Comparou-se a eficiência de quatro diferentes protocolos de tratamento de caninos superiores impactados empregados na Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru Universidade de São Paulo. Para tanto, foram eleitos 67 casos de pacientes tratados na Disciplina de Ortodontia selecionados de acordo com a abordagem terapêutica empregada, independente da classificação de má oclusão, sendo alocados em quatro grupos: Grupo 1, constituído de 14 pacientes tratados com aparelho fixo apenas, sem exodontia de nenhum dente superior; Grupo 2, constituído de 26 pacientes tratados aparelho fixo associados a exodontia de dois premolares superiores; Grupo 3, constituído de 12 pacientes tratados com aparelho fixo associado a expansão da maxila; Grupo 4, constituído de 15 pacientes tratados com aparelho fixo associados a expansão da maxila e exodontia de dois premolares superiores. Para a verificação do melhor resultado oclusal utilizou-se o índice PAR (Peer Assessment Rating) nos modelos de gesso iniciais e finais desses pacientes. O tempo dedicado ao tratamento foi calculado e levado em consideração na obtenção do resultado da eficiência do tratamento. Os resultados demonstraram que todos os protocolos de tratamentos se mostraram eficientes, com tempo de tratamento semelhantes, e que não houve diferença quanto aos protocolos de tratamento entre grupos estudados. / The aim was to compare the eficiency of four treatment protocols for maxillary impacted canines employed at Bauru Dental School University of São Paulo. The sample comprised 67 documentations provided from patients treated within Orthodontics clinics assigned in four different groups: Group 1, 14 patients treated with fixed appliance only; Group 2, 26 patients treated with fixed appliance and premolar extraction; Group 3, 12 patients treated with fixed appliance and maxilllary expansion; Group 4, 15 patients treated with fixed appliance associated with maxillary expansion and premolar extraction. All the model casts were evaluated by the means of PAR índex (Peer assessment rating). Treatment time was also evaluated. The results showed that all treatment protocols were efficient with simmilar treatment time and no difference efficiency among the groups.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-07-21T19:09:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CiceroAgostinho.pdf: 718364 bytes, checksum: 5b373c12916005349c74311789694b95 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T19:09:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CiceroAgostinho.pdf: 718364 bytes, checksum: 5b373c12916005349c74311789694b95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-31 / The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different concentrations (4 mg and 12 mg) of dexamethasone to control pain, swelling and trismus after third molar surgery inclusos. This clinical study was conducted with 16 adult patients of both sex, displaying mandibular third molar in the same position bilaterally, with an indication for surgical removal. Patients were treated with 4 mg or 12 mg of dexamethasone 1 hour before surgery on the first or second surgery. The choice of which side was operated first and which dose of dexamethasone would be taken first was performed randomly and double blind. The trismus was assessed by measuring the distance interincisal. Pain was assessed by the amount of tablets (paracetamol 750mg) taken after the surgery and the visual analogue pain scale (VAS). These data were obtained before surgery, 24 and 48 hours after surgery. Based on statistical analysis (Student's t test, Wilcoxon and Friedman), the results showed no differences in variables (swelling, pain and trismus) between the two doses of dexamethasone (4mg and 12mg). / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de duas concentrações diferentes (4mg e 12mg) de dexametasona no controle da dor, edema e trismo após a cirurgia de terceiros molares inferiores inclusos. Este estudo clínico foi realizado com 27 pacientes adultos, de ambos os sexos, que apresentavam terceiros molares inferiores inclusos na mesma posição bilateralmente, com indicação para remoção cirúrgica. Os pacientes foram medicados com 4mg ou 12mg de dexametasona uma hora antes do procedimento cirúrgico na primeira ou na segunda cirurgia. A escolha de qual lado foi operado primeiro e qual dose de dexametasona seria empregada inicialmente era realizada de forma randomizada e duplo-cega. O trismo foi avaliado pela medida da distância interincisal. A dor foi avaliada mediante a contagem da quantidade de comprimidos (paracetamol 750mg) ingerida após a cirurgia e da Escala Visual Analógica da dor (VAS). Esses dados foram obtidos antes da cirurgia, 24 horas e 48 horas depois do procedimento cirúrgico. Com base na análise estatística (teste t-student, Wilcoxon e Friedman), os resultados não mostraram diferença nas variáveis (edema, dor e trismo) entre as duas doses de dexametasona.

