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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Biocompatibilidade e osteointegração de células osteoblásticas em contato com nióbio / Biocompatibility and osteointegration of osteoblastic cells in contact with niobium

Molin, Paulo Henrique 29 January 2016 (has links)
O nióbio possui potencial para ser um metal de grande aplicabilidade, tanto na engenharia como na área médica; porém a literatura médica a respeito deste material é escassa. Para que o nióbio de pureza 97,47% possa ser utilizado como material de implante e permita a osteointegração se faz necessário avaliá-lo quanto a sua biocompatibilidade e potencial de mineralização. Para tanto é importante compreender os eventos celulares e moleculares que ocorrem na interface nióbio-célula. Neste estudo foram utilizadas as técnicas laboratoriais de Alamar Blue, coloração de Alizarin Red, assim como a expressão de genes, importantes na ocorrência de mineralização e manutenção das células osteoblásticas, utilizando a técnica de qPCR. As células em contato direto com o nióbio obtiveram atividade celular indiferente em relação ao material controle. O nióbio possibilita a aposição de depósitos de cálcio e a adesão celular em sua superfície, comprovando a osteoindução, osteocondução e osteogênese. A análise do qPCR comprovou estatisticamente pelo método Livak que o nióbio é um material com potencial de osteointegração. O entendimento dos resultados obtidos nos testes de biocompatibilidade, mineralização e expressão gênica comprovaram que o metal nióbio é biocompatível e possui propriedades osteointegrativas, pode ser indicado como um material para implante e que permite a osteointegração. / Niobium has the potential to be a metal with wide applicability in engineering and in the medical field; but the medical literature regarding the behavior of this material is scarce. It is required to evaluate the biocompatibility and mineralization of the niobium (94,47% purity) if it would be used as an implant material and osteointegrate material. Therefore, it is important to understand the cellular and molecular events that occur in the material-cell interface. In this study we used laboratory techniques of Alamar Blue, Alizarin Red staining, as well as gene expression of important genes in the mineralization and maintenance of osteoblastic cells by qPCR technique. The cells in direct contact with the niobium obtained indifferent cellular activity compared to the control material. Niobium allowed affixing calcium deposits and cell adhesion on its surface, proving its osteoinductive, osteoconductive and osteogenesis properties. The qPCR analysis proved statistically by Livak method that niobium is a material with osseointegration potential. An understanding of the biocompatibility, mineralization and gene expression led us to conclusion that the niobium metal is biocompatible and with osteointegrative properties which can be indicated as an implant material that allows osteointegration.
2

Crescimento da nanoapatita na liga Ti-30Ta, para aplicações odontológicas

Kimaid, Maria Isabel Éboli [UNESP] 25 February 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:14:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 kimaid_mie_me_guara.pdf: 2034242 bytes, checksum: 7b11e5da6457c5a1b1399620f3fff905 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de formação da apatita na superfície da liga Ti-30TA após modificação da superfície usando o método biomimético com tipos de solução SBF diferentes, convencionais e condensado (5xSBF). A liga Ti-30TA foi obtida a partir do titânio C.P. titânio e tântalo usando um forno de arco voltaico. Os lingotes foram submetidos a um tratamento térmico e foram forjados à frio. O tarugo foi usinado em um torno CNC para atingir microestrutura e morfologia semelhante aos implantes dentários. Foram cortados discos com 13 mm de diâmetro e 3 mm de espessura. Para o tratamento de superfície, as amostras foram imersas em solução aquosa de NaOH 0,5M a 60 º C por 24 horas, lavados com água destilada e seco a 40 º C por 24h. Após o tratamento alcalino, as amostras foram tratadas termicamente a 300 º C por 1 h em um forno elétrico no ar. Os discos foram imersos em SBF para formar uma camada de apatita sobre sua superfície. As superfícies foram avaliadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia de força atômica (AFM). Medidas de ângulo de contato foram realizadas a fim de avaliar a molhabilidade. Os resultados indicam a formação de um revestimento de nanoapatita sobre a superfície da liga experimental Ti-30Ta. / The purpose of this work was to evaluate apatite forming ability in surface of Ti- 30Ta alloy after modification surface using biomimetic method with different SBFs, conventional and condensed (5xSBF). Ti-30Ta alloy was obtained from C.P. titanium and tantalum by using an arc-melting furnace. Ingots were submitted to heat treatment and they were cold worked by swaging. Billet turning on a CNC lathe in order to achieve microstructure and morphology similar to dental implants. Discs with 13 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness were cutting. For surface treatment, samples were immersed in 0.5M NaOH aqueous solution at 60ºC for 24 hours, washed with distilled water and dried at 40ºC for 24h. After the alkaline treatment, samples were heat treated at 300 ºC for 2 h in an electrical furnace in air. Discs were soaking in SBF to form an apatite layer on the surface. Surfaces were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Contact angle measurements were carried out in order to evaluate the wettability. The results indicate that nanoapatite coating could form on surface of Ti- 30Ta experimental alloy.
3

