a set of peptides displaying the highest reactivity for an antigen specific antibody. However, this motif does not seem to match with any antibody epitopes predicted by a linear antibody epitope prediction. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Biological Design 2011

Made available in DSpace on 2012-05-07T14:48:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 000042.pdf: 10539683 bytes, checksum: ec9117c60b114e25414559e13e373a07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / A dissertação tem por objetivo apresentar as medidas para controle e erradicação da bouba ocorridas no Brasil no período entre 1956 e 1961. O Programa de Erradicação da bouba -com seu método de injeções únicas de penicilina - percorreu em campanha itinerante os estados do nordeste e de Minas Gerais em seus primeiros cinco anos. Durante as atividades da campanha nas principais áreas endêmicas do país emergiram também outras questões relacionadas à alimentação, pobreza e condições de vida das populações do interior. O trabalho ressalta como uma campanha para a erradicação de uma endemia rural estruturada em torno de uma bala mágica, a penicilina injetável, se defrontou com os quadros de fome e desnutrição no interior do país, problemas que, a princípio, estavam fora de suas atribuições.

abstract: Background: This study examines how pro-vaccine flu messages, guided by the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), affect parents’ intentions to vaccinate their children. Methods: Parents of children six months to five years old (N = 975) were randomly exposed to one of four high-threat/high-efficacy messages (narrative, statistical, combined, control) and completed a follow-up survey. Differences between message conditions were assessed with one-way ANOVAs, and binary logistic regressions were used to show how constructs predicted intentions. Results: There were no significant differences in the ANOVA results at p = .05 for EPPM variables or risk EPPM variables. There was a significant difference between message conditions for perceived manipulation (p = 0.026), authority, (p = 0.024), character (p = 0.037), attention (p < .000), and emotion (p < .000). The EPPM model and perceptions of message model (positively), and the risk EPPM model and fear control model (negatively), predicted intentions to vaccinate. Significant predictor variables in each model at p < .05 were severity (aOR = 1.83), response efficacy (aOR = 4.33), risk susceptibility (aOR = 0.53), risk fear (aOR = 0.74), issue derogation (aOR = 0.63), perceived manipulation (aOR = 0.64), character (aOR = 2.00), and personal relevance (aOR = 1.88). In a multivariate model of the significant predictors, only response efficacy significantly predicted intentions to vaccinate (aOR = 3.43). Compared to the control, none of the experimental messages significantly predicted intentions to vaccinate. The narrative and combined conditions significantly predicted intentions to search online (aOR = 2.37), and the combined condition significantly predicted intentions to talk to family/friends (aOR = 2.66). Conclusions: The EPPM may not be effective in context of a two-way threat. Additional constructs that may be useful in the EPPM model are perceptions of the message and fear control variables. One-shot flu vaccine messages will be unlikely to directly influence vaccination rates; however they may increase information-seeking behavior. The impact of seeking more information on vaccination uptake requires further research. Flu vaccine messages should be presented in combined form. Future studies should focus on strategies to increase perceptions of the effectiveness of the flu vaccine. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Public Health 2015

emezones@gmail.com / Introduction: Pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) has a high burden of morbimortality in children. Use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) is an effective preventive measure. After PCV 7-valent (PCV7) withdrawal, PCV 10-valent (PCV10) and PCV 13-valent (PCV13) are the alternatives in Peru. This study aimed to evaluate cost effectiveness of these vaccines in preventing PP in Peruvian children <5 yearsold. Methodology: A cost-effectiveness analysis was developed in three phases: a systematic evidence search for calculating effectiveness; a cost analysis for vaccine strategies and outcome management; and an economic model based on decision tree analysis, including deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis using acceptability curves, tornado diagram, and Monte Carlo simulation. A hypothetic 100 vaccinated children/vaccine cohort was built. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated. Results: The isolation probability for all serotypes in each vaccine was estimated: 38% for PCV7, 41% PCV10, and 17% PCV13. Avoided hospitalization was found to be the best effectiveness model measure. Estimated costs for PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13 cohorts were USD13,761, 11,895, and 12,499, respectively. Costs per avoided hospitalization were USD718 for PCV7, USD333 for PCV10, andUSD 162 for PCV13. At ICER, PCV7 was dominated by the other PCVs. Eliminating PCV7, PCV13 was more cost effective than PCV10 (confirmed in sensitivity analysis). Conclusions: PCV10 and PCV13 are more cost effective than PCV7 in prevention of pneumonia in children <5 years-old in Peru. PCV13 prevents more hospitalizations and is more cost-effective than PCV10. These results should be considered when making decisions about the Peruvian National Inmunizations Schedule. / This study was funded by Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Peru / Revisión pór pares