Diante da importância da avaliação radiográfica, foram estudadas as classificações de várias características dos terceiros molares, por meio de panorâmicas, sendo investigado suas possíveis correlações com o estado de impactação óssea. Informações referentes aos dentes foram coletadas em relação ao estado de impactação ou inclusão óssea (de acordo com a formação radicular), espaço disponível, posição do longo eixo, profundidade óssea, relações com o dente adjacente, com o seio maxilar e com o nervo alveolar inferior. Além disso, foram considerados as ausências de dentes no hemiarco, a presença de supranumerários, de outros dentes inclusos/impactados, o gênero e a idade do paciente. Ao total, foram analisadas 802 panorâmicas com 2687 terceiros molares, sendo o estado de impactação pesquisado em 2119 desses, nos quais foi possível identificar correlações do espaço inadequado e de algumas posições com a etiologia das impactações, principalmente nos dentes inferiores. As análises dos resultados revelaram que não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes das características do terceiros molares entre os gêneros e que a freqüência de impactação óssea diminuiu com o avanço da idade. Foi também observada boa concordância entre os dentes do mesmo arco do paciente, o que não ocorreu entre seus dentes do mesmo lado, nos quais os inferiores apresentaram tendência de impactação. As classificações estabelecidas mostraram-se satisfatórias e de relevante importância na avaliação dos terceiros molares, tanto para a determinação do seu tratamento como para o seu planejamento cirúrgico. / The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the panoramic radiographic features of third molar and to analyze the relationship between its classification with the state of bone impaction. The considered radiographic features were the status of impaction, the space for the third molar, the angulation of tooth, the level of depth, the development of root, the relation to the second molar, to the maxillary sinus and to the inferior alveolar nerve, and also others radiological characteristics. Moreover, the relationship between the state of impaction with gender, age and absence of teeth were studied, and either observations of supernumerary or any impacted teeth. 802 radiographs were evaluated with 2687 third molars, and the status of impaction was analyzed in 2119 teeth. It was observed a significant convergence between the upper or the lower tooth from the same patient but it was not significant between the sides. This study had demonstrated that the viable space and some teeth angulations had strong relationship with the etiology of impaction, mainly considering the lower teeth. The established classifications were accurate and showed be useful for the study and surgical planning of third molars.

HudBay Minerals (formerly the Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Co., Limited) has operated a Zn and Cu processing facility in Flin Flon, MB since the 1930’s. Located in the Boreal Shield, the area surrounding the mine complex has been severely impacted by both natural (forest fires) and the anthropogenic disturbance, which has adversely affected recovery of the local forest ecosystem. Zinc is one of the most prevalent smelter-derived metals in the soils and has been identified as a key factor limiting natural revegetation of the landscape. Because metal toxicity is related more to speciation than to total concentration, Zn speciation in soils from the impacted landscape was characterized using X-ray absorption fine structure, X-ray fluorescence mapping and µ-X-ray absorption near edge structure. Beginning with speciation at a micro-scale and transitioning to bulk speciation was able to determine Zn speciation and link it to two distinct landform characteristics: (1) soils stabilized by metal tolerant grass species—in which secondary adsorption species of Zn (i.e., sorbed to Mn and Si oxides, and as outer-sphere adsorbed Zn) were found to be more abundant; and (2) eroded, sparsely vegetated soils in mid to upper slope positions that were dominated almost entirely by smelter derived Zn minerals, specifically Franklinite (ZnFe2O4). The long-term effect of liming on pH and Zn speciation was examined using field sites limed by a community led organization over a ten year period. Upon liming to a pH of 4 to 4.5, the eroded, sparsely vegetated soils where found to form a Zn-Al-Hydroxy Interlayer Material (HIM) co-precipitate, reducing the phytotoxicity of both Zn and Al and allowed for boreal forest vegetation to recovery quickly in these areas. The grass stabilized soils experienced a steady pH increase, as compared to a sporadic pH increase in the heavily eroded soils, as the buffering capacity was overcome allowing for a transition between multiple adsorption species based upon the point of zero charge of reactive soil elements. Ultimately reaching a near neutral pH after ten years, this allowed for the formation of stable Zn-Al-layered double hydroxide (LDH) soil precipitates and significantly reduced concentrations of plant available Zn.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1979.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1979.

