The purpose of my thesis is to study what factors affect the adoption of impact fees in Texas and what effects impact fees have on city budgets. This research was done using two models. The first model looked at the adoption of impact fees as the dependent variable and the second model looked at the total impact fee assed on new residential units as the dependent variable. Both models used the gross tax rate, debt per capita, change in city population as a percentage, city population, average price of a new home in 2007, number of building permits issued in 2007, and the average household income as independent variables. The most significant independent variable found for the assessment of impact fees is change in population as a percentage. The total impact fee charged per city was driven by several factors. These included change in population as a percentage, population, and gross tax rate.

This study has presented a comprehensive overview of the effective use of development impact fees in Indiana. After examining four communities currently using park impact fees, it was determined that these communities had been successful in shifting a portion of the burden of capital improvements required by new development from the public sector to the developers themselves. From these results, it was determined that the use of development impact fees is indeed a worthwhile endeavor in Indiana. Also, a decision tree was devised to aid community officials in deciding whether or not impact fees are appropriate for their community. / Department of Urban Planning

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: Keith Ihlanfeldt, Florida State University, College of Social Sciences, Dept. of Economics. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 24, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains x, 158 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2003. / Advisor: Dr. Keith R. Ihlanfeldt, Florida State University, College of Social Sciences, Dept. of Economics. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Aug. 23, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Dr. Richard C. Feiock, Florida State University, College of Social Sciences, Dept. of Public Administration and Policy. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 27, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

From the viewpoint of land economics, any change in land use manner will require new public facilities added to the area under development and bear external impact on the area. The merit of the fundamental principle to remove, through levying rezoning on land use, the external effects brought on by alterations in development should be recognized. However, because the levy of rezoning on land utilization involves people¡¦s rights and obligations, the proper execution of this system has a considerable impact on people¡¦s privilege. The current rezoning system on land utilization implemented in Taiwan has been in practice for many years; it is also widely criticized. Concerns over such subjects as ambiguous definition and nature of rezoning, lack of legal status for the levy of rezoning, lack of standard for the calculation of rezoning amounts are usually raised. Therefore, the government must work to try to establish a complete, reasonable rezoning system on land utilization. The author conducted the research by examining the system of impact fees and linkage fees implemented in the United States, the planning obligations system implemented in Britain, and the development charge system implemented in Singapore and examining their experience, and reviewing the relevant laws and concerns with regard to the current rezoning on land utilization in Taiwan. Moreover, after analyzing and describing the policy trend of the government¡¦s effort to establish the land development obligations system, the author tried to understand, through case study, questionnaire inquiry and interview methods, the opinion of scholars and experts, land and estate developers, government offices, and local residents, and then based on this understanding, tried to formulate a framework that would be appropriate for the rezoning system on land utilization in Taiwan. The study maintains that in implementing the rezoning system on land utilization, the most important principle is to respect the market function and endow the levy of rezoning with legal status. Then in conformity with this principle, complete and reasonable measures concerning the rezoning system on land utilization are to be constructed. This study suggests that, in a short period of time, the statute that governs the levy of rezoning, to name one ¡V Urban Planning law, be revised so that the rezoning system can gain legal ground and be implemented legally. At the same time, the negotiating mechanism for development permit should be strengthened so that the external cost influenced by development can be effectively included as the content for negotiation. For the long term, the central authority in charge should integrate the separate regulations on rezoning that belong to various offices in charge so as to establish a reasonable rezoning system on land utilization that conforms to the market function and to give this system a legal status. This status should be the basis for the implementation of this system. The applicant for alterations in land utilization should be the subject for the levy, and the levy should be executed in the form of cash donation, land donation and construction of public facilities. The government administration should be considered. For the levy amounts, calculation equations can be established as part of this system, and the concerned local government and the owner should negotiate to figure out the upper and lower limits of the estimated amount. The time to levy should be decided separately from the levy method, but they should match. With regard to the use, management and maintenance of rezoning items, the concerned local government should, according to the characteristics of rezoning items, establish accounts and authorities for special funds. These special funds should be only appropriated for improving, constructing, and managing the public facilities that have been influenced by alterations in land utilization. This perfect rezoning system on land utilization should enable the government, developer, and local residents to share land resources and harvest the plentiful fruit of perennial development.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2004. / UMI no. 3156225 - authorized facsimile from the master copy of the original, available from ProQuest/UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, MI. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the internet.

