Commercial microbial milk clotting enzyme preparations were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography using purified antibody covalently coupled to porous glass beads as the column matrix. Commercial enzyme preparation diluted in 1 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 5.0 was then biospecifically adsorbed to the column matrix by end-over-end mixing of the glass-antibody complex in the enzyme solution for 12 h at 5°C. The antibody bound enzyme adsorbed glass beads were soaked in .2 M glycine or ethanolarnine at pH 7.0 to block uncoupled reactive sites on the matrix. Following this, the column was washed with 1 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 7 .0, followed by additional wash with .5 M NaCl, until absorbance at 280 nm returned to baseline. Elution of adsorbed enzyme was achieved with .2 M sodium acetate at pH 3.0, .2 M acetate at pH 3.5, containing .15 M NaCl and .5 M acetate at pH 4.0 containing .5 M NaCL At the same protein concentration, immunoaffinity chromatography purified enzymes had higher clotting activity than the commercial enzyme preparations. Amino acid analysis and OPA proteolysis tests of TCA soluble peptides liberated from casein hydrolysis showed purified enzymes to exhibit lower general proteolytic activity. Immunological reactivity of Mucor enzymes with calf rennet was determined with antibodies produced by intramuscular injections of Mucor miehei protease, Mucor pusillus protease and calf rennet emulsified in Freund's adjuvant into three New Zealand White rabbits . Harvested antisera were heated at 56°C for 30 min to inactivate complement factors and contaminating proteins then centrifuged at 1700 x g for 30 min. Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion method was used to test for presence of antibodies in the antisera, and for cross immunoreactivity. Antibodies against M. miehei were cross reactive with M. pusillus antigen and M. pusillus antibodies cross reacted with M. miehei antigen. Immunodiffusion assay did not show cross reactivity of calf rennet antibodies with either M. miehei antigen or M. pusillus antigen. Antibodies against the Mucor enzymes did not show cross reactivity with calf rennet antigen. Although their actions in milk differ, proteolytic enzyme preparations from M. miehei and M. pusillus are both used as calf rennet substitutes in cheese manufacture. Differences in the characteristics of the two Mucor enzyme preparations exist, even though they exhibit some immunological homology . From our results, at least one antigenic factor is common to both enzyme preparations.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-12-15T16:53:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luiz Augusto Pereira - 2004.pdf: 6566857 bytes, checksum: 144c5557e8a138c6a21c528ad0262aa8 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2014-12-15T17:01:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luiz Augusto Pereira - 2004.pdf: 6566857 bytes, checksum: 144c5557e8a138c6a21c528ad0262aa8 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-15T17:01:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luiz Augusto Pereira - 2004.pdf: 6566857 bytes, checksum: 144c5557e8a138c6a21c528ad0262aa8 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-05-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / An antigen of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) was gel isolated and characterized. Endoproteinase Lys-C digested peptides of the purified protein which presented, molecular mass of 29-kDa and pI of 5.8, were subjected to sequence analysis of its amino acids. Search at databases comparing the sequence of amino acids from the three peptides of the native protein, revealed strong homology to triosephosphate isomerase (TPI: E.C. 5.3.1.1) from several sources. The complete cDNA and gene encoding PbTPI were obtained and both contained an open reading frame predicted to encode a 249 amino acid protein that presented all the peptides characterized in the native PbTPI. The Pbtpi gene contained 6 exons interrupted by 5 introns. Analysis performed with the deduced PbTPI suggested its usefulness in providing phylogenetic relatedness, as well as evidenced the correlation between the phylogeny provided by the deduced proteins and introns positions in the cognate genes. The immunological reactivity of PbTPI was examined. The complete coding cDNA of PbTPI was over expressed in an Escherichia coli host to produce high levels of recombinant fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST) that has been purified by affinity chromatography. The purified recombinant TPI was recognized by sera of patients with confirmed Paracoccidioidomycosis and not by sera of healthy individuals. Thus, recombinant PbTPI can be a valuable addition to the still small arsenal of P. brasiliensis immunoreactive proteins, which could be tested for incorporation in assays for serodiagnosis of the disease. / Um antígeno de Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) foi isolado do gel e caracterizado. Os peptídeos digeridos por Endoproteinase Lys-C da proteína purificada, que apresentou uma massa molecular de 29-kDA e pI de 5.8, foram submetidos à análise da seqüência de aminoácidos. Uma busca em bancos de dados de seqüências de aminoácidos comparados com os três peptídeos da proteína nativa revelou forte homologia com triose fosfato isomerase (TPI: E.C. 5.3.1.1) de vários organismos. O cDNA e o gene completos que codificam para PbTPI foram obtidos, e ambos contém uma provável ORF que codifica para uma proteína com 249 aminoácidos que apresenta todos os peptídeos caracterizados na PbTPI nativa. O gene Pbtpi apresentou 6 exons interrompidos por 5 introns. Análises realizadas com a PbTPI deduzida sugerem sua utilidade em prover relações filogenéticas, como também evidenciou a correlação entre a filogenia gerada pelas proteínas deduzidas e as posições dos introns nos genes cognatos. A reatividade imunológica da PbTPI foi examinada. O cDNA completo que codifica para PbTPI foi altamente expresso no hospedeiro Escherichia coli, produzindo altos níveis de uma proteína recombinante fundida a glutathione S-transferase (GST), que foi purificada por cromatografia de afinidade. A TPI recombinante purificada foi reconhecida por soros de pacientes com paracoccidioidomicose confirmada e não por soros de indivíduos saudáveis. Assim, PbTPI recombinante pode ser uma adição valiosa para o pequeno arsenal de proteínas imunoreativas de P. brasiliensis, que poderiam ser testadas por incorporação em ensaios de sorodiagnóstico da doença.