Diante da importância da avaliação radiográfica, foram estudadas as classificações de várias características dos terceiros molares, por meio de panorâmicas, sendo investigado suas possíveis correlações com o estado de impactação óssea. Informações referentes aos dentes foram coletadas em relação ao estado de impactação ou inclusão óssea (de acordo com a formação radicular), espaço disponível, posição do longo eixo, profundidade óssea, relações com o dente adjacente, com o seio maxilar e com o nervo alveolar inferior. Além disso, foram considerados as ausências de dentes no hemiarco, a presença de supranumerários, de outros dentes inclusos/impactados, o gênero e a idade do paciente. Ao total, foram analisadas 802 panorâmicas com 2687 terceiros molares, sendo o estado de impactação pesquisado em 2119 desses, nos quais foi possível identificar correlações do espaço inadequado e de algumas posições com a etiologia das impactações, principalmente nos dentes inferiores. As análises dos resultados revelaram que não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes das características do terceiros molares entre os gêneros e que a freqüência de impactação óssea diminuiu com o avanço da idade. Foi também observada boa concordância entre os dentes do mesmo arco do paciente, o que não ocorreu entre seus dentes do mesmo lado, nos quais os inferiores apresentaram tendência de impactação. As classificações estabelecidas mostraram-se satisfatórias e de relevante importância na avaliação dos terceiros molares, tanto para a determinação do seu tratamento como para o seu planejamento cirúrgico. / The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the panoramic radiographic features of third molar and to analyze the relationship between its classification with the state of bone impaction. The considered radiographic features were the status of impaction, the space for the third molar, the angulation of tooth, the level of depth, the development of root, the relation to the second molar, to the maxillary sinus and to the inferior alveolar nerve, and also others radiological characteristics. Moreover, the relationship between the state of impaction with gender, age and absence of teeth were studied, and either observations of supernumerary or any impacted teeth. 802 radiographs were evaluated with 2687 third molars, and the status of impaction was analyzed in 2119 teeth. It was observed a significant convergence between the upper or the lower tooth from the same patient but it was not significant between the sides. This study had demonstrated that the viable space and some teeth angulations had strong relationship with the etiology of impaction, mainly considering the lower teeth. The established classifications were accurate and showed be useful for the study and surgical planning of third molars.

Comparou-se a eficiência de quatro diferentes protocolos de tratamento de caninos superiores impactados empregados na Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru Universidade de São Paulo. Para tanto, foram eleitos 67 casos de pacientes tratados na Disciplina de Ortodontia selecionados de acordo com a abordagem terapêutica empregada, independente da classificação de má oclusão, sendo alocados em quatro grupos: Grupo 1, constituído de 14 pacientes tratados com aparelho fixo apenas, sem exodontia de nenhum dente superior; Grupo 2, constituído de 26 pacientes tratados aparelho fixo associados a exodontia de dois premolares superiores; Grupo 3, constituído de 12 pacientes tratados com aparelho fixo associado a expansão da maxila; Grupo 4, constituído de 15 pacientes tratados com aparelho fixo associados a expansão da maxila e exodontia de dois premolares superiores. Para a verificação do melhor resultado oclusal utilizou-se o índice PAR (Peer Assessment Rating) nos modelos de gesso iniciais e finais desses pacientes. O tempo dedicado ao tratamento foi calculado e levado em consideração na obtenção do resultado da eficiência do tratamento. Os resultados demonstraram que todos os protocolos de tratamentos se mostraram eficientes, com tempo de tratamento semelhantes, e que não houve diferença quanto aos protocolos de tratamento entre grupos estudados. / The aim was to compare the eficiency of four treatment protocols for maxillary impacted canines employed at Bauru Dental School University of São Paulo. The sample comprised 67 documentations provided from patients treated within Orthodontics clinics assigned in four different groups: Group 1, 14 patients treated with fixed appliance only; Group 2, 26 patients treated with fixed appliance and premolar extraction; Group 3, 12 patients treated with fixed appliance and maxilllary expansion; Group 4, 15 patients treated with fixed appliance associated with maxillary expansion and premolar extraction. All the model casts were evaluated by the means of PAR índex (Peer assessment rating). Treatment time was also evaluated. The results showed that all treatment protocols were efficient with simmilar treatment time and no difference efficiency among the groups.

