Guppies exhibit color based sexual dimorphism and females generally prefer the most colorful males. It has also recently been found that guppies possess a large opsin repertoire. As opsins are the receptors responsible for color vision, this ten gene repertoire might have contributed to the evolution of extravagant male coloration in this species. My study starts by characterizing the opsin repertoire of Jenynsia onca, a noncolorful relative of the guppy belonging to the family Anablepidae (sister group to Poeciliidae, of which the guppy is a member). A PCR based survey indicated that J. onca had a very similar opsin repertoire to the guppy; J. onca had nine genes including orthologs of all but one of the guppy opsins. To gain further insight into the origin of the guppy repertoire, a bioinformatics based survey of ray-finned fish opsins was undertaken. This revealed that large opsin repertoires are common in ray-finned fish and are the product of gene duplication events, spanning the age of the taxon Teleostei. Given that the large opsin repertoire of the guppy did not appear to be perfectly correlated with the evolution of color based sexual selection in this lineage, I turned to investigating the expression of this opsin repertoire. In situ hybridization was used to characterize the pattern of opsin expression across the surface of the retina of adult male and female guppies. In situ hybridization demonstrated that most opsin genes had distinct expression profiles. These expression patterns also indicated that sensitivity and discrimination in the dorsal retina might differ from the ventral retina; the ventral retina appears to be tuned to middle-wavelength light (green), while the dorsal retina is predicted to have exceptional wavelength discriminatory ability and broad spectral sensitivity. This expression data was then used to evaluate models of sexual selection in the context of the predicted visual capacity of the guppy. / Graduate

Submitted by ROBERTO PAULO CORREIA DE ARAÚJO (ppgorgsistem@ufba.br) on 2016-08-30T16:56:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Máilla Rebouças Viana dissertação pdf.pdf: 1628670 bytes, checksum: 0f14f7eed7546953dae78ed1447bf742 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-30T16:56:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Máilla Rebouças Viana dissertação pdf.pdf: 1628670 bytes, checksum: 0f14f7eed7546953dae78ed1447bf742 (MD5) / INTRODUÇÃO: A Leucemia Mielóide Crônica (LMC) é uma doença mieloproliferativa crônica caracterizada pela presença do cromossomo Philadelphia (Ph). Este cromossomo, observado por técnicas citogenéticas convencionais, é resultante da translocação t(9;22)(q34;q11) que justapõe o rearranjo BCR-ABL, observado por técnicas moleculares. A detecção desse cromossomo ou do rearranjo é fundamental, pois não somente contribui para o diagnóstico, mas também interfere no acompanhamento e no sucesso da terapia utilizada. O rearranjo BCR-ABL possui atividade tirosina quinase elevada, o que levou ao desenvolvimento de novos fármacos inibidores desta ação, conhecidos como inibidores de tirosino quinase (TKI). OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi demonstrar a importância da utilização da técnica de citogenética molecular (Fluorescent in situ Hybridization - FISH) aliada a citogenética clássica no monitoramento de pacientes com LMC em terapia com TKI, no Estado da Bahia. METODOLOGIA: Foram analisadas amostras de medula óssea de 20 pacientes com LMC, em tratamento com TKI, encaminhados ao Serviço de Genética Médica do Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, utilizando as técnicas de citogenética clássica e FISH. RESULTADOS: Resultados obtidos demonstraram que o cromossomo Ph foi observado em 15%, com a citogenética clássica, e o rearranjo BCR-ABL em 90%, com a citogenética molecular. Outro ponto importante foi que em alguns casos o resultado só foi possível com a técnica molecular, pois a técnica convencional não foi suficiente pela impossibilidade na análise das metáfases, devido a fatores como falta de crescimento celular. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica de FISH demonstrou maior sensibilidade nos casos que a citogenética clássica não detectou o cromossomo Ph, entretanto as duas técnicas foram fundamentais para os resultados obtidos por apresentarem vantagens e desvantagens em relação à outra e, portanto, devem ser usadas de maneira complementar no monitoramento de pacientes com LMC em tratamento com TKI.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-10-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:33:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ds_me_araca.pdf: 824748 bytes, checksum: a5191c74f89f8870aa31a3483beae50a (MD5) / O tumor venéreo transmissível canino (TVTC) é uma neoplasia transmitida entre cães saudáveis pelo contato direto de pele e/ou mucosas lesionadas. Face aos escassos estudos relacionados aos eventos celulares envolvidos nas fases de crescimento do TVTC, o presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar a presença do gene TP53 e o RNAm referente a proteína codificada, além de detectar a expressão das proteínas p53, Bcl-2 e p63 em cortes histológicos de 13 amostras de TVTC. Com relação à evolução da neoplasia, 46% das amostras foram consideradas em fase de progressão e 54% no estágio de regressão. Foram utilizadas as técnicas de hibridização in situ (ISH) e RT-PCR in situ, que demonstrou a presença do DNA homólogo ao TP53 e seu respectivo RNAm em 92,30% das amostras. A expressão das proteínas p53, p63 e Bcl-2 foram detectadas em 50%, 70% e 100% das amostras, respectivamente. A p63 foi expressa de forma evidente nas amostras em regressão, porém a p53 e a Bcl-2 não apresentaram relação com o estágio evolutivo do tumor e provavelmente não podem ser analisados como fatores de prognóstico do TVTC. Observou-se, nesse estudo que, através das técnicas de ISH e RT-PCR in situ foi possível detectar o DNA do TP53 e seus transcritos, porém esse fato não significou a transcrição da p53, devido aos baixos níveis de expressão nas análises quantitativa e qualitativa nas amostras de TVTC / The canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is transmitted by direct contact of skin or mucosal presenting lesions. In fact, few reports have been found describing the cellular immune response related to the evolution of the tumor. The objective of this study was to identify the TP53 gen and its transcription in CTVT in different stages of evolution, collected from dogs (N=13) examined at veterinary school, UNESP, Aracatuba, SP, Brasil. In addition, it was also evaluated the expression of p53, p63 and Bcl-2 in histological sections by the use of immunohistochemystry assay. The p53, p63 and Bcl-2 were evident in 50, 70 and 100% of analyzed samples. Regarding to tumor evolution, 6 out of 13 were considered in a progressive stage (46%), was list 7 out of 13 were classified in a regressive stage (54%). The use of in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in situ (RT-PCR), revealed that TP53 was present in all samples and P63 was more expressed than p53. Take all results together, the real role of those marker are extremely important to understand the biological behavior and to improve therapeutic procedures for CTVT

