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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Implication de la faune domestique et sauvage dans l'épidémie de Chikungunya dans les îles de l'Océan Indien

Punelle, Clément Pasquier, Christophe January 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Reproduction de : Thèse d'exercice : Médecine vétérinaire : Toulouse 3 : 2008. / Titre provenant de l'écran titre. Bibliogr. p. 97-102.
2

Papel das Neutrophil Extracellular Traps no controle da infecção por Chikungunya / Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps on the control of Chikungunya infection

Carlos Hiroji Hiroki 30 October 2018 (has links)
O Chikungunya é um vírus reemergente que causa uma doença caracterizada por uma artralgia incapacitante que afeta milhares de pessoas. A resposta inata contra este vírus é bem descrita pela participação de macrófagos, células dendríticas e células NK, porém há poucos trabalhos que demonstram o papel dos neutrófilos nesta infecção. As Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) constituem uma rede de DNA complexada a enzimas antimicrobianas que foram descritas por combaterem diversos patógenos. Porém, não há trabalhos que demonstram sua importância em infecção por Chikungunya. Nosso objetivo foi investigar se há produção de NETs na infecção por Chikungunya, descrever seus mecanismos e demonstrar sua importância in vitro e in vivo. Observamos que neutrófilos murinos e humanos incubados com Chikungunya são capazes de produzir NETs via Toll-Like 7 e produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio. Estas NETs foram capazes de capturar o vírus e impedir sua infecção in vitro. Mais além, animais infectados com Chikungunya e tratados com rhDNAse apresentam maior carga viral e são mais suscetíveis à infecção, demonstrando sua importância in vivo. Por fim, pacientes diagnosticados em fase aguda de infecção por Chikungunya possuem elevados níveis de NETs correlacionados com uma alta carga viral. / Chikungunya is a reemerging virus which causes a disease characterized by an incapacitanting arthralgia and affects thousands of people. Innate response against this virus is well described by participation of macrophages, dendritic cells and NK cells, however few works demonstrate the roe of neutrophils in this infection. Neutrophils Extracellular Traps are a web of DNA complexed with antimicrobial enzymes which were described for fighting against many pathogens. However, there are no works which demonstrate its relevance in Chikungunya infection. Our objective was to evaluate if there is release of NETs in Chikungunya infection, describe its mechanisms and demonstrate its relevance in vitro and in vivo. We observed that mouse and human neutrophils incubated with Chikungunya are able to produce NETs via Toll-Like 7 and reactive oxygen species production. These NETs were able to capture the virus and inhibit its infection in vitro. Moreover, animals infected with Chikungunya virus and treated with rhDNAse demonstrated higher viral load and are more susceptible to the infection, showing its importance in vivo. Lastly, patients diagnosed during acute infection of Chikungunya infection have high levels of NETs correlated with a high viral load.
3

Papel das Neutrophil Extracellular Traps no controle da infecção por Chikungunya / Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps on the control of Chikungunya infection