The Coalfields of the Republic of South Africa (RSA) discharge approximately 360 Ml d-1 of mine impacted water, referred to as Acid Mine Drainage (AMD), requiring neutralization to reduce risk to the environment. High Density Sludge Process (HDSP) is commonly used to treat AMD, and neutralization is typically with either limestone (CaCO3) alone to save costs, or with limestone plus hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) to effectively reduce acidity and improve metal removal. This water either needs to be further treated to reduce metal content and salinity, or a potential option is to use it for irrigation. Since, it would be possible to lime a soil and irrigate directly with AMD as this would be potentially easy to manage than an HDS plant and save costs on the plant. The treatment process produces a circum-neutral mine water that requires further treatment with reverse osmosis to potable water. Suitability of these waters for irrigation can be evaluated with the Irrigation Water Quality Decision Support System (IWQDSS) for RSA. This study therefore evaluated the two specific mine impacted waters for irrigation. The treatment process also generates gypseous products, referred to as High Density Sludges (HDS), which may be classified as hazardous, based on metal (Mn, Ni, Pb) content, in which case expensive waste storage is required. However, these sludges may have some value for use in agriculture since they are gypseous. Four out of six sludges considered in this study were investigated for potential use in agriculture since their chemical characteristics depend on the quality of AMD and the treatment process. If hazardous, a potential approach was to add phosphate to them since this has been shown before to immobilize metals. The influence of phosphate on the availability of elements in sludges was therefore investigated. Hence, the objectives were to investigate; 1) the fitness for use of AMD and circum-neutral mine impacted waters for irrigation with IWQDSS, 2) chemical and physical properties of sludges, 3) hazardous status of sludges using the RSA waste classification system including those of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Australia, China and Canada, 4) phosphate potential in reducing the solubility of metals in sludges, 5) crop and soil response to sludges applied on their own as soil amendments and when co-applied with phosphate, 6) the influence of phosphate co-applied with sludges to the phyto-availability and uptake of Ni and Pb, including food safety. Assessment with IWQDSS showed that both waters were not fit for irrigation because of some quality issues. However, AMD can only be used if the soil can be limed and used as a reactor and further showed that there would be no leaf scorching. The circum-neutral mine water was found to be not effectively saline. Micro irrigation should not be considered for these waters due to suspended solids they contain. Four of the six sludges assessed for agricultural use included; a Ferriferrous Gypseous sludge (GypFeMnNi) with Fe, Mn and Ni from a limestone process, and three others generated from three stages of a limestone plus hydrated lime process; Ferriferrous Gypseous sludge with Mn (GypFeMn), Gypseous sludge with Brucite (GypB) and Gypseous sludge (Gyp) with Fe removed. Chemically, the sludges, GypFeMn, GypB and Gyp showed pH values of 8.2, 9.4 and 9.5, exhibiting CaCO3 equivalents (CCE) of 510, 601, 617 mg kg-1. The sludge, GypFeMnNi, had a pH of 5.5 and a CCE of 250 mg kg-1. All four sludges showed to be largely gypsum (72 – 95 %) composed. Physically, all sludges had particle sizes falling between 0.4 to 906 µm. These four sludges were further considered for hazardous assessment, including two sludges; GypFeNi and GypFe from a different limestone process. USEPA rated all six sludges non-hazardous, while Canada and China found GypFeNi as hazardous based on Ni solubility, Australia found GypFeMn as hazardous. RSA considered GypFeMnNi and GypFeNi hazardous, based on Ni and Mn solubility. Limestone was therefore less effective in reducing the solubility of Ni and Mn in the sludges than limestone plus hydrated lime. The sludges found hazardous (GypFeMnNi and GypFeMn) were then phosphated to reduce Mn and Ni solubility. Their solubility was reduced in both sludges. GypFeMnNi and Gyp, were further considered for use as soil amendments and selection was based on differences in the treatments that generates them. A pot trial was conducted where both were applied at 10 and 20 t ha-1 each to a soil with pH 3.75 and co-applied with phosphate at application rates of 40 and 100 kg ha-1. Maize (Zea mays) was planted and harvested at physiological maturity. Effect on soil showed that both sludges marginally increased pH, with Gyp at 20 t ha-1 and 100 kg ha-1 P increasing it the most by 0.46 units. This pH was still not suitable for plant growth. The sludge, Gyp increased soil salinity the most from 7.8 mS m-1 to 728 mS m-1, suitable only for salt tolerant crops. The effect on the maize showed that both sludges on their own marginally increased plant height and