Biocompatibilidade e osteointegração de células osteoblásticas em contato com nióbio / Biocompatibility and osteointegration of osteoblastic cells in contact with niobium

Paulo Henrique Molin 29 January 2016 (has links)
O nióbio possui potencial para ser um metal de grande aplicabilidade, tanto na engenharia como na área médica; porém a literatura médica a respeito deste material é escassa. Para que o nióbio de pureza 97,47% possa ser utilizado como material de implante e permita a osteointegração se faz necessário avaliá-lo quanto a sua biocompatibilidade e potencial de mineralização. Para tanto é importante compreender os eventos celulares e moleculares que ocorrem na interface nióbio-célula. Neste estudo foram utilizadas as técnicas laboratoriais de Alamar Blue, coloração de Alizarin Red, assim como a expressão de genes, importantes na ocorrência de mineralização e manutenção das células osteoblásticas, utilizando a técnica de qPCR. As células em contato direto com o nióbio obtiveram atividade celular indiferente em relação ao material controle. O nióbio possibilita a aposição de depósitos de cálcio e a adesão celular em sua superfície, comprovando a osteoindução, osteocondução e osteogênese. A análise do qPCR comprovou estatisticamente pelo método Livak que o nióbio é um material com potencial de osteointegração. O entendimento dos resultados obtidos nos testes de biocompatibilidade, mineralização e expressão gênica comprovaram que o metal nióbio é biocompatível e possui propriedades osteointegrativas, pode ser indicado como um material para implante e que permite a osteointegração. / Niobium has the potential to be a metal with wide applicability in engineering and in the medical field; but the medical literature regarding the behavior of this material is scarce. It is required to evaluate the biocompatibility and mineralization of the niobium (94,47% purity) if it would be used as an implant material and osteointegrate material. Therefore, it is important to understand the cellular and molecular events that occur in the material-cell interface. In this study we used laboratory techniques of Alamar Blue, Alizarin Red staining, as well as gene expression of important genes in the mineralization and maintenance of osteoblastic cells by qPCR technique. The cells in direct contact with the niobium obtained indifferent cellular activity compared to the control material. Niobium allowed affixing calcium deposits and cell adhesion on its surface, proving its osteoinductive, osteoconductive and osteogenesis properties. The qPCR analysis proved statistically by Livak method that niobium is a material with osseointegration potential. An understanding of the biocompatibility, mineralization and gene expression led us to conclusion that the niobium metal is biocompatible and with osteointegrative properties which can be indicated as an implant material that allows osteointegration.
4