Hiroki, Carlos Hiroji 30 October 2018 (has links)
O Chikungunya é um vírus reemergente que causa uma doença caracterizada por uma artralgia incapacitante que afeta milhares de pessoas. A resposta inata contra este vírus é bem descrita pela participação de macrófagos, células dendríticas e células NK, porém há poucos trabalhos que demonstram o papel dos neutrófilos nesta infecção. As Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) constituem uma rede de DNA complexada a enzimas antimicrobianas que foram descritas por combaterem diversos patógenos. Porém, não há trabalhos que demonstram sua importância em infecção por Chikungunya. Nosso objetivo foi investigar se há produção de NETs na infecção por Chikungunya, descrever seus mecanismos e demonstrar sua importância in vitro e in vivo. Observamos que neutrófilos murinos e humanos incubados com Chikungunya são capazes de produzir NETs via Toll-Like 7 e produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio. Estas NETs foram capazes de capturar o vírus e impedir sua infecção in vitro. Mais além, animais infectados com Chikungunya e tratados com rhDNAse apresentam maior carga viral e são mais suscetíveis à infecção, demonstrando sua importância in vivo. Por fim, pacientes diagnosticados em fase aguda de infecção por Chikungunya possuem elevados níveis de NETs correlacionados com uma alta carga viral. / Chikungunya is a reemerging virus which causes a disease characterized by an incapacitanting arthralgia and affects thousands of people. Innate response against this virus is well described by participation of macrophages, dendritic cells and NK cells, however few works demonstrate the roe of neutrophils in this infection. Neutrophils Extracellular Traps are a web of DNA complexed with antimicrobial enzymes which were described for fighting against many pathogens. However, there are no works which demonstrate its relevance in Chikungunya infection. Our objective was to evaluate if there is release of NETs in Chikungunya infection, describe its mechanisms and demonstrate its relevance in vitro and in vivo. We observed that mouse and human neutrophils incubated with Chikungunya are able to produce NETs via Toll-Like 7 and reactive oxygen species production. These NETs were able to capture the virus and inhibit its infection in vitro. Moreover, animals infected with Chikungunya virus and treated with rhDNAse demonstrated higher viral load and are more susceptible to the infection, showing its importance in vivo. Lastly, patients diagnosed during acute infection of Chikungunya infection have high levels of NETs correlated with a high viral load.
4

ASPECTOS CLÍNICOS E SOROLÓGICOS DE INDIVÍDUOS COM SINAIS E SINTOMAS DE FEBRE CHIKUNGUNYA / Clinical and serological aspects of individuals with signs and symptoms of Chikungunya Fever