biomass, but co-application with phosphate increased these parameters. Grain was present only in treatments where phosphate was co-applied with either sludge. The highest grain yield was obtained when Gyp was applied at 20 t ha-1 with 100 kg ha-1 P. With food safety, Ni and Pb concentrations in the grain were below thresholds regarded as toxic. It is suggested that irrigation with AMD may be possible on condition that the soil is limed and used as treatment reactor to prevent the reduction of soil pH. Also, micro irrigation systems are to be avoided when irrigating with AMD and circum-neutral mine impacted waters because they contain suspended solids that can clog them. Irrigation should be with an appropriate leaching fraction to reduce accumulation of salts in the soil profile. It can also be concluded that two of the sludges from a limestone only HDSP were found to be hazardous by the RSA waste classification system due to Mn and Ni solubility., whereas international systems felt these materials were non-hazardous. The RSA waste classification system was found to be overly cautious compared to international systems and should be revisited. Sludges from HDSP can rather be used as soil amendments instead of being classified hazardous and destined to expensive waste management sites. If certain trace elements are excessively available, the study demonstrated that phosphating reduces mobility and toxicity, ensuring the safety of produce from soils treated with HDS. Keywords: AMD, HDS, Circum-neutral mine water, waste classification, amendment / Thesis (PhD (Soil Science)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / WRC / Plant Production and Soil Science / PhD (Soil Science) / Unrestricted

Hörntänderna i maxillan är efter visdomständerna de tänder som oftast blir retinerade. Prevalensen varierar mellan 1-3%. En retinerad överkäkshörntand har ofta en ektopisk placering. Detta kan leda till att eruptionsriktningen blir felaktig och därmed kan tanden orsaka skador på de angränsande incisivernas rötter. För att minska risken för detta krävs tidig diagnostik, i 9-11 års ålder.Den vanligaste åtgärden för palatinalt displacerade hörntänder är extraktion av mjölkhörntänderna för att underlätta spontaneruption av de efterföljande permanenta hörntänderna. Om enbart denna behandling inte är tillräcklig eller om den permanenta hörntanden ligger för djupt måste kirurgisk friläggning ske. Detta sker i kombination med efterföljande ortodontisk behandling.I Sverige används idag två typer av kirurgisk friläggning; öppen och sluten. Vilken typ av friläggning som används tycks vara lokalt betingat. I Malmöregionen används oftast öppen friläggning medan i Jönköpingsregionen sluten friläggning är vanligast.I denna studie jämförs behandlingsutfallet hos patienter där öppna och slutna friläggningar gjorts. Framförallt utvärderas om det finns någon signifikant skillnad i behandlingstid, från friläggning till dess att den ortodontiska behandlingen är färdig. Hänsyn tas till typ av friläggning och om tanden ligger palatinalt eller buckalt retinerad. Det undersöks även vid vilken ålder friläggning gjorts samt vilken typ av retentionapparatur som använts.I gruppen med öppen friläggning var patienterna i genomsnitt 15,2 år respektive 12,9 år i gruppen med sluten friläggning. Den totala behandlingstiden från friläggning till avlägsnande av apparatur visade sig vara signifikant kortare i gruppen som fick öppen friläggning jämfört med gruppen som fick sluten friläggning. / The maxillary canines are after the third molars, the most frequently impacted teeth. The incidence varies between 1-3%. Impacted maxillary canines are often related to ectopic position, which can lead to an incorrect direction of eruption and thus cause damage to the adjacent incisors roots.The most common treatment for palatally displaced canines is extraction of the primary canines to facilitate spontaneous eruption of the succeeding permanent teeth. If this treatment is not sufficient or if the permanent canine lies too deep, surgical exposure is needed. This occurs in combination with orthodontic treatment.In Sweden two types of surgical exposures are practiced; open and closed. Which type of exposure is used seems to be locally induced. In Malmö the open exposure is most frequently practiced while in Jönköping the closed exposure is the treatment of choice.The aim of this study is to compare the treatment outcome in two groups of patients, treated either with an open or a closed exposure. It was evaluated whether any significant difference was found in the overall treatment time, from exposure until completed orthodontic treatment. Consideration was given to type of exposure and weather the tooth was palatally or buccally impacted. The age of the patients when the exposures occurred and the type of retention used in the different groups were also examined.The mean age for the patients treated with an open exposure was 15.2 years compared to 12.9 years in the other group. The total time of treatment from exposure to removal of the appliances was significantly shorter in the group with open exposure.