O Brasil atualmente ocupa a nona posição entre os maiores produtores de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) do mundo. O desenvolvimento das plantas e a produção dos tomateiros, no entanto, podem ser afetados por diversos problemas fitossanitários, entre os quais aqueles causados por vírus. Atualmente, entre as viroses que mais tem se destacado estão aquelas causadas por espécies dos gêneros Begomovirus, Crinivirus e Tospovirus. Entre os begomovirus, especial atenção tem sido dada ao Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV), pois tem sido a espécie prevalente na maioria das regiões produtoras de tomate no país. Esse begomovirus, que até o momento foi relatado somente no Brasil, é transmitido pelo aleirodídeo (\"mosca branca\") Bemisia tabaci biótipo B, numa relação persistente circulativa. 8Estudos da relação do ToSRV com esse aleirodídeo indicaram períodos mínimos de acesso à aquisição e inoculação de 5 minutos. Esse trabalho teve como objetivos: a) identificar o menor tempo de alimentação da B. tabaci biótipo B para a aquisição do ToSRV em tomateiros e b) identificar possíveis sítios de aquisição do ToSRV em tecido foliar de tomateiro via microscopia de luz de epifluorescência por hibridização in situ. Insetos livres de vírus foram confinados em folha de tomateiro infectado com o ToSRV durante 1, 3 e 5 minutos e 24 h (controle) para a aquisição do vírus. Parte dos insetos foi utilizada para a detecção do vírus no vetor, enquanto a outra parte foi usada em testes de transmissão do ToSRV para tomateiros. A detecção do vírus no inseto e nos tomateiros foi feita por PCR. B. tabaci biótipo B foi capaz de adquirir o ToSRV nos diferentes tempos de alimentação. Os insetos foram capazes de transmitir o vírus para tomateiros, com eficiência de 33% a 100%. Análises de cortes histológicos longitudinais na região das nervuras de folhas de tomateiro infectados com o ToSRV, em microscopia de luz de epifluorescência por hibridização in situ, revelaram vários pontos de fluorescência localizados nas células do parênquima do floema, incluindo as células companheiras e nas células da epiderme. Essa fluorescência não foi constatada em tecido sadio. A localização do ToSRV em células do parênquima foliar do tomateiro, associada ao conhecimento de que esse aleirodídeo efetua picadas de prova intracelulares, de curta duração, durante o processo de penetração intercelular do estilete, podem explicar a aquisição deste begomovirus durante curtíssimos períodos de alimentação. / Brazil currently ranks ninth position among the largest tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) producers in the world. Several diseases, including those caused by virus, however, can affect plant growth and yield of tomatoes. Currently, among the most important virus diseases are those caused by species of the Genus Begomovirus, Crinivirus and Tospovirus. Among the begomoviruses, especial attention has been given to Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV), because it has been the prevalent species in most of the tomato producing regions of the country. This begomovirus, which so far has only been reported in Brazil, is transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci biotype B, in a persistent circulative relationship. Studies on the virus-vector relationship indicated five minutes as the minimum period of access for virus acquisition and inoculation by the vector. This study aimed to: a) identify the shortest feeding period of B. tabaci biotype B for acquisition of ToSRV in tomato plants, and b) identify possible ToSRV acquisition sites in infected leaf tissue via epifluorescence light microscopy by in situ hybridization. Virus free insects were confined in tomato leaf infected with ToSRV during 1, 3 and 5 minutes and 24 hours (control) for virus acquisition. Part of the insects was used for virus detection in the vector, while the other part was used on ToSRV transmission tests for tomato plants. Virus detection in both, insect tomato plants, was carried out by PCR. B. tabaci biotype B was capable to acquire the ToSRV on the different feeding times. The insects were capable to transmit the virus to the tomato plants, with efficiency of 33% to 100%. Analysis of longitudinal histological cuts of ToSRV infected leaves, in epifluorescence light microscopy by in situ hybridization, revealed several fluorescence spots located in phloem parenchyma cells, including the companion and the epidermal cells. Fluorescence was not verified on healthy tissue. The location of ToSRV in parenchyma cells of tomato leaf, associated with the knowledge that this insect performs very short intracellular feeding probes, during the process of intercellular penetration of the stylet, may explain the acquisition of this begomovirus during very short feeding periods.

