A indústria de pet food cresce juntamente com as pesquisas nessa área com os objetivos não apenas de atender as necessidades nutricionais, mas também, com o propósito de promover saúde, bem estar e longevidade aos animais de companhia. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de suplementos promotores de saúde intestinal sobre a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, produtos fermentativos e parâmetros imunológicos em cães adultos. Foram utilizados 24 cães adultos de diferentes pesos e portes, divididos em seis blocos casualizados e, distribuídos aleatoriamente nos tratamentos [(CO) controle, sem adição de prebiótico; (GOS) inclusão de 1,0% de galactooligossacarídeos; (B1) inclusão de 0,5% de um blend de prebióticos; (B2) inclusão de 1,0% de um blend de prebióticos\"]. O experimento foi constituído de 30 dias, sendo os 20 primeiros de adaptação aos tratamentos e os últimos 10 dias de coletas de fezes e sangue. Os dados obtidos foram analisados no programa SAS. Foram previamente verificadas normalidade dos resíduos e homogeneidade das variancias, em seguida os dados foram submetidos a teste de ANOVA, por fim as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de significância de 5%. A suplementação dos prebióticos não alterou os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente testados, produção e escore fecal (p>0,05). Em relação aos produtos de fermentação avaliados, a adição dos promotores de saúde intestinal não alterou o pH fecal, nem as concentrações de amônia, ácido lático, ácido acético, ácido propiônico e ácido butiríco, ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC) totais, ácido valérico, ácido iso-butírico e ácidos graxos de cadeia ramificada (AGCR) totais das fezes (p>0,05). No entanto, a adição de GOS diminuiu a concentração do AGCR isovalérico (p=0,0423) em relação a B1. Quanto aos parâmetros imunológicos avaliados, a adição de GOS e B2 aumentou o número total de células polimorfonucleares, assim como o burst oxidadivo em relação aos tratamentos B1 e CO (p<0,0001). O tratamento B2 melhorou o índice de fagocitose de S. aureus em relação ao CO, porém não diferiu dos demais (p=0,011). No teste de fagocitose de E.coli, os tratamentos GOS e B2 apresentaram melhor índice do que o tratamento CO, o qual não diferiu de B1 (p=0,0067). Pode-se concluir que os tratamentos GOS e Blend Yes Golf, quando incluídos a 1,0% na formulação do alimento, aumentaram a atividade fagocitária e o burst oxidativo de cães saudáveis. / The pet food industry grows along with research in this area with the goals not only of meeting nutritional needs but also with the purpose of promoting health, well-being and longevity to companion animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of intestinal health promoting supplements on nutrient digestibility, fermentative products and immunological parameters in adult dogs. Twenty-four adult dogs were divided into six blocks and randomly assigned to the treatments [ a control treatments, without prebiotics (CO); inclusion of 0.5% a prebiotic blend Yes Golf (B1); inclusion of 1.0.% galactooligosaccharide (GOS); inclusion of 1.0% a prebiotic blend Yes Golf (B2)], following a randomized block design. The experiment consisted of 30 days, being the first 20 of adaptation to the treatments and the last 10 days of collections of feces and blood. The results were analyzed for their normality and the means were compared by the Tukey test at the significance level of 5.0%. Prebiotic supplementation had no effect on the apparent digestibility coefficients tested, yield and fecal score (p> 0.05). For the fermentation products evaluated, the addition of the intestinal health promoters did not alter the fecal pH, nor the concentrations of ammonia, lactic acid, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and most faecal branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) (p> 0.05). The addition of GOS decreased the concentration of iso-valeric fatty acid (p = 0.0423). Regarding the immunological parameters evaluated, the addition of GOS and B2 increased the total number of polymorphonuclear cells, as well as the oxidative burst in relation to the treatments B1 and CO (p <0.0001). Treatment B2 improved the rate of S. aureus phagocytosis in relation to CO, but did not differ from the others, and treatments B1 and GOS did not differ from CO (p = 0.0111). For E.coli phagocytosis, the GOS and B2 treatments had a better index than the CO treatment, which did not differ from B1 (p = 0.0067). It can be concluded that GOS and B2, when included 1.0% in the formulation of the food, seem to present prebiotic potential regarding the immunity of healthy dogs.

