Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1973. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

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M.Com. / The income tax provisions relating to foreign currency transactions was the subject of this study. Uncertainty prevailed regarding the tax treatment of such transactions in years of assessment ending before 1 January 1994. In order to address these shortcomings, a new section, governing the tax treatment of foreign currency transactions in years of assessment on or after 1 January 1994, was introduced into the Act. In the first part of the study, the historical legislation was analysed. The legislation, as it was then applied, was explained and problem areas and areas of uncertainty, discussed. It has been shown that the historical legislation was inadequate and that there was a need for the new comprehensive legislation was justified. The second part of the study covers the new legislation. The new provisions are analysed in detail and their practical application was illustrated by means of examples. It is shown that the new legislation has made a vast improvement to the historical situation and that the areas of uncertainty have been eliminated. The current legislation is also critically analysed and it was found that, except for a few minor points of criticism, the legislation had succeeded in it's aim to bring certainty to this area in our tax law.

Income inequality has been showing a steady increase for past decades and will be worsened in the future (Piketty, 2014). One of the most important factors to explain the worsening income inequality can be aging. Previous studies on aging focus on its impact on traditional issues such as health, retirement, and economic growth. This study finds the direct relationship between aging and income inequality using the vector autoregressive (VAR) model (Blanchard and Quah, 1989). The VAR model is useful to analyze the long-run response of aging on income inequality. The empirical results will verify the negative impact of aging on income inequality in the U.S. The governmental efforts to reduce the negative impact of aging on health care and pensions could delay the worsening income inequality.

<p> An important problem existing in Canada today is that of unequal regional economic development. It is a basic problem of some regions having more and other regions having less. </p> <p> In a country where economic growth is quite often viewed as an accumulation of regional economies, it is important to identify the inequalities that exist between and within these regions. Of the numerous forms of economic disparities, income is generally considered the most prevalent. </p> <p> The majority of research performed on this topic of regional income disparities tends to deal with either regional productivity levels or regional income distribution and redistribution. </p> <p> This study however, is concerned with disposable income levels that exist throughout and within Canada's regions, in an attempt to determine that the quality of life is not equitable across these regional boarders. The main observations of the study were that, definite disparities exist not only between Canada's regions but, within them as well. Also, that metropolitan areas of the country experience a better quality of life, based on calculated welfare statistics, than do non-metropolitan areas. Finally, it was evident that Canada's economic disparities in most recent years have remained relatively constant. </p> / Thesis / Bachelor of Arts (BA)

This thesis sets forth a guaranteed minimum income proposal which would close part of the "poverty gap"--the gap between the income of poor families and individuals and the income they need in order to maintain a standard of living above the poverty level. The proposal, called negative rates income taxation, combines into a single program the giving and taking of income by the federal government. The negative income tax proposal is distinguished from other guaranteed income programs in two primary respects: (1) the focus on filling part of the poverty gap, that is, a marginal tax rate (negative) of less than 100 per cent; and (2) the emphasis upon income in relation to family size in determining whether an individual or family is eligible for allowances. This means that the benefits of the plan are income-based rather than being based upon such present characteristics as age(OASI), occupation (farm price supports), status (veterans benefits), etc. The scope of the thesis attempts to cover the various subjects related to the negative income tax, although this is an almost impossible task. For example, subjects such as early utopian ideas, past federal legislation, and present socio-economic problems are related to the concept of the proposal, Also, the principles of negative taxation, the cost and administration of the plan. and economic results of the plan are vital to appraising its applicability. / Master of Science

Legislative changes in the 1980s and 1990s have meant that non-state pensions are becoming increasingly important in pension provision in Britain. The introduction of Approved Personal Pension Plans (APPS) as a legal second-tier pension option has meant that potential pension alternatives have increased and now consist of SERPS, occupational pension schemes and APPS. These alternatives are not, however, similarly beneficial. Occupational pensions are usually by far the better option. It is precisely because women have been disadvantaged in occupational pensions in the past that so many older women live in poverty today. Using secondary analysis of the General Household Survey for 1988-90 the research shows that women of employable age are less likely to have occupational pensions or personal pension plans than men and this is largely because of the impact of childcare responsibilities on their labour market positions. However, the generally disadvantaged position of women in the labour market means even women without caring responsibilities are disadvantaged in pension welfare. In addition the research demonstrates that differences among women in relation to labour market variables as well as ethnicity, marital status and child dependency status means that women cannot be treated as an homogeneously disadvantaged group, and consequently some women are more disadvantaged than others in their pension provision. Interviews with 45 women aged 40-59 reveal that, for the women interviewed, although most women wanted an independent pension income, many could not afford, or were ineligible for, their desired schemes. The research also shows that married women cannot, even if they wanted to, rely on husbands for financial welfare in pensionable years as a polarisation of couples between those where both have a pension and where neither has a pension means that women are less likely to have a pension if their husband does not have a non-state pension. The research concludes that women's poverty in older age will increase, as concentration on non-state pension provision means that women will be increasingly disadvantaged.

Does the way people earn money affect their economic decisions? The main contribution of this thesis is to provide new evidence that the way people earn money affects their decision-making. Standard economic theory generally assumes that money is fungible – that is, each unit of money is a perfect substitute for another. Fungibility thus predicts that source of income should have no influence on individual decision-making. On the other hand, Prospect theory determines the value of same prospect as gain or loss relative to the reference point. Prospect theory predicts a significant source of income on individual decision-making if source of income shifts the reference point. This thesis has focused on investigating whether source of income affects (a) individual risk-preference, which governs individual decision-making under risk; and (b) individual time-preference, which governs individual intertemporal decision-making. From a series of real-effort laboratory experiments, I find that subjects are more risk-averse and more patient concerning hard-earned money than with easily earned money consistent with Prospect theory and loss aversion.

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