Abstract 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17HSDs) catalyze the interconversion of high-activity 17β-hydroxysteroids and low-activity 17-ketosteroids. In the present study, the mRNA of the 17HSD type 1 and 2 enzymes, catalyzing opposite reactions of estrogen metabolism, was analyzed in normal and malignant breast and gastrointestinal tract by in situ hybridization. Further, the activities of these enzymes were measured in normal and adenomatous intestinal cell lines. Markers of the main mesenchymal cell types were also used to study the cell-type specific expression of the 17HSD type 2 enzyme in the gastrointestinal tract. The mRNA of the 17HSD types 1 and 2 was expressed in normal breast tissues of premenopausal, but not postmenopausal women. In breast cancer, varied mRNA expressions of the enzymes were seen in both groups of women. Variable mRNA expressions of the reductive 17HSD type 5 enzyme were also seen in breast cancer tissues. Patients with tumors expressing 17HSD type 1 mRNA had significantly shorter overall survival and disease-free interval than those without 17HSD type 1 expression, suggesting that inhibition of the enzyme may be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancers. In normal gastric tissues, 17HSD type 2 mRNA was expressed mainly in the surface and foveolar epithelium. Expression was weak or absent in glandular epithelium. Gender did not have any effect on expression, but there was a decrease with increasing age. Chronic gastritis was associated with decreased expression, while upregulation was observed in intestinal metaplasia. In gastric malignancy, downregulation was observed in most specimens. 17HSD type 2 mRNA was expressed mainly in absorptive epithelia cells and the upper parts of crypts in normal intestinal tissues. In the lamina propria, expression was detected in endothelial cells and mononuclear phagocytes. In colon cancer, the enzyme was downregulated in most, but not all cases. 17HSD type 1 and 2 activity measurements in normal and colon cancer cell lines showed a predominant oxidative activity. Northern analysis also revealed the transcript for the 17HSD type 2 enzyme. Female subjects had significantly more colon cancers with high 17HSD type 2 mRNA than males; however, low 17HSD type 2 mRNA expression was associated with survival in females with cancer of the distal colon and rectum. These data indicate the presence of gender- and location-related differences in the pathogenesis of colon cancer and suggest that low 17HSD type 2 mRNA expression is a marker of a favorable prognosis.