Koga, Rosemary de Carvalho Rocha 15 March 2017 (has links)
Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-04-27T14:37:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ROSEMARY DE CARVALHO ROCHA KOGA.pdf: 1840064 bytes, checksum: 5be7272271d61789b6dc93e32af0b7a3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-27T14:37:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROSEMARY DE CARVALHO ROCHA KOGA.pdf: 1840064 bytes, checksum: 5be7272271d61789b6dc93e32af0b7a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-15 / Introduction: Chikungunya fever (FCHIK) is a disease of abrupt onset, transmitted by arthropod mosquitoes intermediate hosts of the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). The illness has a significant impact on the quality of life of the affected person. Since a disease causes intense and prolonged symptoms of polyarthralgia and myalgia, it requires health care, during a recovery, more than other arboviruses. The objective of this study was to study clinicians and clinicians suggestive of FCHIK, residing in the States of Amapá and Goiás, aiming to correlate the results of laboratory tests with the presented symptomatology. Materials and methods: The study was carried out at the Center for Immunological Studies and Research of the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, and in Emergency Care Units in the cities of Macapá, Oiapoque and Santana-AP. The study population consisted of 80 individuals with suspected FCHIK and for investigators of inflammatory markers, the control group consisted of 20 blood samples from healthy donors from Goiana Central de Serologia e Imunohematologia. Viral RNA extraction was performed, followed by RNA detection by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. In addition to ELISA for detection of IgM and IgG against Chikungunya virus. Participants symptoms were correlated with serology and Creactive protein (CRP), which was evaluated in healthy subjects and in people with FCHIK. Results: No data presented for detection of viral RNA by RT-qPCR for CHIKV, but three samples were positive in this technique for zika virus and one for dengue subtype 1 (DENV1). In an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 26 samples were positive for IgG and 3 for IgM. Regarding the stage of the disease, 10 were in the acute phase, 04 in the subacute phase and 12 in the chronic phase. Correlated the results of the serology with a symptomatology it was observed that the acute phase, all have fever, 90% headache, 70% arthralgia and 60% edema. (100%), myalgia and edema (75%). (100%), arthralgia (92%) and myalgia (75%). When comparing participants with negative serology, n = 54, the most prevalent symptoms were rash, headache, fever, and arthralgia. The CRP levels in individuals infected with more than four symptoms were higher when compared with healthy individuals. Conclusion: The study focused on people with a clinical picture characteristic of FCHIK. The most common symptom in the three phases presented for arthralgia, followed by edema and myalgia, a fever was frequent only in the acute phase. All participants were negative in the evaluation of viral RNA by RT-qPCR for CHIKV, for the virus has a short duration in the body, and this methodology is limited to the time of symptom onset and sample collection, DENV and ZIKV. IG G. Those with negative serology for CHIKV, despite taking into account the joints, symptoms common to other arboviruses. CRP levels have been shown to be high relative to healthy subjects. / Introdução: A Febre Chikungunya (FCHIK) é uma doença de início abrupto, transmitida por mosquitos artrópodes hospedeiros intermediários do vírus Chikungunya (CHIKV). A enfermidade representa um significativo impacto na qualidade de vida da pessoa afetada. Uma vez que a doença causa sintomas intensos e prolongados de poliartralgia e mialgia, requerendo atenção de saúde, durante a recuperação, mais do que outras arboviroses. Objetivou-se estudar aspectos clínicos e sorológicos de indivíduos apresentando quadro clínico sugestivo de FCHIK, residentes nos Estados de Amapá e Goiás, visando correlacionar os resultados de testes laboratoriais com a sintomatologia apresentada. Materiais e métodos: O estudo foi realizado no Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisa Imunológica da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, em Goiânia, e em Unidades de Pronto Atendimento de Saúde das cidades de Macapá, Oiapoque e Santana-AP. A população de estudo foi constituída de 80 indivíduos com suspeita de FCHIK e para comparar os marcadores inflamatórios, o grupo controle foi constituído de 20 amostras de sangue de doadores saudáveis da Central Goiana de Sorologia e Imunohematologia. Foi realizada a extração do RNA viral, seguido de detecção do RNA por meio de Reação em Cadeia de Polimerase em Tempo Real. Além de ELISA para detecção de IgM e IgG específicos para o CHIKV. Os sintomas dos participantes foram correlacionados com o resultado da sorologia e da proteína C reativa (PCR), que foi avaliada em indivíduos saudáveis e em pessoas com FCHIK. Resultados: Nenhuma amostra apresentou limiar de detecção do RNA viral por RT-qPCR para CHIKV, porém três amostras foram positivas nessa técnica para vírus zika (ZIKV) e uma para dengue subtipo 1 (DENV1). Em ensaio imunoenzimático, 26 amostras foram positivas para IgG e 3 dessas para IgM. Em relação ao estágio da doença, 10 encontravam-se em fase aguda, 04 em fase subaguda e 12 em fase crônica. Correlacionados os resultados da sorologia com a sintomatologia observou-se que os de fase aguda, todos tiveram febre, 90% cefaleia, 70% artralgia e 60% edema. Enquanto que, os de fase subaguda tiveram: artralgia e cefaleia (100%), mialgia e edema (75%). Os de fase crônica tiveram edema (100%), artralgia (92%) e mialgia (75%). Quando comparados os participantes com sorologia negativa, n=54, os sintomas mais apresentados foram exantema, cefaleia, febre e artralgia. Os níveis de PCR nos indivíduos infectados e que apresentavam mais de quatro sintomas foram maiores quando comparados com indivíduos saudáveis. Conclusão: O estudo focou em pessoas com quadro clínico característico para FCHIK. O sintoma mais comum nas três fases apresentadas foi a artralgia, seguido de edema e mialgia, a febre foi frequente somente na fase aguda. Todos os participantes foram negativos na avaliação do RNA viral por RT-qPCR para CHIKV, pois o vírus tem uma curta duração no organismo, e esta metodologia é limitada ao tempo de início dos sintomas e coleta de amostra, ainda assim foi encontrado RNA viral do DENV e ZIKV. Alguns participantes foram positivos para sorologia IgG. Aqueles com sorologia negativa para CHIKV, apesar de terem dor nas articulações, tinham sintomas comuns a outras arboviroses. Os níveis de PCR demonstraram-se elevados em relação aos indivíduos saudáveis.
5

Ensaio imunoenzimático utilizando células infectadas como antígeno para diagnóstico de infecções causadas pelos vírus Zika e Chikungunya / Enzymme immunoassay using infected cells as antigen for diagnosis of infections by Zika vírus and Chikungunya vírus

