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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Autosomal Dominant Leukodystrophy with Autonomic Symptoms and Rippling Muscle Disease : Translational Studies of Two Neurogenetic Diseases

Sundblom, Jimmy January 2011 (has links)
There is a large variety of diseases caused by single-gene mutations. Although most of these conditions are rare, together they impose a significant burden to the population. This thesis describes clinical and genetic studies of two single-gene diseases: 1) Adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy with autonomic symptoms (ADLD) caused by LMNB1 gene duplications, and characterized by autonomic, pyramidal and cerebellar symptoms. Spinal cords of patients with ADLD were studied by MRI and found to be thin, with high signal intensity in white matter. Histopathology showed loss of myelinated fibres with some reactive gliosis. DNA samples from four different families with ADLD were obtained, and the LMNB1 gene was screened for duplications. Single nucleotide polymorphism array revealed LMNB1 duplications in all ADLD families. LMNB1 mRNA and protein levels were assessed in white blood cells using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, and increased levels of LMNB1 mRNA and lamin B1 protein could be demonstrated. We concluded that spinal cord atrophy in patients with ADLD is a valuable differential diagnostic sign, and that increased levels of LMNB1 can be detected in peripheral blood. 2) Rippling muscle disease (RMD) is caused by CAV3 gene mutations. Clinical features are percussion-induced muscle mounding, –rapid contractions and undulating muscle contractions (rippling). The CAV3 gene was sequenced in 38 members of a family with RMD. Twenty-two individuals had clinical features of RMD. No muscle weakness was seen. All patients with signs of RMD carried the p.A46T CAV3 mutation, showing that the p.A46T mutation was benign and that the diagnosis can be made clinically. In vitro contracture test results from 10 of the subjects were collected, but no association between pathological test results and RMD was found.
2

Avaliação do perfil psiquiátrico de pacientes com mucopolissacaridoses

Assumpção, Tatiana Malheiros 12 November 2013 (has links)
As mucopolissacaridoses (MPS) são um grupo de doenças metabólicas hereditárias causadas pela deficiência de enzimas lisossomais específicas, que causam alterações físicas e/ou comportamentais crônicas e progressivas. Um fenótipo comportamental é um padrão característico de observações motoras, cognitivas, linguísticas e sociais consistentemente associado a uma condição biológica. Tal fenótipo pode ser um transtorno mental ou outras características de comportamento não necessariamente associadas a transtornos. No caso específico das mucopolissacaridoses, embora haja diversos relatos na literatura sobre as altas taxas de ocorrência de problemas de comportamento na síndrome de Sanfilippo (MPS III), muito pouco é conhecido sobre as características comportamentais das outras entidades (MPS I, II, IV, VI e VII). Este trabalho pretendeu avaliar e descrever as alterações psiquiátricas encontradas em 22 pacientes com MPS atendidos em três serviços de genética clínica (4 MPS I, 5 MPS II, 1 MPS III, 4 MPS IV, 7 MPS VI, 1 MPS VII). As avaliações foram feitas através de instrumentos específicos, traduzidos e validados para nossa população, a saber: K-SADS PL, ATA, CARS, CGAS; e um instrumento traduzido, mas ainda sem validação brasileira: Escalas de Comportamento Adaptativo de Vineland. Os resultados mostraram que esses indivíduos apresentam altas taxas de transtornos mentais ao longo da vida, comportamento adaptativo deficitário e funcionamento global prejudicado. Além disso, observou-se um grande impacto familiar da doença, abandono escolar por falta de condições de acesso e de preparo da própria escola, grande dependência dos indivíduos avaliados e sobrecarga de um único cuidador, geralmente a mãe. Também ficou evidente o peso trazido pelo próprio tratamento, traduzido em uma recusa em aceitar novas propostas clínicas oferecidas. Concluiu-se que a população estudada é altamente vulnerável dos pontos de vista pessoal, familiar e social, sendo necessários mais estudos para seu melhor conhecimento e elaboração de programas e políticas de atendimento mais direcionados para suas necessidades / Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of hereditary metabolic diseases caused by deficient lysossomal enzymes, that lead to progressive physic and/or behavioral abnormalities. A behavioral phenotype is a characteristic pattern of motor, cognitive, linguistic and social observations, consistently associated to a biological condition. That phenotype may be a mental disorder or other behavioral characteristics not necessarily associated to any specific disorder. Referring to MPS, altohugh there are several descriptions of high ocurrence of behavioral problems in patients with Sanfilippo Syndrome (MPS III), the knowledge about behavioral characteristics of the other types of MPS is scarce. This work intended to analyse and describe psychiatric alterations in 22 patients with MPS from three services of medical genetics. Evaluation was made using specific instruments, translated and validated for use with brazilian population: K-SADS-PL, ATA, CARS, CGAS; and one instrument translated but not validated for brazilian population: Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Results showed high lifetime prevalence of mental disorders, deficient adaptive behavior, and poor global functioning. Besides, it was observed intense familiar impact, high drop out rates from school, highly dependent individuals, and excessive burden for the caretaker. It was also evidenced the burden of the treatment itself. The conclusion was that this population is extremely vulnerable, and that it is necessary the realization of more studies for the better understanding of its specific necessitites
3

