Cette thèse vise à comprendre l’émergence de l’édition indépendante au Chili depuis le tournant des années 1990. Coïncidant avec le retour vers la démocratie, elle incarne la confrontation entre deux logiques d’internationalisation du marché du livre au niveau mondial : l’une s’inscrivant dans la concentration du marché de l’édition autour de multinationales ; l’autre se nourrissant du capital symbolique accumulé et valorisé au gré d’alliances internationales entre petits éditeurs. Dans cette dernière, il est question de la fabrication de l’indépendance comme stratégie de résistance collective. S’appuyant sur la catégorie de la diversité culturelle et la place du livre « produit pas comme les autres », ces éditeurs ont construit des passerelles entre l’Amérique latine, le Canada et la France - qui leur ont permis d’acquérir une reconnaissance auprès des agences publiques chiliennes dans le champ de la culture, tout en produisant des réaménagements de l’espace éditorial plus vaste. L’étude de ce répertoire d’actions permet de comprendre les ressorts de la reconnaissance politique de ce petit groupe d’éditeurs, qui leur a permis d’assurer leur survie économique au plan national et international face aux logiques néolibérales des multinationales de l’édition et aux contraintes du cadre transitionnel vis-à-vis du livre et de la lecture. / This thesis aims to understand the emergence of independent publishing in Chile since the turn of the 1990s. Coinciding with the return to democracy, this type of publishing is characterized by a confrontation between two different internationalization rationales in the global book market. One rationale is part of the process of concentration of the publishing market around multinationals. The other, is nourished by the symbolic capital accumulated and valued through international alliances between small publishers. In this last rationale, internationalization is about the fabrication of independence as a strategy of collective resistance. Based on the category of cultural diversity and the idea of the book "a product like no other", small publishers have built bridges between Latin America, Canada and France, which have enabled them to gain recognition from Chilean public agencies in the field of culture, while at the same time producing changes in the wider editorial space. The study of this repertoire of actions allow us to understand the political recognition of this small group of publishers, as a mechanism that enabled them to ensure their economic survival at the national and international levels, against the neoliberal logic of multinational publishing companies and the constraints of the transitional framework vis-à-vis books and reading.

The diploma thesis Printed Independent Magazines in Post-Digital Age tries to discover the motivation of editors-in-chief/art directors for creating a printed, independent magazine in Central Europe and at the same time how these magazines are influenced by post-digital trends. It uses a qualitative method of Grounded Theory based on data from semi-structured interviews. In the practical part of the research, nine authors from Austria, Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary were approached. From the total number of respondents, data was obtained from seven of them. In the theoretical part, the work is focused on the history of independent print, in terms of technological changes in the printing field and it defines the term "printed independent magazine". The main contribution of the work is a mapping of the Central European independent magazine scene, which has not been thoroughly examined in any academic work yet. The text puts this scene in the international context, and it points out the certain specifics which are associated with Central Europe.

The diploma thesis Printed Independent Magazines in Post-Digital Age tries to discover the motivation of editors-in-chief/art directors for creating a printed, independent magazine in Central Europe and at the same time how these magazines are influenced by post-digital trends. It uses a qualitative method of Grounded Theory based on data from semi-structured interviews. In the practical part of the research, nine authors from Austria, Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Hungary were approached. From the total number of respondents, data was obtained from seven of them. In the theoretical part, the work is focused on the history of independent print, in terms of technological changes in the printing field and it defines the term "printed independent magazine". The main contribution of the work is a mapping of the Central European independent magazine scene, which has not been thoroughly examined in any academic work yet. The text puts this scene in the international context, and it points out the certain specifics which are associated with Central Europe.

This dissertation thesis deals with electronic self-publishing of literary fiction, i.e. its publishing by the authors themselves, without involving publishers. Support from big technology companies led to unprecedented growth of this type of publishing in the 2010s and electronic self-publishing has in some countries become one of the standard ways of publishing. In spite of its expansion, electronic self-publishing is affected by many problems. The most prominent one is comparatively lower quality of many independently published e- books, mainly caused by limited knowledge of the publishing process from the side of the authors, many of which are not proper acquainted with publishing practices. The activities that should an independent author perform during the publishing process are the same as those performed by a publisher. Due to complicated character of some of these activities, many independent authors outsource them to other parties, or do not perform them at all. In the Czech Republic, electronic self-publishing is relatively undeveloped. It is true that there has probably been hundreds or thousands e-books published independently and that the number of downloads of these books is in hundreds of thousands copies. On the other hand, majority of this literature is offered for free or for...

Orientador: Mônica Cristina de Moura / Resumo: As transformações ocorridas no país nas últimas décadas influenciaram mudanças em vários aspectos da cultura, incluindo o meio editorial. Diante disso, surgiu um movimento autoproclamado independente, propondo novas práticas para o consumo e produção de livros, e que se desenvolve apresentando elementos relacionados às características do design contemporâneo. Portanto, esta pesquisa dedica-se a observar os livros independentes, porém, aqueles cuja composição material, estrutural, gráfica, imagética e suas narrativas textuais adotem essas concepções experimentais e envolvam as reflexões contemporâneas em sua confecção e modus operandi. Discute-se a experimentação, o hibridismo, a relação com o artesanal, a valorização da estética, os aspectos da autoria, da memória e da relação com o leitor/usuário. Destacam-se, também, os diálogos entre design gráfico e editorial e as possibilidades transdisciplinares entre design, arte e literatura e outros campos de conhecimento, assim como as dinâmicas oriundas desse cenário diante de questões sociais em contraste com a cultura de consumo. O método adotado compreende o mapeamento das feiras, entrevistas realizadas com diferentes profissionais distribuídos pelo país e o desenvolvimento de análises por meio das funções do design. Os referenciais teóricos abrangem tanto as bases que compõem a teoria do design enquanto linguagem quanto as relações estabelecidas com a filosofia, a sociologia e a arte, buscando atender aos objetivos da pesquisa:... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The occurred transformation in the country had in the last few decades influenced changes in some aspects of the culture, including the editorial environment. In view of this, emerge a publisher movement self-proclaimed independent, considering new practical for the consumption and book production. This movement has developed with elements related of contemporany design. Therefore, this research dedicates to observe it independent books; however, those whose material, structural, graphical, imagery composition and its literal narratives adopt these experimental conceptions and involve the reflections contemporaries in its confection and mode of operation. It is discussed the experimentation, the hybridsm, the handmade, the relation with the artisan one, aesthetic appreciation, aspects of authorship, memory and the relationship with the reader/user. They are distinguished also the dialogues between design graphical and publishing and the transdisciplinary possibilities between design, art and literature and other fields of knowledge, as well as the dynamics derived from the social issues of this scenarios, in contrast to the consumption culture. The adopted method understands the mapping of the fairs of independent publications, interviews carried through with different professionals distributed for the country and the development of analyses by means of the functions of design. The theoretical framework ranges from design theory as the language itself to intersections with ph... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

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