Cette thèse se situe dans le domaine de la théorie des nombres. Elle traite de la transcendance et de l'indépendance algébrique de valeurs de fonctions mahlériennes définies sur des corps de fonctions de caractéristique p>0. La problématique de cette thèse est l'établissement de l'équivalence entre l'indépendance algébrique de valeurs de fonctions mahlériennes aux points algébriques et celle des fonctions elles-mêmes. L'une de nos motivations est l'observation fructueuse de L. Denis selon laquelle il est possible en caractéristique non nulle de déformer des nombres remarquables (périodes de modules de Drinfeld) comme valeurs de fonctions mahlériennes. Nous démontrons notamment que toute relation algébrique homogène entre valeurs, en un point algébrique non nul régulier, de solutions d'un système mahlérien engendrant une extension régulière, provient de la spécialisation d'une relation algébrique homogène entre les fonctions elles-mêmes. Il s'agit de l'analogue de travaux de P. Philippon et de B. Adamczewski et C. Faverjon et d'un raffinement d'un théorème fondamental de Ku. Nishioka, dans le cas où K est un corps de nombres. Ainsi, l'étude de l'indépendance algébrique des valeurs de fonctions mahlériennes se ramène à celle des fonctions elles-mêmes. Cependant, contrairement à la caractéristique nulle, une fonction mahlérienne algébrique n'est pas nécessairement rationnelle et la transcendance de fonctions mahlériennes dans ce contexte demeure encore mystérieuse. Néanmoins, nous établissons que cette dichotomie reste valide pour les fonctions d-mahlériennes, où p ne divise pas d. Par ailleurs, nous démontrons un théorème de type Kolchin qui fournit une condition suffisante à l'indépendance algébrique de fonctions mahlériennes d'ordre 1 inhomogène ainsi qu'une caractérisation de la transcendance de telles fonctions. Enfin, au-delà de ces résultats qualitatifs, nous nous intéressons aux mesures d’indépendance algébrique entre valeurs de fonctions mahlériennes en caractéristique non nulle et proposons une approche, inspirée de travaux récents de E. Zorin en caractéristique nulle, qui permettrait d’obtenir de tels résultats quantitatifs / This thesis is part of Number Theory. It deals with transcendence and algebraic independence of values of Mahler functions over function fields of characteristic p>0. The starting point of this thesis is to prove the equivalence between algebraic independence of values of Mahler functions at algebraic points and that of the functions themselves. One of our main motivations is the fruitful observation due to L. Denis that it is possible to reach special numbers (periods of Drinfeld modules) as values of Mahler functions in positive characteristic. We show that every homogeneous algebraic relation between values of solutions of Mahler systems, which generate regular extensions, at nonzero algebraic regular numbers, arises as specialization of an homogeneous algebraic relation between the functions themselves. This is the analogue of the work of P. Philippon and B. Adamczewski and C. Faverjon, and a refinement of a fundamental theorem from Ku. Nishioka, when K is a number field. Thus, the study of algebraic independence between values of Mahler functions turns into that between the functions themselves. But algebraic Mahler functions over function fields of positive characteristic are not necessarily rational, contrary to the number fields case. Transcendence of Mahler functions in this framework still remains mysterious. Nevertheless, we state that this dichotomy is still valid for d-Mahler functions, when p does not divide d. Moreover, we prove a Kolchin theorem that provides a sufficient condition for algebraic independence of inhomogeneous Mahler functions of order 1, along with a characterization of the transcendence of such functions. Finally, we are interested in algebraic independence measures of values of Mahler functions in positive characteristic. We suggest an approach, based on a recent work of E. Zorin in characteristic zero, which would give such qualitative results in our context

This work is trying to establish and answer three questions about the concept of Intermarium: Which concepts of the Intermarium that were formed in the past, are still relevant in modern geopolitical circumstances? What political conditions force the country to become a potential participant of the Intermarium? What minimal number of countries is sufficient enough for membership in the Intermarium to provide its effective activity in the political arena? The questions are answered through the implementation of a comparative method. The chosen method is applied to the selected states of the specified region on the basis of two selected cases that correspond to analogical situations in the history of these countries and resulted in the birth of the concept of the Intermarium as one of the possibilities for solving the political crisis in the historical period, which is chosen for the case. This work with case studies will allow the researcher to obtain a high level of conceptual validity as well as to evaluate the indicators that fully explain the theoretical concepts. Since certain internal and external factors such as political system, political culture, state power, economic independence, defensive capabilities, cultural and historical mentality, membership in international organizations are...