This article examines whether the use of impact fees and special assessments affect the level of capital spending and two major own source revenues of local capital spending (taxes and long-term debt) by analyzing a panel of 695 American cities with populations over 20,000 during the time period of 1980-2000. Since impact fees and special assessments are heavily used in a growing community and because it covers less than half the costs of new development, the findings demonstrate that the private financing of public infrastructure (impact fees and special assessments) increases the level of local capital spending. It also leads to an increase in the level of long-term debt use. Although it provides partial tax relief, it is not a strong substitute for taxes. Thus, impact fees and special assessments are not a substitute for local capital spending. It is rather a supplemental revenue source to fund local capital infrastructure.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-99).

Utveckling av infrastruktur är en förutsättning för att hantera, men också för att stimulera, urbanisering och stadsutveckling. År 2012 inleddes vad som kom att kallas stockholmsförhandlingen där staten, Stockholms läns landsting och fyra kommuner skulle besluta om finansiering av nya tunnelbanesträckningar samt bostadsbebyggelse i Stockholms län. Att genomföra stora infrastrukturprojekt är kostsamt och kräver omfattande finansiering och den första april 2017 öppnades nya möjligheter upp för finansiering av sådana projekt. Denna nya möjlighet innebär att kommuner kan ålägga exploatörer att medfinansiera en del av kommunens kostnader för investeringar i transportinfrastruktur, så kallad medfinansieringsersättning. Den nya medfinansieringsersättningen är i sin tur ett verktyg för så kallad värdeåterföring. Under antagandet att infrastruktur ger upphov till stora värdeökningar i närliggande fastigheter används värdeåterföring för att den som har nytta av infrastruktur ska finansiera densamma. Internationellt har värdeåterföring sedan länge använts för att finansiera infrastruktur och således finns det en mängd olika metoder för hur det ska gå till. Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att, med utgångspunkt i hur värdeåterföring implementeras vid utbyggnaden av tunnelbanan i Stockholm, jämföra olika metoder för värdeåterföring. Jämförelsen av tre olika metoder: Development Impact Fees, Tax Increment Financing och Special Assessments, har gjorts i form av fallstudier med utgångspunkt i faktorer så som möjlighet till applicering på svenska förhållanden, grad av värdeåterföring och deltagandegrad. Fallstudier tillsammans med teori om markvärden visar att värdeåterföring är en finansieringsmetod med stor potential att möjliggöra infrastrukturinvesteringar. Utgångspunkten är att en bra metod för värdeåterföring bör kännetecknas av att det värde som återförs står i relation till nyttan samt att deltagandegraden är hög. Det visar sig att samtliga studerade metoder har sina för- och nackdelar och att total rättvisa är svår att åstadkomma. Samtidigt visar det sig att den metod som i störst utsträckning anses uppfylla kriterierna för vad som är en bra metod för värdeåterföring inte lämpar sig bäst i Sverige givet rådande förhållanden. Att Sverige har regioner med olika förutsättningar, framförallt skillnader i markvärden, har bidragit till slutsatsen att ett strikt rikstäckande ramverk kan vara kontraproduktivt i syftet att utnyttja värdeåterföringens fulla potential. / Development of infrastructure is fundamental to manage, but also to stimulate urbanization and development of cities. In 2012, an agreement called stockholmsförhandlingen, was made where the state, Stockholm County Council and four municipalities were to decide how a new subway should be financed and how the supply of housing in the Stockholm region were to be solved. It is not a new finding that infrastructure projects require large investments but in April 2017 a new possibility of financing these kinds of projects occurred. This opportunity makes it possible for municipalities to oblige developers to bear a part of the infrastructure costs. This new possibility is a tool for value capturing. With the assumption that infrastructure cause large increases in values of nearby properties, value capturing is used because property owners who benefit from the infrastructure should contribute to the cost of the investment.  Value capturing has been widely used internationally and therefore there are many ways to accomplish it. The purpose of this thesis is, with starting point in the financing of the new subway in Stockholm, to compare different methods for value capturing. The comparison of the three methods; Development Impact Fees, Tax increment Financing and Special Assessments has been made using case studies to acknowledge the possibilities of implementing each method in current Swedish legislation and conditions.  The case studies, along with theory about property values shows that value capturing is a method of big potential to enable investments in infrastructure. The conclusion is also that a good method should be characterized by the fact that the value captured is in proper relation to the benefits received but also a high level of participation. It has been shown that all three methods have its advantages and disadvantages and that total justice is hard to accomplish. At the same time, it has been shown that the method best meeting these requirements perhaps isn’t the best method for implementation in Sweden. The fact that Sweden has regions with different attributes, especially large variations in property value has led to the conclusion that a strictly nationwide framework could turn out to be counterproductive in the purpose of utilizing the full potential of value capture.