Avaliação do perfil psiquiátrico de pacientes com mucopolissacaridoses

Tatiana Malheiros Assumpção 12 November 2013 (has links)
As mucopolissacaridoses (MPS) são um grupo de doenças metabólicas hereditárias causadas pela deficiência de enzimas lisossomais específicas, que causam alterações físicas e/ou comportamentais crônicas e progressivas. Um fenótipo comportamental é um padrão característico de observações motoras, cognitivas, linguísticas e sociais consistentemente associado a uma condição biológica. Tal fenótipo pode ser um transtorno mental ou outras características de comportamento não necessariamente associadas a transtornos. No caso específico das mucopolissacaridoses, embora haja diversos relatos na literatura sobre as altas taxas de ocorrência de problemas de comportamento na síndrome de Sanfilippo (MPS III), muito pouco é conhecido sobre as características comportamentais das outras entidades (MPS I, II, IV, VI e VII). Este trabalho pretendeu avaliar e descrever as alterações psiquiátricas encontradas em 22 pacientes com MPS atendidos em três serviços de genética clínica (4 MPS I, 5 MPS II, 1 MPS III, 4 MPS IV, 7 MPS VI, 1 MPS VII). As avaliações foram feitas através de instrumentos específicos, traduzidos e validados para nossa população, a saber: K-SADS PL, ATA, CARS, CGAS; e um instrumento traduzido, mas ainda sem validação brasileira: Escalas de Comportamento Adaptativo de Vineland. Os resultados mostraram que esses indivíduos apresentam altas taxas de transtornos mentais ao longo da vida, comportamento adaptativo deficitário e funcionamento global prejudicado. Além disso, observou-se um grande impacto familiar da doença, abandono escolar por falta de condições de acesso e de preparo da própria escola, grande dependência dos indivíduos avaliados e sobrecarga de um único cuidador, geralmente a mãe. Também ficou evidente o peso trazido pelo próprio tratamento, traduzido em uma recusa em aceitar novas propostas clínicas oferecidas. Concluiu-se que a população estudada é altamente vulnerável dos pontos de vista pessoal, familiar e social, sendo necessários mais estudos para seu melhor conhecimento e elaboração de programas e políticas de atendimento mais direcionados para suas necessidades / Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of hereditary metabolic diseases caused by deficient lysossomal enzymes, that lead to progressive physic and/or behavioral abnormalities. A behavioral phenotype is a characteristic pattern of motor, cognitive, linguistic and social observations, consistently associated to a biological condition. That phenotype may be a mental disorder or other behavioral characteristics not necessarily associated to any specific disorder. Referring to MPS, altohugh there are several descriptions of high ocurrence of behavioral problems in patients with Sanfilippo Syndrome (MPS III), the knowledge about behavioral characteristics of the other types of MPS is scarce. This work intended to analyse and describe psychiatric alterations in 22 patients with MPS from three services of medical genetics. Evaluation was made using specific instruments, translated and validated for use with brazilian population: K-SADS-PL, ATA, CARS, CGAS; and one instrument translated but not validated for brazilian population: Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Results showed high lifetime prevalence of mental disorders, deficient adaptive behavior, and poor global functioning. Besides, it was observed intense familiar impact, high drop out rates from school, highly dependent individuals, and excessive burden for the caretaker. It was also evidenced the burden of the treatment itself. The conclusion was that this population is extremely vulnerable, and that it is necessary the realization of more studies for the better understanding of its specific necessitites

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