Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Texas, Dec., 2009. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Virginia, 1965. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 532-555).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 190-200). Also available on the World Wide Web.

This thesis explores three topics relating to price transmission in economic theory. The broad aim is to understand the price adjustment processes of the domestic and export coconut markets of Sri Lanka during the 1980 to 2012 period. The three topics investigated were the changing role of coconut oil exports due to changes in the global oil markets. Second the functioning of the domestic district coconut markets and finally the impact of the tsunami 2004 on the coastal district coconut markets. The analytical framework for the study is the economic theory of the Law of One Price. The first issue was examined using cointegration, vector error correction and impulse response methodologies. To address the function of the domestic district coconut markets at wholesale, retail and vertical levels Hansen and Seo econometric model was used. To test the effects of the tsunami on the coastal district coconut markets and to assess whether “rockets and feathers” phenomenon rose as a result of the tsunami Enders and Siklos econometric model was applied. The results confirmed that cointegration pattern of vegetable oils in the international market changed with the emergence of bio fuel around 2000. Cointegration of coconut oil with other oils also did change with the emergence of biofuel. The results of the domestic market showed that Colombo market was cointegrated with district coconut markets. . The results of market structures at all levels showed mixed results with more symmetrical markets at wholesale level and more asymmetric markets at the vertical level Results of the impact of tsunami showed that markets were disrupted unevenly with highest disruption in the vertical markets due to tsunami. The tsunami does not seem to have lead to rocket and feather phenomenon.

La pêche au thon indonésienne a souffert d'un problème de gestion dû à des statistiques de pêche incomplètes et peu fiabilité, ce qui entraîne un manque de compréhension de la dynamique des populations de thonidés de la région. Le gouvernement de l'Indonésie a lancé un programme de développement de l'infrastructure pour l'océanographie spatiale (INDESO) afin d'aider à la gestion et au suivi des ressources marines du pays. Une application du projet concerne les pêcheries thonières avec l'objectif ambitieux de modéliser en temps réel et avec des prévisions de quelques jours les distributions et abondances de trois espèces de thonidés: thon obèse, albacore et bonite. Le modèle utilisé est SEAPODYM (modèle spatial d'écosystème et de dynamique de population). La présente thèse traite uniquement du thon obèse et a trois objectifs majeurs: la préparation d'un ensemble de données de pêche géoréférencées, la production de conditions initiales pour la configuration du modèle régional INDESO et la simulation de la dynamique régionale des populations. L'ensemble de données sur les captures et les efforts de pêche géoréférencés du thon obèse de l'océan Indien a été standardisé selon cinq procédures: standardisation de la résolution spatiale, conversion et standardisation des unités de capture et d'effort, recalage des captures géo-référencées au niveau des captures nominales, et détection des principaux changements de capturabilité sur de longues séries temporelles de données sur la pêche.. L'ensemble de données de prises géoréférencées standardisées couvre les deux tiers de la capture nominale totale en raison du manque de références géographiques pour plusieurs flottilles de pêche. Le modèle régional a été configuré en trois étapes: paramétrage du modèle à résolution grossière sur une longue période historique, " downscaling " et paramétrage de la configuration globale opérationnelle et " downscaling " vers le modèle régional opérationnel. La première étape a permis de paramétrer le modèle sur le Pacifique puis l'Océan Indien sur une période de trente-neuf ans à une résolution mensuelle de 2°, permettant d'établir les conditions initiales de la population pour la deuxième configuration, à partir de 1998 et à une résolution hebdomadaire 1/4°. Cette deuxième configuration du modèle a nécessité une méthode de " downscaling " pour réviser le paramétrage et obtenir la même solution malgré quelques différences dans le forçage physique. Ce modèle opérationnel global a ensuite fourni des conditions initiales de la population et des conditions aux frontières ouvertes pour les flux de poissons traversant les frontières régionales du modèle INDESO (1/12 ° de résolution quotidienne). L'ensemble des données de pêche standardisées dans l'océan Indien a été utilisé pour inclure la mortalité par pêche et valider l'optimisation réalisée dans l'océan Pacifique. Les résultats des simulations de modèles suggèrent