The right to a lawful judge Abstract This thesis deals with the basic subjective right to a lawful judge. Its basis consists of analysis of the constitutional and statutory provisions (formal aspect) and their interpretation in the context of merits of the right to a lawful judge (material aspect). The research question of this thesis is as follows: "Are the statutory provisions (or tables of duties) and practices of courts in the Czech Republic aligned with principles and purpose of the basic right to a lawful judge?" General, basic and theoretical issues of the right to a lawful judge such as its nature as a basic subjective right, the scope of its addressees or relation to the right to a due process in line with Article 36 paragraph 1 of the Charter of fundamental rights are analyzed in the second chapter. Findings of this analysis are used to demonstrate the purpose for which the right to a lawful judge was included in the Charter of fundamental rights as well as the implications for independence of the judiciary and procedural rights of parties to the proceedings. Origin of the right to a lawful judge is subsequently explained by a short recourse in chapter three which deals with several historical periods which are most often linked to the necessity of the right to a lawful judge. A deeper analysis of...

The Diploma Thesis deals with the topic of Factors influencing the unsuccessful inclusion of children from children's homes into their independent life. At the theoretical level existing knowledge concerning institutional education are summarized as well as the knowledge about factors influencing the integration process of children from children's homes into their independent life. The work aims to find and to name the factors which according to the opinion of children themselves caused them to be unsuccessful in the entering of the independent life. Another aim of the fork is to find out whether it is possible to propose any recommendations leading to elimination of the factors. The aims of the work were achieved through a qualitative research survey in which seven children told their life story. They left Children's home Dolní Počernice more than a year ago. At the same time their entry into the independent life could be qualified as unsuccessful according to the chosen criteria. It was find out that the factors influencing the unsuccessful inclusion of children from Children's homes into the independent life according to the children themselves include - return to their original families, lack of funds, absence of employment and housing and lack of staff support. Based on these findings,...

When building enterprise applications that need to be accessed through a variety of client devices, developers usually strive to implement most of the business logic device-independently while using a web browser to display the user interface. However, when those web-based front-ends shall be rendered on different devices, their differing I/O capabilities may require device-specific interaction patterns that still need to be specified and implemented efficiently. We present an approach for specifying the dialog flows in multi-channel web interfaces with very low redundancy and introduce a framework that controls web interfaces’ device-specific dialog flows according to those specifications, while keeping the enterprise application logic completely device-independent.

In this thesis, we aim to unveil potential relation between gold in the reserves of central banks and the independence of these institutions. As a reaction to several statements of central bank representatives, we assume that gold might be a determinant of central banks' independence. Following these statements, the key contribution of this thesis was defined: to verify these declarations and the general belief of gold's role within central banks' reserves in the relation to their independence, using empirical data. For that purpose, we examine panel data consisting of information from 145 countries between years 1970 and 2012. As for the control variables, economic variables such as GDP per capita, inflation, exchange rate regime, current account to GDP and broad money and political variables from the range of word governance indicators are employed. The regression results of basic model obtained by fixed effects estimation suggest that, indeed, there might be a significant effect of share of gold on the central bank independence index. However, as the results imply negative relation, we cannot confirm if the effect is real due to endogeneity problem. Moreover, the effect of gold reserves on the central bank independence was not confirmed when employing a different estimation technique -...

In order to complement existing empirical research on democratic consolidation in Kenya and the role of the judiciary in particular, this mini-­‐dissertation analyses the relationship between judicial appointment processes and judicial independence in Kenya. The escalation of corruption, centralisation and abuse of power by the executive, the lack of government accountability and post-­‐election conflict of 2007 is linked to the dominance of the executive and corresponding subservience of the judiciary. Historically, judicial appointments have been the ambit of the President. The powers given to the President to appoint and remove judges have resulted in judicial appointments premised on allegiance to the executive rather than on upholding justice and the Bill of Rights. To rectify this deficiency, the 2010 Constitution has introduced a merit based system of judicial appointments that meets international standards on judicial independence. The new process requires the President to limit his appointments to the recommendations of a Judicial Service Commission whose responsibility it is to shortlist candidates through a transparent public process. An analysis of the selection of Kenya’s sitting Chief Justice and Deputy Chief Justice demonstrates that the reformed judicial appointment process has delegitimised the executive’s dominance over the judiciary and by so doing has placed Kenya on the road restoring judicial independence. / Dissertation (MPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / gm2014 / Centre for Human Rights / unrestricted

No description available.

