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The role of impulsive aggression in a cohort of suicide attemptersHodges, Gayle Elizabeth. January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 2006. / Not embargoed. Vita. Bibliography: 90-100.
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Associação de haplótipos de genes do sistema serotonérgico e impulsividade / Association of serotonergic gene haplotypes and impulsivenessWilson, David 14 August 2008 (has links)
Dadas a elevada prevalência e os grandes prejuízos sociais, familiares e pessoais que caracterizam o envolvimento patológico com jogos de azar, torna-se necessária a investigação sistemática de fatores de vulnerabilidade e de resistência que possam influir no desenvolvimento de tais condições. Uma das principais estratégias utilizadas para a profilaxia e tratamento dessas formas de envolvimento patológico tem sido a investigação dos componentes biológico-genéticos do Jogo Patológico (JP). O presente estudo objetivou investigar a associação de polimorfismos de genes candidatos do sistema serotonérgico e JP em pares de irmãos discordantes para este diagnóstico. Participaram do estudo 140 pares de irmãos discordantes para o diagnóstico de JP pelos critérios do Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico da Associação Psiquiátrica Americana, DSM-IV. Foram genotipados os seguintes polimorfismos de genes que codificam: o transportador da serotonina (polimorfismo 5HTTLPR-l/s), o receptor serotoninérgico subtipo 1B (5HT1B G861C), e o receptor serotoninérgico subtipo 2A (polimorfismos 5HT2A T102C e C516T). Na análise estatística observou-se uma maior distribuição do alelo C do polimorfismo T102C do gene 5HT2A no grupo de irmãos com o diagnóstico de JP (p<0,01), sugerindo uma possível contribuição desse alelo na predisposição ao JP. Entretanto, faz-se necessária a investigação desses polimorfismos em amostras independentes envolvendo o fenótipo JP para a confirmação dos achados apresentados nesse trabalho. Uma análise preliminar dos haplótipos (102 e 516) apresentou resultados inconclusivos. É interessante notar que há associação entre esse polimorfismo e manifestações psiquiátricas outras que não o JP. / The high prevalence and the great social, familial and personal hazards that appear along with the occurrence of pathological involvement in gambling makes it necessary to systematically investigate vulnerability and resilience factors that may influence the development of such a condition. One of the main strategies in prevention and treatment of these pathological behaviors has been the investigation of the biological-genetic basis of pathological gambling (PG). The present study aimed to determine any association between candidate gene polymorphisms of the serotoninergic system and the occurrence of PG in sib-pairs discordant for this diagnosis. One hundred and forty (140) PG-discordant sib-pairs were evaluated by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual from the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV), who had already been previously genotyped in other studies. We genotyped the polymorphisms which codified: the serotonin transporter (5HTTLPRl/ s polymorphism), the serotonergic receptor subtype 1B (5HT1B G861C polymorphism), and the serotonergic receptor subtype 2A (T102C and C516T polymorphisms). Statistical analysis revealed a greater distribution of the C allele of the T102C polymorphism of the 5HT2A gene in the gambling sib group (p<0,01), suggesting a possible contribution of this allele in the predisposition for PG. Nevertheless, it is necessary to further investigate these polymorphisms in independent samples involving PG phenotype for the adequate confirmation of such findings. A preliminary analysis of the haplotypes (102 and 516) show inconclusive results. It is noteworthy that there are previous associations between this polymorphism and psychiatric manifestations other than PG.