Crescimento da nanoapatita na liga Ti-30Ta, para aplicações odontológicas /

Kimaid, Maria Isabel Éboli. January 2010 (has links)
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de formação da apatita na superfície da liga Ti-30TA após modificação da superfície usando o método biomimético com tipos de solução SBF diferentes, convencionais e condensado (5xSBF). A liga Ti-30TA foi obtida a partir do titânio C.P. titânio e tântalo usando um forno de arco voltaico. Os lingotes foram submetidos a um tratamento térmico e foram forjados à frio. O tarugo foi usinado em um torno CNC para atingir microestrutura e morfologia semelhante aos implantes dentários. Foram cortados discos com 13 mm de diâmetro e 3 mm de espessura. Para o tratamento de superfície, as amostras foram imersas em solução aquosa de NaOH 0,5M a 60 º C por 24 horas, lavados com água destilada e seco a 40 º C por 24h. Após o tratamento alcalino, as amostras foram tratadas termicamente a 300 º C por 1 h em um forno elétrico no ar. Os discos foram imersos em SBF para formar uma camada de apatita sobre sua superfície. As superfícies foram avaliadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia de força atômica (AFM). Medidas de ângulo de contato foram realizadas a fim de avaliar a molhabilidade. Os resultados indicam a formação de um revestimento de nanoapatita sobre a superfície da liga experimental Ti-30Ta. / Abstract: The purpose of this work was to evaluate apatite forming ability in surface of Ti- 30Ta alloy after modification surface using biomimetic method with different SBFs, conventional and condensed (5xSBF). Ti-30Ta alloy was obtained from C.P. titanium and tantalum by using an arc-melting furnace. Ingots were submitted to heat treatment and they were cold worked by swaging. Billet turning on a CNC lathe in order to achieve microstructure and morphology similar to dental implants. Discs with 13 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness were cutting. For surface treatment, samples were immersed in 0.5M NaOH aqueous solution at 60ºC for 24 hours, washed with distilled water and dried at 40ºC for 24h. After the alkaline treatment, samples were heat treated at 300 ºC for 2 h in an electrical furnace in air. Discs were soaking in SBF to form an apatite layer on the surface. Surfaces were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Contact angle measurements were carried out in order to evaluate the wettability. The results indicate that nanoapatite coating could form on surface of Ti- 30Ta experimental alloy. / Orientador: Ana Paula Rosifini Alves Claro / Coorientador: Maria Cristina Rosifini Alves Rezende / Banca: Marcelo Marotta Araújo / Banca: Sandra Schneider / Mestre
5

TiNbOx microscaffolds for studying early bone cell-material interactions in the microscale

Herzer, Raffael 04 April 2022 (has links)
Titanium alloys are frequently used in the medical field as bone implant materials due to their excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. Yet, their elastic modulus is usually significantly higher than the one of bone, which can lead to a reduction of bone tissue at the implant site. The current research is therefore focused on the development of highly porous implants, which promise a low elastic modulus close to that of bone, an enhanced bone ingrowth and an improved vascularization. However, the appropriate pore size for an optimal osseointegration still remains unclear. To that end, a transparent tubular microsystem is developed to mimic such a porous microenvironment in order to study single bone cell behavior and early bone formation processes. The system is fabricated out of an implant material (β-stabilized Ti-45Nb (wt%)). It is demonstrated that the bulk material composition, which is consisting of a high Nb content, can be closely transferred to transparent thin films by using reactive sputtering. These films then self-assemble into tubular microscaffolds (TS) with a diameter range between 10-42 μm. Biological studies are subsequently performed to investigate the response (e.g. cell adhesion, migration, osteogenic differentiation) of human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) to the TS. It is shown that cells form fewer, more diffuse focal adhesion points inside the TS compared to a planar surface and the spatial confinement causes a switch in between amoeboid and mesenchymal migration modes. In addition, it is demonstrated that cells can survive inside the TS for at least 12 days during osteogenic differentiation and partly mineralize the TS interior. The observed mineralization process is furthermore linked to the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals inside dead cells bodies, which leads to a crystallization over time. All in all, the TS platform offers an easy way to identify key factors of bone cell-implant interactions that can be used to improve the biocompatibility of the bone-implant interface in the future.
6

Gewebereaktionen auf nicht-metallische kardiovaskuläre Implantatmaterialien zum Einsatz bei der Therapie angeborener Herzfehler / Tissue reactions to non-metallic cardiovascular implants for the treatment of congenital heart defects