Datum: 2022-05-30 Nivå: Magisteruppsats Företagsekonomi, 15 hp Akademi: Akademin för Ekonomi, Samhälle och Teknik, Mälardalens Universitet Författare: Sofie Eriksson (94/04/20)  Frida Tjärnström (96/03/05) Titel: Medarbetares förändrade självständighet och möjlighet till beslutfattande vid hybridarbete - En fallstudie med mixad metod om hur självständigheten och möjligheten till beslutsfattande hos individer inom organisationers försäljningsfunktion förändras vid skiftet till hybridarbete Handledare: Magnus Linderström Nyckelord: Organisationsförändring, hybridarbete, beslutsfattande och självständighet Forskningsfråga: Hur upplever chefer och medarbetare att medarbetares självständighet och möjlighet till beslutsfattande förändrats vid skiftet till hybridarbete? Syfte: Syftet med denna fallstudie genom organisationers försäljningsfunktion var att få en djupare förståelse för den organisationsförändring som skett vid övergång till hybridarbete. Detta med ett fokus ur ett självständighets- och beslutsperspektiv på individnivå. Metod: Studien använder en fallstudiemetodik med mixad metod. Till det empiriska materialet genomfördes fem intervjuer med fem olika försäljningschefer och sedan har en enkät skickats ut till dessas medarbetare. Resultatet analyserades sedan genom en tematisk analys. Slutsats: Det framkom flera faktorer som påverkar medarbetarnas självständighet och möjlighet till beslutfattande, bland annat kommunikation, chefens påverkan och att alla var införstådda i det som hände inom organisationen. Vidare konstaterades det att cheferna ansåg att medarbetarna blivit mer självständiga vilket medarbetarna själva delvis höll med om. Det fanns däremot en gemensam upplevelse att medarbetarnas beslutsfattande ökat. / Date: 2022-05-30  Level: Master thesis in Business Administration, 15 cr. Institution: School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen                      University  Authors: Sofie Eriksson (94/04/20) Frida Tjärnström (96/03/05) Title: Employees' changed independence and opportunity for decision-making in hybrid work - A case study with a mixed method on how the independence and opportunity for decision-making in individuals within organizations' sales function changes when switching to hybrid work Supervisor: Magnus Linderström  Keywords:Organizational change, hybrid work, decision-making and                            independence Research questions:How is the employees' independence and opportunity for decision    making impacted by the shift towards hybrid work, according to managers and their employees? Purpose: The purpose of this case study through organizations' sales function was to gain a deeper understanding of the organizational change that took place during the transition to hybrid work. This with a focus from an independence and decision-making perspective at the individual level. Method: The study uses a case study methodology with a mixed method. In          addition to the empirical material, five interviews were conducted with five different sales managers and then a questionnaire was sent out to their employees. The result was then analyzed through a thematic analysis. Conclusion: Several factors emerged that affect employees' independence and            ability to make decisions, including communication, the manager's influence and that everyone understood what was happening within the organization. Furthermore, it could be stated that the managers considered that the employees had become more independent, which the employees themselves partly agreed with.There was, however, a common experience that employees' decision-making increased.

After Berlin Conference in 1884 to 1885, Somalia was partitioned into five parts by Britain, Italy, and French. In 1960 two parts gained independence and formed the Somali Republic, and since then successive Somali governments sought to incorporate the other three parts of Somali territories under Ethiopia, Kenya and French Somaliland known as Djibouti into Greater Somalia.The aim of this study has been to explore and analyze the causes, and the impact of the Somalia’ irredentism on political stability in Somalia. In more specifically, the main objective has been to critically examine how Somali irridentism policy has been pursued, what challenges faced and how it has affected the political stability of the post-colonial Somali state from 1960 to 1990.The analysis presented in this study has shown that the causes of Somali irredentism are combined factors that helped rise Somali irredentism. The analysis has argued that Somalia’s quest for irredentism policy had a huge impact on Somalia’s political stability, including, but not limited to, creating enemies and alienating allies from neighbouring countries to western and eastern blocs, as well as interstate conflict with Ethiopia which ended with Somalia defeat. Finally, Somalia’s defeat, which resulted from irredentism’s venture, caused disunity among the national army, refugee crisis, financial burden and the rise of armed opposition movements that finally ousted the military regime led by Siad Barre. This was followed by state collapse and protracted civil war.