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The role of impulsive and impulsive aggressive behaviours in the risk for suicide and the familial transmission of suicidal behaviours /McGirr, Alexander. January 2008 (has links)
One of the most difficult and serious challenges facing the mental health professional is the prevention of suicide. Efficient prevention, however, depends on early detection of patients at risk for suicidal behaviour, which in turn depends on a better understanding of the predisposing factors. Over the last years, based on a large volume of data, it has become increasingly clear that subjects who commit suicide present high levels of impulsive and impulsive-aggressive behaviours. / In the first approach, we investigate whether levels of the impulsive aggressive diathesis were more important in suicide occurring at different life stages. In the second, we investigate whether levels of the diathesis predicted when during the course of major depressive disorder suicide occurs. / Family studies have consistently indicated that suicidal behaviour tends to cluster in families. However, relatives also present increased risk for psychiatric morbidity, and therefore, the critical question is whether or not the liability to suicidal behavior is given by the same predisposition to the coexistent psychiatric disorders. / Therefore, in the third study, we examined the independence of familial liability using a three group design. The relatives of deceased suicide probands who died in the context of a major depressive episode are compared to the relatives of living depressed subjects without a history of suicide and to the relatives of healthy controls screened for the absence of major depression and suicide.
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Strategic contingency management to enhance treatment outcomes for problem gamblersWest, Beverly, University of Lethbridge. School of Health Sciences January 2008 (has links)
Problem gambling is best understood from a biopsychosocial perspective, whereby multifaceted biological, psychological, and socio-environmental factors interact in ways that may lead to individual risk. Reinforcement contingencies and operant conditioning appear to play particularly important etiological roles. Theoretically, operant conditioning approaches should therefore comprise particularly effective treatment strategies. While operant conditioning in the form of contingency management is known to be an effective treatment for alcohol and substance abuse, it has never been applied by clinical practitioners in community-based treatment for problem gambling. The present pilot study explored the utility of adding concrete reward contingencies to community outpatient treatment, from the perspectives of clinical effectiveness and client/counsellor experiences. At 3-month follow-up, clinical outcomes compared well to typical treatment outcomes, and treatment retention appeared to be superior. Participating clients perceived concrete rewards to be moderately effective in the change process, while active therapist acceptance of this technique appeared to be limited. / xi, 186 leaves ; 29 cm. --
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Enhancing performance in individuals with impulsive response stylesPooler, Courtney. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Psychology, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.
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Voluntary control of salivary response to chocolate chip cookies an analog for self-modulated alcohol cue reactivity /Maloney, Anne. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Psychology, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.
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Continuity of aspects of sustained attention and impulse control during development in children prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana /Chesley, Christy Lynn, January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--Carleton University, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in electronic format on the Internet.
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A impulsividade dos portadores de transtorno bipolar resulta em alta prevalência de comorbidade com transtornos do controle dos impulsos? / Is impulvity in bipolar disorder related to high prevalence of comorbid impulse control disorders?Caetano, Murilo Ferreira 19 August 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-08-19 / Introduction: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and potentially harmful psychiatric
condition that usually begins in adolescence or in early adulthood. It is associated with suicidal
behavior, social and occupational impairment, distress, substance abuse, low quality of life and
high prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders. Impulsivity is a marked feature of the acute
phases but has been showed to be also a longitudinal feature of the the disorder, a trait. Impulse
control disorders (ICD) form a heterogeneous group with several syndromes characterized by
impulsive and compulsive behavior leading to marked distress and social or occupational
impairment. ICD have been associated with both depressive and anxiety disorders and substance
abuse, its relation with BD is yet to be understood.
Methods: We evaluated 42 patients with BP I and BP II disorders according to DSM-IVTR
criteria. The diagnosis was confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I
disorders of the DSM-IV (SCID-I-P). Sociodemographic data were assessed using the Brazilian
Bipolar Disorder Association standard interview. ICD were assessed with a specific SCID module
for ICD. Impulsivity was measured using the Barrat Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). Patients with
severe depression (MADRS > 34) or with manic symptoms (Young >6) were excluded to avoid
difficulties in data collection. Patients with active or a sequel of neurological disorders (such as
Epilepsy, Parkinson Disease and Stroke) were excluded because it has been associated with
impulsive behavior. We compared the group with at least one ICD with the group without ICD in
terms of impulsivity, sociodemographic data, comorbities and course of the disease.