Šiame darbe tirta ŽPV infekcijos įtaką nėščiosios organizmo antioksidacinės sistemos būklei bei vertintas vietinio imuniteto atsakas į šią infekciją. Nustatytas tiriamųjų infekuotumas ŽPV; identifikuoti atskirų tipų ŽPV; palygintas tiriamųjų infekuotumas ŽPV tarp pirmojo ir trečiojo nėštumo trimestrų; ištirta antioksidacinės sistemos būklė bei vietinį imunitetą rodančių interleukinų (IL-10 ir IL-12) koncentracijų pokyčiai nėštumo metu priklausomai nuo ŽPV infekcijos. Atsižvelgiant į tai, kad Lietuvoje yra didelis sergamumas gimdos kaklelio vėžiu bei mirtingumas nuo jo, mūsų nustatytas nėščiųjų infekuotumas ŽPV bei identifikuoti ŽPV tipai leido įvertinti infekuotumo ŽPV pokyčius nėštumo metu didelės gimdos kaklelio vėžio rizikos populiacijoje ir sudarė galimybę palyginti gautus duomenis su kitų šalių autorių gautais duomenimis. Įrodyta, kad nėštumo metu moterims vystosi oksidacinis stresas, kurio lygis nepriklauso nuo infekuotumo ŽPV. Nustatyta, kad IL-10 ir IL-12 koncentracijos pokyčiai gimdos kaklelio nuoplovose (vietinis imunitetas) susiję su Th1 ir Th2 limfocitų funkcija ir priklauso nuo infekuotumo ŽPV. / This study analyses the impact of HPV infection for antioxidative state of pregnant woman, and the response of local immunity to this infection. In order to achieve this aim the following goals were: to determine HPV infection in pregnant women; to determine it’s types; to compare infection between first and third trimesters of pregnancy; to study the antioxidative system state during pregnancy due to HPV infection; to study interleukins (IL-10 and IL-12), which show local immunity, concentration changes during pregnancy due to HPV infection. Considering a high morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer in Lithuania, our established HPV infection in pregnant women and identified types of this virus enabled us to determine changed of HPV infection during pregnancy in high risk cervical cancer population. Also there is possibility to compare obtained data with that from authors in other countries. It is established, that women develop oxidative stress during pregnancy, and that its level did not depend on HPV infection. Changes of IL-10 and IL-12 concentrations in cervicovaginal washing fluid (local immunity) are related to Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes function, and depend on HPV infection.

Title: Jurisdictional Immunity of States Abstract The major purpose of this diploma thesis is to clarify the situation of jurisdictional immunity and immunity from enforcement measures of states. This thesis is composed of two main parts. In the first part the institute of jurisdictional immunity of states is explained. The first part is divided into several chapters which are dedicated to the specific aspects of jurisdictional immunity. The first chapter deals with the theoretical terms which are closely related the topic such as sovereignty of state and jurisdiction. It was also necessary to explain the difference between the state acts iure imperii and iure gestionis. The following chapter is dedicated to the explanation of the historical evolution of this institute documented by the most significant decisions of national courts which have strongly influenced forming of the state immunities. The legal sources are described in the following chapter, a special attention is paid to the international treaties, national legal acts and also to the situation in the Czech Republic. The last chapter of the first part deals with the exceptions from jurisdictional immunity. The second part of the thesis is focused on the topic of state immunity from enforcement measures. This institute is a secondary immunity of...

Diplomatic privileges and immunities of bodies and workers of the EU institutions Le sujet de ce travail est de présenter des privilèges et immunités concernant l'Union européenne en tant qu'organisation internationale, ses fonctionnaires, agents et autres personnes susceptibles d'agir dans son intérêt. À la différence des immunités des États, accordées à ces derniers au nom de leur égalité souveraine, les immunités des organisation internationales se justifient exclusivement par leur caractère fonctionnel. Elles visent en effet à assurer à l'organisation une certaine autonomie et une indépendance indispensables à l'efficacité de son action. L'Union alors jouit des privilèges et immunités nécessaires à l'accomplissement de sa mission. Le document servant de base juridique, dans lequel les privilèges et immunités de l'UE sont définie , est le Protocole du 8 avril 1965 sur les privilèges et immunités des Communautés européennes. Ce dernier a été révisé au 1er décembre 2009 par le traité de Lisbonne. L'UE remlace ainsi, par ce traité, la Communauté européenne, ainsi duquele Protocole sur les privilèges et immunités des Communautés européennes, qui devient le Protocole sur les privilèges et immunités de l'Union européenne. Ce Protocole concerne l'UE, ses organes, les représentants des États...