abstract: Spatial resolved detection and quantification of ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules in single cell is crucial for the understanding of inherent biological issues, like mechanism of gene regulation or the development and maintenance of cell fate. Conventional methods for single cell RNA profiling, like single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) or single-molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization (smFISH), suffer either from the loss of spatial information or the low detection throughput. In order to advance single-cell analysis, new approaches need to be developed with the ability to perform high-throughput detection while preserving spatial information of the subcellular location of target RNA molecules. Novel approaches for highly multiplexed single cell in situ transcriptomic analysis were developed by our group to enable single-cell comprehensive RNA profiling in their native spatial contexts. Reiterative FISH was demonstrated to be able to detect >100 RNA species in single cell in situ, while more sophisticated approaches, consecutive FISH (C-FISH) and switchable fluorescent oligonucleotide based FISH (SFO-FISH), have the potential for whole transcriptome profiling at the single molecule sensitivity. The introduction of a cleavable fluorescent tyramide even enables sensitive RNA profiling in intact tissues with high throughput. These approaches will have wide applications in studies of systems biology, molecular diagnosis and targeted therapies. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Chemistry 2019

Silver nitrate staining, a rapid and efficient method, has proven to be excellent for nucleolar organizing region (NOR) studies in fish. Some fish appear to have only two NOR-bearing chromosomes in their karyo-type, whereas others probably have several. In the present study we analyzed the NORs of Leporinus friderici, a species that, on the basis of previous studies, has been considered as representative of species with NORs carried by a single chromosome pair. The analyses were performed by a combination of three methods, i.e. silver nitrate staining, staining with the GC-specific fluorochrome chromomycin A3, and in situ hybridization with digoxigenin-labeled probes. The results showed that, although more frequent and conspicuous in a single chromosome pair, the NORs of this species are present in multiple chromosomes. Intra- and inter-individual variations observed by the three methods strongly suggest the occurrence of post-zygotic modifications involving NORs. NOR identification in fish, almost exclusively performed by the silver nitrate method, is currently being re-evaluated by methods such as chromomycin A3 staining and in situ hybridization, which may provide important information leading to a better understanding of chromosome evolution in these animals.

Recent data suggest novel functional roles for cerebellar involvement in a number of neurologic diseases. Function of cerebellar neurons is known to be modulated by norepinephrine and adrenergic receptors. The distribution of adrenergic receptor subtypes has been described in experimental animals, but corroboration of such studies in the human cerebellum, necessary for drug treatment, is still lacking. In the present work we studied cell-specific localizations of α1 adrenergic receptor subtype mRNA (α1a, α1b, α1d), and α2 adrenergic receptor subtype mRNA (α2a, α2b, α2c) by in situ hybridization on cryostat sections of human cerebellum (cortical layers and dentate nucleus). We observed unique neuron-specific α1 adrenergic receptor and α2 adrenergic receptor subtype distribution in human cerebellum. The cerebellar cortex expresses mRNA encoding all six α adrenergic receptor subtypes, whereas dentate nucleus neurons express all subtype mRNAs, except α2a adrenergic receptor mRNA. All Purkinje cells label strongly for α2a and α2b adrenergic receptor mRNA. Additionally, Purkinje cells of the anterior lobe vermis (lobules I to V) and uvula/tonsil (lobules IX/HIX) express α1a and α2c subtypes, and Purkinje cells in the ansiform lobule (lobule HVII) and uvula/tonsil express α1b and α2c adrenergic receptor subtypes. Basket cells show a strong signal for α1a, moderate signal for α2a and light label for α2b adrenergic receptor mRNA. In stellate cells, besides a strong label of α2a adrenergic receptor mRNA in all and moderate label of α2b message in select stellate cells, the inner stellate cells are also moderately positive for α1b adrenergic receptor mRNA. Granule and Golgi cells express high levels of α2a and α2b adrenergic receptor mRNAs. These data contribute new information regarding specific location of adrenergic receptor subtypes in human cerebellar neurons. We discuss our observations in terms of possible modulatory roles of adrenergic receptor subtypes in cerebellar neurons responding to sensory and autonomic input signals, and review species differences in cerebellar adrenergic receptor expression.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and digital imaging microscopy were modified to allow detection of single RNA molecules. Oligodeoxynucleotide probes were synthesized with five fluorochromes per molecule and the light emitted by a single probe was calibrated. Points of light in exhaustively deconvolved images of hybridized cells gave fluorescent intensities and distances between probes consistent with single mRNA molecules. Analysis of β-actin transcription sites after serum induction revealed synchronous and cyclical transcription from single genes. The rates of transcription initiation and termination and mRNA processing could be determined by positioning probes along the transcription unit. This approach extends the power of FISH to yield quantitative molecular information on a single cell.

No description available.