Results: The prevalence of ICD was 35.7 % (n=15). Compulsive buying and intermittent
explosive disorder were the most commons followed by skin picking disorder, trichotilomania,
kleptomania and internet addiction. There were no cases of gambling disorder or pyromania. The
ICD+ group was found to have more men, co-morbidity with alcohol abuse, early onset of the first
depressive episode, less hospital admissions due to mania and the subjects were more likely to be
using antidepressants. There was no difference regarding the age, type of BD, comorbidity with
anxiety or eating disorders, psychotic features, age of first manic episode, educational level,
marital status or income. Impulsivity measured by BIS-11 was higher in the ICD+ group, as well as
the inhibitory control scale of the BIS-11. No difference was found in ‘lack of planning’ domain of
the BIS-11.
Conclusion: ICD are very common in BD and should always be assessed in clinical setting.
Alcohol abuse, masculine sex, early onset of the first depressive episode and fewer hospital
admissions to treat mania were associated with comorbid ICD. / O Transtorno Bipolar (TB) é uma condição psiquiátrica crônica, potencialmente
incapacitante, que se inicia geralmente na adolescência ou no início da na vida adulta, está
marcado por risco aumentado de suicídio, incapacitação para o trabalho, uso de drogas e outros
problemas. A impulsividade é uma característica marcante como um estado das fases agudas,
sobretudo da mania e da hipomania, mas tem sido demonstrada como um traço, uma característica
longitudinal do TB. Já os Transtornos do Controle dos Impulsos (TCI) formam um grupo
heterogêneo de síndromes psiquiátricas cujo aspecto nuclear é a falência recorrente em resistir a
impulso levando a comportamentos repetitivos que trazem sofrimento para si e terceiros. Apesar de
relativamente pouco estudados, a relação dos TCI com transtornos de humor, transtornos de
ansiedade e transtornos por uso de substâncias é algo já demonstrado. Faltam dados na literatura
sobre a prevalência de TCI em populações com TB. O objetivo desse trabalho é determinar a
prevalência de TCI em uma população de pacientes com TB tipos I e II e comparar os grupos com
e sem TCI com relação aos aspectos sociodemográficos, clínicos e nível de impulsividade.
Métodos: Em um serviço especializado, usando critérios do DSM-IV-TR, avaliamos 42
pacientes com TB tipos I e II relacionando comorbidades psiquiátricas, curso da doença,
características demográficas e nível de impulsividade. Após a aplicação da Entrevista Estruturada
para diagnósticos de Eixo 1 do DSM-IV, versão para pacientes (SCID-I-P), utilizamos um módulo
específico para diagnóstico de TCI. Aplicamos a escala de impulsividade de Barrat na versão
brasileira (BIS-11) para mensurar o nível de impulsividade e as escalas de Montgomery e Asberg
para depressão e Young para mania para excluir pacientes com sintomas maníacos ou com
depressão grave que pudessem gerar equívocos na avaliação. Fizemos, em seguida, a comparação
do grupo com algum tipo de TCI (TCI(+) com o grupo sem diagnóstico de TCI (TCI(-)) com
relação à pontuação na BIS-11, condições sócio-demográficas e evolução da doença.
Resultados: a prevalência de TCI foi de 35,7% (n=15), sendo a compulsão por compras e o
transtorno explosivo intermitente os mais comuns. Foram seguidos por compulsão sexual e,
posteriormente, por transtorno de escoriações, tricotilomania e cleptomania. A compulsão por
internet e celular foi o menos prevalente. Não houve casos de jogo patológico nem de piromania. O
grupo TCI(+) diferiu-se por ter mais homens, maior prevalência de transtorno por uso de álcool,
menor idade do primeiro episódio depressivo, ter tido menos internações por mania e ter maior
probabilidade de estar medicado com antidepressivos no presente. Não houve diferença estatística
na idade, subtipo de TB, presença de transtornos de ansiedade ou alimentares, sintomas psicóticos,
doenças não psiquiátricas, idade do primeiro episódio maníaco/hipomaníaco, nível educacional,
estado civil ou renda. A impulsividade global pela BIS-11 foi maior no grupo TCI(+), assim como
a subescala de ‘controle inibitório’, mas não houve diferença na subescala de falta de
planejamento.