Silva, Angélica 04 December 2018 (has links)
No Brasil os vírus Zika e Chikungunya vem causando enormes epidemias com grande morbidade e significante mortalidade, tornou-se importante desenvolver métodos diagnósticos eficazes para discrimar suas infecções. No presente trabalho, desenvolvemos ensaios imunoenzimáticos utilizando células de cultura, aedes albopictus pseudo C6/36, infectadas e utilizadas como antígeno viral (EIA-ICC), para diagnósticos de infecções provocadas pelos vírus Zika (ZIKV) e Chikungunya (CHIKV). As placas contendo células infectadas tiveram suas antigenicidades verificadas nos ensaios utilizando anticorpos policlonais oriundo de camundongos hiperimunizados com ZIKV, CHIKV e outros flavivirus e alphavirus. O EIAICC ZIKV detectou anticorpos murinos de forma homotípica, porém reações cruzadas foram encontradas com Dengue 1 (DENV 1), Saint Louis Vírus (SLEV), Rocio Vírus (ROCV) e West Nilo Vírus (WNV). O EIA-ICC CHIKV também detectou anticorpos murinos de forma homotípica e reações cruzadas foram observadas com os Mayaro Vírus (MAYV) e Mucambo Vírus (MUCV). Resultados comparativos de 39 amostras foram realizados no EIA-ICC ZIKV, que demonstrou sensibilidade de 87,5% (IgM) e 100% (IgG) e especificidade de 95,65% (IgM) e 83,33% (IgG). O EIA-ICC CHIKV, teste comparativos entre 59 amostras, demostrou sensibilidade de 64,7% (IgM) e 92,3% (IgG) e especificidade de 40% (IgM) e 96,96% (IgG). Os EIA-ICCs também foram usados para diagnósticos das arboviroses ZIKV e CHIKV em 174 soros de pacientes com doença febril aguda, no EIA-ICC ZIKV foi encontrado 8,13% de IgM, 20,34% IgG e 6,97% de IgG e IgM na mesmo soro, no EIA-ICC CHIKV encontramos IgG em 8,13% dos soros e IgG em 16,86%, soros com anticorpos IgG e IgM nos mesmos foram vistos em 1,74%. Também encontramos em 11 soros anticorpos tanto para ZIKV quanto para CHIKV. Portanto o EIA-ICC ZIKV mostrou para detecção de IgM e IgG, adequadamente sensível e específico para ser validado em estudos com maiores números de amostras e ser aplicados no diagnóstico. O EIA-ICC CHIKV mostrou para detecção de IgG, adequadamente sensível e específico para ser validado em estudos com maiores números de amostras e ser aplicados no diagnóstico. Porém não é indicado para a detecção de IgM / In Brazil, Zika and Chikungunya viruses have been causing huge epidemics with great morbidity and significant mortality. It\'s important to develop effective diagnostic methods to discriminate against their infections. In the present study, we developed immunoenzymatic assays using cultured cells from aedes albopictus C6 / 36 infected and used as viral antigen (EIA-ICC), for diagnosis of infections caused by the Zika (ZIKV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses. Plates containing infected cells had their antigenicities verified in the assays using polyclonal antibodies from mice hyperimmunized with ZIKV, CHIKV and other flaviviruses and alphaviruses. The EIA-ICC ZIKV detected murine antibodies in a homotypic manner, but cross-reactions were found with Dengue 1 virus (DENV 1), Saint Louis virus (SLEV), Rocio virus (ROCV) and West Nile virus (WNV). The EIA-ICC CHIKV also detected murine antibodies in a homotypic manner and cross-reactions were observed with the Mayaro virus (MAYV) and Mucambo virus (MUCV). Comparative results of 39 samples were performed in the EIA-ICC ZIKV, which showed sensitivity of 87.5% (IgM) and 100% (IgG) and specificity of 95.65% (IgM) and 83.33% (IgG). The EIA-ICC CHIKV, a comparative test among 59 samples, showed a sensitivity of 64.7% (IgM) and 92.3% (IgG) and a specificity of 40% (IgM) and 96.96% (IgG). The EIA-ICCs were also used for diagnosis of ZIKV and CHIKV arboviruses in 174 sera from patients with acute febrile illness. In the EIA-ICC, ZIKV found 8.13% IgM, 20.34% IgG and 6.97% IgG and IgM in the same serum, in the EIA-ICC CHIKV we found IgG in 8.13% of the sera and IgG in 16.86%, sera with IgG and IgM antibodies in them were seen in 1.74%. We also found 11 samples positive for both ZIKV and CHIKV. Therefore, the EIA-ICC ZIKV showed for detection of IgM and IgG, adequately sensitive and specific to be validated in studies with larger numbers of samples and to be applied in the diagnosis. The EIA-ICC CHIKV showed for IgG detection, adequately sensitive and specific to be validated in studies with larger numbers of samples and to be applied in the diagnosis. However, it is not indicated for the detection of IgM
6