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-11-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:57:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 furlan_bn_me_jabo.pdf: 897898 bytes, checksum: 0afdcf0092ae63fb6d940df6e256a3d4 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A imunização dos hospedeiros contra carrapatos tem sido considerada como uma alternativa promissora. Vacinas contendo o antígeno Bm86 (Gavac®, TickGard®) foram desenvolvidas originalmente para controlar infestações de Rhipicephalus Boophilus microplus. Como recentes estudos filogenéticos mostraram que o gênero Rhipicephalus inclui todas as cinco espécies de Boophilus, o papel protetor do antígeno Bm86 em cães imunizados e desafiados com carrapatos Rhipicephalus sanguineus foi testado previamente neste laboratório. Dando continuidade, o presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever o componente celular inflamatório no local de fixação do carrapato em cães imunizados com o antígeno Bm86 e desafiados com carrapatos adultos R. sanguineus. Para tanto, cães SRD (n=8), foram distribuídos em dois grupos (não vacinado e vacinado) e receberam duas doses de 50 g do antígeno Bm86 (Hebercan®) ou placebo, com 21 dias de intervalo. Cada animal foi desafiado com 55 carrapatos adultos 15 dias após a última dose e biopsias da lesão de fixação dos carrapatos foram coletadas as 48, 96, 144 e 192 horas após sua fixação. Os fragmentos foram então processados histologicamente e as secções coradas com hematoxilina-eosina e Giemsa. Nos animais vacinados predominaram neutrófilos, eosinófilos e mastócitos na 48ª hora PF, enquanto que nos não vacinados houve predomínio de eosinófilos, neutrófilos e linfócitos. Com o decorrer da infestação, observou-se um infiltrado celular mais intenso a partir de 96h PF, atingindo as camadas mais profundas da derme, sendo composto principalmente por neutrófilos e linfócitos nos vacinados, e eosinófilos, linfócitos e neutrófilos nos não vacinados. Concluiu-se que o antígeno Bm86 administrado em cães interfere na resposta inflamatória induzida por R. sanguineus / Immunization of hosts against ticks has long been considered as a promising alternative. Vaccines containing the Bm86 antigen (e.g. Gavac®, Heber-Biotec, Cuba) have been developed to control Rhipicephalus Boophilus microplus infestations. As recent molecular phylogeny studies showed that the Rhipicephalus genus includes all five Boophilus species, the protector role of Bm86 antigen in immunized dogs challenged with adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus was investigated first at this lab. This study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory cells at the attachment site of ticks in dogs immunized by the Bm86 antigen against infestations of adults of Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. Mongrel dogs (n=8), were divided into two groups (non-vaccinated and vaccinated). It was given twice 50 g of Bm86 antigen (Gavac®, Heber-Biotec, Cuba) or placebo, at 21 days interval. Each animal was challenged with 55 adult ticks 15 days after the last dose. Biopsies of tick feeding lesions taken 48, 96, 144 e 192 hours post-attachment (PA) were processed through routine histology and sections 4μm thickness stained with H.E. and Giemsa for general features and cell counts, respectively. There was an inflamed dermis including an inflammatory cell infiltrate constituted overwhelmingly by neutrophils, eosinophils and mast cells in vaccinated dogs at first and eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes in non-vaccinated hosts. After 96h PA, a dense and diffuse cell infiltrate reached into deep dermis, constituted overwhelmingly by neutrophils and lymphocytes in vaccinated dogs and eosinophils, lymphocytes and neutrophils in non-vaccinated dogs. It’s been concluded that antigen Bm86 administered to dogs interferes on the Rhipicephalus sanguineus induced inflammatory cell influx