Conclusões: os TCI são condições muito prevalentes nos pacientes com TB e devem ser
sempre avaliados no contexto clínico. Houve relação entre TCI e abuso de álcool, sexo masculino,
episódio depressivo mais precoce e menos internações por mania.
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Associação de haplótipos de genes do sistema serotonérgico e impulsividade / Association of serotonergic gene haplotypes and impulsivenessDavid Wilson 14 August 2008 (has links)
Dadas a elevada prevalência e os grandes prejuízos sociais, familiares e pessoais que caracterizam o envolvimento patológico com jogos de azar, torna-se necessária a investigação sistemática de fatores de vulnerabilidade e de resistência que possam influir no desenvolvimento de tais condições. Uma das principais estratégias utilizadas para a profilaxia e tratamento dessas formas de envolvimento patológico tem sido a investigação dos componentes biológico-genéticos do Jogo Patológico (JP). O presente estudo objetivou investigar a associação de polimorfismos de genes candidatos do sistema serotonérgico e JP em pares de irmãos discordantes para este diagnóstico. Participaram do estudo 140 pares de irmãos discordantes para o diagnóstico de JP pelos critérios do Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico da Associação Psiquiátrica Americana, DSM-IV. Foram genotipados os seguintes polimorfismos de genes que codificam: o transportador da serotonina (polimorfismo 5HTTLPR-l/s), o receptor serotoninérgico subtipo 1B (5HT1B G861C), e o receptor serotoninérgico subtipo 2A (polimorfismos 5HT2A T102C e C516T). Na análise estatística observou-se uma maior distribuição do alelo C do polimorfismo T102C do gene 5HT2A no grupo de irmãos com o diagnóstico de JP (p<0,01), sugerindo uma possível contribuição desse alelo na predisposição ao JP. Entretanto, faz-se necessária a investigação desses polimorfismos em amostras independentes envolvendo o fenótipo JP para a confirmação dos achados apresentados nesse trabalho. Uma análise preliminar dos haplótipos (102 e 516) apresentou resultados inconclusivos. É interessante notar que há associação entre esse polimorfismo e manifestações psiquiátricas outras que não o JP. / The high prevalence and the great social, familial and personal hazards that appear along with the occurrence of pathological involvement in gambling makes it necessary to systematically investigate vulnerability and resilience factors that may influence the development of such a condition. One of the main strategies in prevention and treatment of these pathological behaviors has been the investigation of the biological-genetic basis of pathological gambling (PG). The present study aimed to determine any association between candidate gene polymorphisms of the serotoninergic system and the occurrence of PG in sib-pairs discordant for this diagnosis. One hundred and forty (140) PG-discordant sib-pairs were evaluated by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual from the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV), who had already been previously genotyped in other studies. We genotyped the polymorphisms which codified: the serotonin transporter (5HTTLPRl/ s polymorphism), the serotonergic receptor subtype 1B (5HT1B G861C polymorphism), and the serotonergic receptor subtype 2A (T102C and C516T polymorphisms). Statistical analysis revealed a greater distribution of the C allele of the T102C polymorphism of the 5HT2A gene in the gambling sib group (p<0,01), suggesting a possible contribution of this allele in the predisposition for PG. Nevertheless, it is necessary to further investigate these polymorphisms in independent samples involving PG phenotype for the adequate confirmation of such findings. A preliminary analysis of the haplotypes (102 and 516) show inconclusive results. It is noteworthy that there are previous associations between this polymorphism and psychiatric manifestations other than PG.
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Pathological Internet Use among College Students: The Prevalence of Pathological Internet Use and its CorrelatesDiNicola, Michael D. 25 June 2004 (has links)
No description available.
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