Interaction between chikungunya and dengue viruses during co-infection in Aedes mosquito cells and in Aedes aegypti mosquito / Interférence entre les virus Chikungunya et Dengue pour l'utilisation de voies cellulaires communes chez les insectes vecteurs lors de co-infection

Enguehard, Margot 11 September 2017 (has links)
Au cours des dernières années, de nombreuses épidémies ont emergé ou ré émergé, et sont causées par des arbovirus (arthropod-borne viruses), des virus transmis à des vertébrés par des insectes piqueurs vecteurs. Avec l'augmentation de la densité humaine dans certaines zones géographiques et le réchauffement climatique qui contribuent à l'expansion géographique des vecteurs, les maladies induites par ces virus (arboviroses) ont un impact de plus en plus important sur la santé humaine et l'économie mondiale. Il est donc déterminant d'augmenter nos connaissances sur les systèmes mis en jeux pour garantir la sécurité sanitaire des populations exposées. Les enjeux actuels reposent aussi bien sur la compréhension des virus que sur la compréhension de l'alternance d'hôtes, directement responsables de l'émergence et la dissémination des agents infectieux. Les moustiques sont des vecteurs majeurs des arbovirus comme la dengue (genre Flavivirus) et le Chikungunya (genre Alphavirus). Transmis par les mêmes moustiques Aedes aegypti et Aedes albopictus, le virus de la Dengue (DENV) est responsable de la plus importante arbovirose en zone tropicale, et le virus Chikungunya (CHIKV) est responsable dans le monde entier de centaines de milliers de cas d'infection, et les épidémies récentes ont touché les pays européens. Ainsi, il a été observé que le moustique Ae. albopictus pouvait porter simultanément CHIKV et DENV, et des cas de co-infections humaines ont été observés en Afrique. Toutefois, bien qu'en théorie les deux virus soient capables d'infecter les mêmes cellules chez l'insecte ou l'homme, il n'y a aucune étude détaillée sur les interactions au niveau cellulaire entre CHIKV et DENV lors de la co-infection d'une cellule. C'est pourquoi il est indispensable d'accroitre nos connaissances sur l'interférence éventuelle entre les virus Chikungunya et Dengue pour l'utilisation de voies cellulaires communes chez les insectes vecteurs et l'hôte humain lors de co-infection / Emergence and geographical extension of dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV) and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses increase simultaneous outbreak in an increasing number of countries. To date, no vaccine or cure have yet been developed against these diseases those cause a tremendous impact on human health and in the economy worldwide. During recent simultaneous outbreaks, up to 12% of patients have been diagnosed to be co-infected by CHIKV and DENV. In addition, it was shown that the mosquitoes Aedes albopictus could carry and transmit simultaneously CHIKV and DENV. However, the pathology, as well as the epidemiology of a pathogen, relies on the interactions between several infectious agents present within an organism or a community in the environment. It is crucial to consider to which extent a host infected by a first microorganism is modified and whether its reaction to the infection by a second microorganism is consequently altered. However, there is no extensive report of Alphavirus-Flavivirus or Flavivirus- Flavivirus interactions. Our global objective is to characterize these co-infections in both mosquitoes and humans, at the cell and molecular level. To this aim, we started this project by performing sequential co- infection in different cell lines from Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti. We found that the permissiveness and production of DENV is enhanced in presence of CHIKV. On the contrary, there is no effect of DENV pre-infection on subsequent CHIKV co-infection. We generalized the synergistic phenomena and we showed that CHIKV pre-infection also increased the infection by DENV-1, DENV-3 and DENV-4, but also by two others re-emerging Flaviviruses, the Yellow Fever Virus (YFV), and the Zika Virus (ZIKV). Remarkably, we succeeded to establish a mosquito model of co-infection of Aedes aegypti mosquito after by different two feedings at 4 days interval. Using this sequential co-infection, we were able to show that a pre-infection of Aedes aegypti by CHIKV increase the level of DENV-2 RNA in salivary glands compare to mono-infected mosquitos. This phenotype is reminiscent of the phenotype we observed in vitro during successive infections. Altogether, our study paves the way to the characterization of molecular interaction between Flaviviruses and Alphaviruses in mosquito in vitro and in vivo. This study can be crucial for a better understanding of disease and epidemiology during simultaneous outbreaks
7