que le thon obèse est distribué en concentration plus élevée dans l'océan Indien Nord (au nord de 20 °S), avec une extension à travers le canal du Mozambique et le long d'un prolongement vers l'est entre 35 ° et 40 ° S. Les configurations du modèle opérationnel (mondial et régional) utilisent la production primaire nette (VGPM) et la profondeur euphotique dérivées des données satellitaires, ainsi que les cartes mensuelles climatologiques de l'oxygène dissous provenant de l'Atlas Mondial des Océans (WOA) comme forçages biogéochimiques. Une simulation régionale utilisant le modèle INDESO biogéochimique PISCES comme forçage alternatif aux produits dérivés des satellites a été testée. Les résultats préliminaires montrent que, une fois la production primaire PISCES ajustée à la valeur moyenne VGPM, les deux produits donnent des résultats similaires, ce qui suggère que des prévisions à plus long terme basées sur le modèle biogéochimique physique couplé peuvent être proposées. / The Indonesian tuna fishery has suffered from a management problem due to incomplete and less reliability of tuna data leading to lack of understanding about tuna population dynamics in its region. The government of Indonesia initiated the Infrastructure Development of Space Oceanography (INDESO) programme to support marine resource management and monitoring of the Country. One application concerns the tuna fisheries with a challenging objective of real-time and forecast modeling of three tuna species biomass distributions: bigeye, yellowfin and skipjack. The model used is SEAPODYM (Spatial Ecosystem and Population Dynamics Model). The present thesis is dealing with bigeye tuna only, and had three major objectives: the preparation of a geo-referenced fishing dataset, the production of initial conditions for the regional INDESO model configuration, and the simulation of regional population dynamics. The georeferenced fishing catch and effort dataset of the Indian Ocean bigeye tuna was standardized throughout five procedures: standardization of spatial resolution, conversion and standardization of catch and effort units, raising of geo-referenced catch to nominal catch level, screening and correction of outliers, and detection of major catchability changes over long time series of fishing data. . The standardized geo-referenced catch dataset covers two-third of total nominal catch due to lack of geographic references for several fishing fleets. The regional model was configured along three steps: the parameterization of coarse resolution model over a long historical period, the downscaling and parameterization of operational global configuration, and the downscaling to the operational regional model. The first step provided model parameterization over the Pacific and Indian Ocean for thirty-nine years period at 2° monthly resolution, allowing to establish initial conditions of the population for the second configuration starting in 1998 at resolution 1/4° weekly. This second model configuration required a downscaling method to revise the parameterization and achieve the same solution despite some differences in the physical forcing. This global operational model provided initial conditions of the population and open boundary conditions (OBCs) constraining the fluxes of fish through the regional borders of INDESO model (1/12° daily resolution). The standardized Indian Ocean fishing dataset was used for including fishing mortality and validate the optimization achieved in the Pacific Ocean. Model simulation outputs suggest that bigeye is distributed in higher concentration in the North Indian Ocean (north of 20°S), with an extension through the Mozambique Channel and along an eastward prolongation between 35° and 40°S.. The operational model configurations (global and regional) are using VGPM net primary production and euphotic depth derived from satellite data, and climatological dissolved oxygen monthly maps from the World Ocean Atlas (WOA) as biogeochemical forcings. A regional simulation using the INDESO biogeochemical PISCES model forcing as an alternative to the satellite derived products was tested. The preliminary results show that once the PISCES primary production is scaled to the VGPM mean value, both products provide similar results, suggesting that longer time scale forecast based on the coupled physical biogeochemical model can be proposed.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Sponges are functionally important and ubiquitous components of the global marine benthos. South Africa accounts for roughly 4% of the global marine sponge diversity, comprising 374 described species and seven varieties/forms, with elevated apparent endemism (59.3%). However, an estimated 900 sponge species are thought to be undescribed, and much work is needed to update and expand our knowledge of the South African sponge fauna. The Amathole region is situated offshore of the Amathole District, around the city of East London, on the south-east coast of South Africa.