This work deals with the person and period of Přemysl Otakar I and above all with the Bohemian church, which at this time was fighting for its independence. I attempt here to describe Přemysl's achievement of a great success in the form of the Golden Bull of Sicily. I also address the ecclesiastical struggle that Bishop Ondřej conducted with the king. This whole struggle between church and state culminated in great privileges issued to the church by Přemysl Otakar I. In this work I describe both these successes, ecclesiastical and statebuilding. I approach this struggle from the position of the church and from the position of the state and in conclusion I summarise the impact the result of this struggle had on the Bohemian church. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

In my diploma thesis I deal with a question about contemporary and future role of the honorary consular offices and officers. I compare their position with the position of the career consular offices and officers. Among main variables which I follow in my thesis belong the rights and the immunities, the functions and the distinctions in the essence of two consular classes of officers. To achieve my goal I used beside traditional methods also questionnaire designed for honorary consuls of the Slovak republic.

Changes of immune parameters induced by intraamnial inflammation Abstract Intraamniotic infection plays an important role in the etiology of preterm birth and can lead to a serious threat to fetal health. The diagnostic approach is based on direct microbiological detection of an infectious agent or indirect detection by determining various biomarkers, which concentration increases during intraamniotic infection. Due to the nature of the infection, these parameters are determined from amniotic fluid, which makes this diagnosis difficult for both the doctor and the mother and routinely unavailable. The dissertation comments the published results of a scientific team whose aim was to identify suitable markers of infection, determine their concentration in amniotic fluid and test their diagnostic potential in cervical fluid, ie biological material that can be collected non- invasively. Amniotic and cervical fluid samples were taken from women with singleton pregnancies with preterm labor and that were complicated by intraamniotic inflammation and infection in part of the cohort. It was found that among the tested molecules there is a statistically higher concentration of calreticulin, cathepsin G, CD11b, FcgammaBP and MIP1α in amniotic fluid during intraamniotic infection. Significantly higher levels of...

Immunity in criminal law Abstract This thesis aims to offer the reader a view of the institution of parliamentary imunity as it relates to criminal law. This topic frequently divides both the experts in criminal law and also the general public. Despite the fact that most of the time this legal issue is talked about with respect to the constitutional law it has an impact on criminal law, both the substantive criminal law and the procedural criminal law. The complexity of this topic is self-evident and opinions vary greatly across the field, which is one of the reasons why this topic is sought out quite frequently by many students who approach it from various angles. The work is structured in a way to familiarise the reader with the necessary knowledge even if the reader is not an expert in law, but who is, for example, interested in the topic from a political perspective. The thesis covers the basic introduction to the topic, historical evolution of the institution including the legal transformations all the way up to the date this work has been finalised, squaring this institute with the basic principles of democratic state and a comparative analysis of this institute in other European countries. Important part of this thesis is dealing with specific uses of the parliamentary imunity. The conclusion of this...

The thesis covers the privileges and immunities provided to diplomatic agents in order to facilitate the performance of their functions. The main source of law is the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations which has been signed at the end of the Vienna Conference on 18th April 1961 and remained unchanged even after 50 years in force. It reflected the previous codification attempts as well as the existing practice of the contractual states and established rules that together with the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations represent the basis in the field of diplomatic and consular law. The aim of the thesis is to describe particular privileges and immunities of the diplomatic agents, evaluate their applicability on the current diplomatic practice and consider whether the Vienna Convention represents a suitable regulation of the modern diplomatic relations. Examining both the practice of national courts and the International Court of Justice it is shown how the practice has changed over the past 50 years. The thesis covers the limits of such privileges and immunities, points out the possibilities of their abuse and presents examples of conflicts that arise in the current diplomatic practice. The thesis first deals with theoretical issues - it provides definitions of the diplomatic privileges and...

The thesis describes privileges and immunities provided to offices of diplomatic missions in order to facilitate carrying out international relations. The key legal document regulating diplomatic privileges and immunities is the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations which commemorated 50 years of its existence this year - since it was signed on 18 April 1961 after the Vienna Conference. The aim of the thesis is to describe the contents of the individual privileges and immunities and to consider to which extent the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations represents a suitable legal instrument even for the needs of the today's practice of diplomatic relations. First the thesis deals with general issues related to ensuring diplomatic privileges and immunities, theories which justify their necessity and selected provisions of the Vienna Convention. This is followed by an analysis of the individual privileges and immunities of a diplomatic mission - the right to display a flag, the inviolability of mission premises, the inviolability of mission archives and documents, tax privileges and the freedom of communication.