Hüll, Stephanie 08 December 2016 (has links)
Bei angeborenen Herzfehlern, die bei 1 bis 1,2 % aller Lebendgeburten auftreten und so-mit die häufigste behandlungsbedürftige Organfehlbildung darstellen, kommen regelhaft kardiovaskuläre Implantate im Rahmen der chirurgischen bzw. interventionellen Therapie zum Einsatz. Hierzu zählen u. a. Shunts, Patches und Okkluder, die aus verschiedenen Implantatmaterialien hergestellt werden. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit bestand darin – basierend auf histologischen Untersuchungen – Unterschiede bzw. Gemeinsamkeiten bezüglich der Biokompatibilität nicht-metallischer Implantatmaterialien zu prüfen, da eine bewusste Materialauswahl kardiovaskulärer Implantate zur Therapie angeborener Herzfehler zu besseren Langzeitergebnissen der Implantate beitragen kann. Untersucht wurden Implantate, die im Rahmen von Korrekturoperationen entnommen wurden und anschließend im Forschungslabor für Pädiatrische Kardiologie und Intensivmedizin der Universitätsmedizin Göttingen ausgewertet wurden: Shunts aus PTFE (n = 21, durchschnittliche Implantationszeit: 18 Monate), Patches aus PTFE (n = 13, durchschnittliche Implantationszeit: 247 Monate) und Polyester (n = 4, durchschnittli¬che Implantationszeit: 321 Monate) sowie Okkluder aus PTFE (n = 3, durchschnittliche Implantationszeit: 74 Monate), Polyester (n = 9, durchschnittliche Implantationszeit: 30 Monate) und PVA (n = 2, durchschnittliche Implantationszeit: 23 Monate). Zur Herstellung histologischer Präparate wurden metallhaltige Implantate (Okkluder) sowie solche mit bereits makroskopisch sichtbarer Verkalkung in Methylmethacrylat-Kunstharz eingebettet und anschließend gesägt und geschliffen, sodass sie lichtmikroskopisch ausgewertet werden konnten. Die anderen Implantate wurden in Paraffin eingebettet und geschnitten. Neben konventionellen Färbungen zur Übersicht und Darstellung von Verkalkungen wurden immunhistochemische Färbungen eingesetzt. Unabhängig vom Implantatmaterial konnte regelhaft eine endothelialisierte und neovaskularisierte Pseudointima, hauptsächlich am ehesten aus Myofibroblasten und Fibroblasten bestehend, dargestellt werden. Das im Implantatmaterial neu gebildete Gewebe bestand hauptsächlich aus Fibroblasten und war neovaskularisiert. Implantatassoziierte, chronische Entzündungsreaktionen – getragen durch Makrophagen und Lymphozyten – sowie Fremdkörperreaktionen – getragen durch FKR – waren bei den Polyester- und PVA-Implantaten stärker ausgeprägt als bei den PTFE-Implantaten. Verkalkungen in Pseudointima- und Implantatgewebe wurden bei den Polyester-Implantaten ab einer Implantationszeit von 3 Jahren und 4 Monaten, bei den PTFE-Implantaten ab einer Implantationszeit von 5 Jahren und 10 Monaten beobachtet. Die durch Polyester hervorgerufene, stärker ausgeprägte Entzündungsreaktion ist als Ursache der zu einem früheren Zeitpunkt einsetzenden Verkalkung von Polyester-Implantaten anzusehen. Während bei den Polyester-Implantaten häufig eher ungleichmäßig verteilte und unregelmäßig geformte, punktförmige Verkalkungen bis hin zu kleinen Kalkaggregaten in Pseudointima- und Implantatgewebe vorhanden waren, wiesen die PTFE-Implantate zumeist gleichmäßige, großflächig-konfluierende Verkalkungen auf. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass bei Implantaten, die Polyester- oder PTFE-Anteile enthal¬ten, mittelfristig mit der Entwicklung von lokalen Verkalkungen zu rechnen ist, die im Langzeitverlauf zu Komplikationen führen können. Dies muss bei der Implantatauswahl beachtet werden. Möglicherweise kann in Zukunft durch die Entwicklung neuartiger Materialien eine Verminderung der Verkalkungstendenz, zum Beispiel durch Biodegra¬dierbarkeit des Implantatmaterials, erreicht werden.

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