This dissertation examines the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century history of the Aedes aegypti mosquito and the viral illnesses chikungunya and dengue from the Indian Ocean port town of Durban, South Africa. Histories of Ae. aegypti and yellow fever in the Atlantic World occupy an unmistakable niche in medical and environmental historiographies. Studies of this mosquito at home in Africa and abroad in the Indian Ocean World are lacking. This dissertation addresses that lacunae. A globally integrated industrial economy, mushrooming urban growth in tropical and subtropical regions, absent or overwhelmed municipal water supplies, faster forms of transportation, and rising levels of interconnection increase the likelihood of epidemics of viral illness transmitted by Ae. aegypti. Durban offers a vantage point to examine these transformations during the era of the New Imperialism. The Ae. aegypti mosquito casts Durban as the southwest corner of the Indian Ocean rimlands; East Africa’s southernmost urban center; and a humid subtropical settler society port and sugar region perched on the edge of ‘Neo-Europe.’ Facing the Indian Ocean World, I argue that explosive pandemics during the mid-1820s and early 1870s—traditionally attributed to dengue—were more likely chikungunya. Further, the absence of similar pandemics attributable to dengue suggests that virus was already endemic in the region’s leading ports, an indirect indication of Ae. aegypti’s presence in the region. This contests hypotheses suggesting this mosquito reached Asia via the Suez Canal. In Durban, epidemics of chikungunya and dengue during the 1870s reflect the port town’s connection to the Indian Ocean World and signal the presence of human-biting Ae. aegypti. I argue that clearing coastal forest for sugar production and town-building destroyed the ecological niche of indigenous sylvatic Ae. aegypti, while the agroecology of sugar and built environment of early Durban encouraged vector domestication and abundance in intimate proximity to people. Durban’s chikungunya and dengue past is largely forgotten. A study of the city’s history with Ae. aegypti is, therefore, timely. In an era marked by zoonoses and emerging and reemerging infectious diseases environmental histories must grapple with the entangled agencies of human and nonhuman actors—pests, pathogens, and people. / 2023-06-08T00:00:00Z

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Science, 1979. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Bibliography: leaves 67-68. / by Margaret Riggs Sneeringer. / M.S.

Thesis (PhD (Geology))--University of Stellenbosch, 1997. / 1123 leaves printed on single pages, preliminary pages and numbered pages 1-286. Includes bibliography, list of figures and tables and explanation of abbreviations used. / Digitized at 600 dpi grayscale to pdf format (OCR), using a Bizhub 250 Konica Minolta Scanner. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This first comprehensive study of the petroleum geochemistry of the Bredasdorp Basin, and the adjacent Southern Outeniqua Basin, documents the characteristic large number of hydrocarbon shows and the four regionally distinctive marine source rocks. Detailed correlation of reservoired hydrocarbons with source rock bitumens shows that two source rocks have expelled oil in commercial quantities and two others have expelled commercial quantities of wet gas/condensate. In contrast with earlier studies which indicated that thermal 'gradualism' prevailed, this study indicates that the post-rift thermal history of the basin is very complex. Post-rift cool-down is punctuated by periods of rapidly increasing heat flow resulting in much of the maturation being localised in time. These periods of increased heating coincide with regional plate tectonism. The associated thermal uplift and downwarp effects govern the periods of trap formation and control the hydrocarbon migration direction. Migration distances of these hydrocarbons are described and show inter alia that oil migrates no more than -7-10 km but gas migrates regionally. Two regional episodes of meteoric water flushing reduce sandstone cementation in palaeo-highs forming potential reservoirs at specific times. The unusually low salinity of remnants of this water in some sandstones help characterise these two main migration conduits. A highly detailed hydrocarbon correlation scheme derived from gas, light oil and biomarker data has been established which differentiates products of the four active source rocks and helps characterise the oil-oil, oil-source and source-source pairs. It is evident from these correlations that two periods of migration and reservoiring occurred at 50-60 Ma and 0-10 Ma. As a result, source-reservoir plays which characterise certain areas of the basin as predominantly oil or gas prone can be described. These correlations also highlight areas where mixtures of hydrocarbons are common and where some of the early reservoired oil has been displaced to new locations, constituting potential new exploration plays. Source rocks for some of the analysed hydrocarbons have yet to be found and may not even have been drilled to date. One such source rock appears to be located in the Southern Outeniqua Basin, making that area a potential target for further exploration. This study resolved the common heritage of the source rocks and reservoir sandstones which form part of the Outeniqua petroleum system. The hydrocarbon volumes available to this system show that by world standards it is indeed significant. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die groot aantal koolwaterstof voorkomste asook vier streekskenmerkende mariene brongesteentes word in hierdie eerste omvattende studie van die petroleumgeochemie van die Bredasdorp-kom en die aangrensende Suidelike Outeniqua-kom saamgevat. Gedetaileerde korrelasies van die opgegaarde koolwaterstowwe met brongesteente bitumen, dui daarop dat twee van die vier geidentifiseerde brongesteentes olie in kommersiele hoeveelhede uitgeset het. Die ander twee het kommersiele hoeveelhede nat gas-kondensaat uitgeset. In teenstelling met vroeer studies wat daarop gedui het dat termale 'gradualisme' voorgekom het, dui hierdie studie daarop dat die na-riftermale geskiedenis van die kom baie meer kompleks is. Verskeie periodes van versnelde toename in hittevloei het voorgekom in die na-rifse verkoeling. Dit het daartoe gelei dat veroudering plaaslik binne 'n beperkte tydsverloop plaasvind. Hierdie periodes van hittetoename stem ooreen met die regionale plaattektoniek. Die geassosieerde termiese opheffing en afwaartse vervormingseffek, beheer die totstandkoming van opvanggebiede en die migrasierigting van die koolwaterstowwe. Migrasie-afstande van die koolwaterstowwe word bespreek en wys inter alia daarop dat olie nie verder as -7-10 km beweeg nie, maar gasmigrasie vind regionaal plaas. Twee kort episodes van meteoriese wateruitsetting, het sandsteensementasie in palaeohoogsliggende gebiede verminder wat potensiele reservoirs gevorm het op spesifieke tye. Die ongewone lae soutvlakte van oorblyfsels van die water in sekere sandstene help om die twee vernaamste migrasieroetes te kenmerk. 'n Hoogs omvattende koolwaterstof-korrelasieskema wat van gas, ligte olie en biomerkerdata verkry is, is opgestel. Die skema het onderskei tussen produkte van die vier aktiewe brongesteentes en help om die olie-olie, olie-bron en bron-bron pare te karakteriseer. Dit is duidelik van die korrelasies dat twee periodes van migrasie en opgaring plaasgevind het ongeveer teen -50-60 Ma en 0-10 Ma. Gevolglik kan bronreservoir omskrywings wat sekere dele van die kom karakteriseer as grotendeels olie of gas-ontvanklik beskryf word. Hierdie korrelasies beklemtoon ook areas waar mengsels van koolwaterstowwe algemeen voorkom en waar sekere van die vroeer opgegaarde olie verplaas is na nuwe lokaliteite, wat nuwe eksplorasieteikens daarstel. Brongesteentes vir sekere van die ge-analiseerde koolwaterstowwe, moet nog gevind word en is tot op hede nog nie raakgeboor nie. Een so 'n brongesteente kom voor in die Suidelike Outeniqua-kom, wat daardie area 'n potenslele teiken vir verdere eksplorasie maak. Die studie het die gesamentlike oorsprong van die brongesteente en reservoirsandsteen, wat deel is van die Outeniqua Petroleumsisteem, geidentifseer. Die koolwaterstofvolumes wat beskikbaar is vir die sisteem wys dat, gemeet teen wêreldstandaarde, dit wel beduidend is.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Oceanography in the Faculty of Applied Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology / In order to validate remote sensing products and to provide data for model assimilation, a real-time monitoring line consisting of three moorings was deployed across the Agulhas Current off Port Edward, South Africa. This deployment formed part of a Technology and Human Resource for Industry Programme (THRIP) funded initiative to develop a real-time mooring system capable of measuring ocean parameters in the Agulhas Current during 2011. The slope and offshore moorings displayed a distinct stratified regime within the Agulhas Current, a northeastward flowing Agulhas Undercurrent and the southwestward flowing Agulhas Current. Three major reversal events, with northeastward currents occurred on 23 July, 02 September and on 11 October 2011. All current reversals caused a decrease in current velocity. The Agulhas Undercurrent was a persistent feature and average velocities between the line of moorings ranged between 13.38 cm/s and 15.52 cm/s. The results obtained from the mooring systems were consistent in terms of velocity, direction and hydrographic properties of the Agulhas Current as described in previous literature. The low directional variability in the surface layers at the offshore mooring and dominant southwestward flow, except during reversal events indicate the strong influence of the Agulhas Current in this region. The inshore mooring showed less occurrences of the Agulhas Undercurrent if northward flow in the bottom layers was to be considered as signs of the Agulhas Undercurrent. General current characteristics as well as the characterisation of the mesoscale features affecting the coast off Port Edward was accomplished through the use of the in situ moorings. All current reversals encountered were associated with the process of vortex shedding from the Natal Bight. These events may be related to the shedding of the Durban Cyclonic Eddy from its origin in the Natal Bight. Data from the offshore mooring suggested that for monitoring Agulhas Current core dynamics, it was ideally placed as highest surface velocities were measured by this mooring system. The slope mooring recorded highest velocities within the Agulhas Undercurrent and was thus ideally placed to measure the Agulhas Undercurrent’s core. Shelf dynamics were under the influence of the Agulhas Current and northerly current reversals and were aptly recorded by the inshore mooring which was placed on the continental shelf, close to the shelf break.