Arboviruses emerging in Peru: need for early detection of febrile syndrome during El Niño episodes

Tantaléan Yépez, Derek, Sánchez-Carbonel, José, Ulloa Urizar, Gabriela, Aguilar Luis, Miguel Angel, Espinoza Morales, Diego, Silva-Caso, Wilmer, Pons, Maria J, Del Valle Mendoza, Juana 07 1900 (has links)
The presence of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) implies the presence of fluctuating rains in coastal areas and these changes influence the occurrence of febrile syndromes outbreaks. In Peru, Aedes aegypti is the vector responsible for various viruses such as the dengue, Zika, chikungunya, which is distributed in 18 Peruvian departments. These viruses cause similar clinical characteristics in the host and for this reason rapid, sensitive and specific diagnostic tests are needed so that the patient can receive timely treatment. / Revisión por pares
8

DIVERSIDADE Genética de Chikungunya no Estado do Espírito Santo

VENTORIM, D. P. 05 March 2018 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T21:35:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_12084_Dissertação_Diego Prado Ventorim.pdf: 2553859 bytes, checksum: 18056a943ffcba4f96c37b60d75fed08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-05 / A febre chikungunya é uma arbovirose altamente debilitante, causada pelo vírus chikungunya, o qual é transmitido pela picada de mosquitos do gênero Aedes. Em 2014 foram registrados os primeiros casos da doença no Brasil, sendo constatada a presença dos genótipos asiático e Leste/Centro/Sul africano do vírus. No final de 2015, pela primeira vez, foram reportados casos no Espírito Santo (ES) e entre 2016-2017 o estado enfrentou um surto da doença. Diante disso, nós, juntamente à Secretaria Estadual de Saúde/ES e ao Laboratório Central/ES objetivamos identificar qual linhagem do vírus circula no ES; analisar características genéticas virais nas amostras estudadas e levantar dados epidemiológicos sobre a doença no estado. As amostras do estudo foram provenientes do Laboratório Central/ES e referentes ao período de março/2016 - dezembro/2017. O diagnóstico viral foi realizado por sorologia ou por técnicas moleculares. Vinte e sete amostras (diagnosticadas molecularmente) foram utilizadas na amplificação parcial e sequenciamento de dois genes codificantes de proteínas do envelope viral, E1 e E2. Seis dessas amostras foram utilizadas nas análises filogenéticas. Os resultados epidemiológicos demonstraram que no período do estudo foram reportados 2.021 casos suspeitos da febre chikungunya, sendo 412 (20,38%) confirmados. Além disso, a distribuição geográfica desses casos constatou que Vitória e Vila Velha representaram mais de 50% de todos os casos do estado. Os achados mostraram que a frequência da infecção pelo vírus chikungunya, em relação ao número de amostras referenciadas ao Laboratório Central/ES, pode ser considerada baixa. No entanto, constatou-se que a doença apresenta relevância epidemiológica e grande distribuição no estado. Os resultados filogenéticos evidenciaram que o vírus circulante pertence à linhagem Leste/Centro/Sul africana, a qual também foi constatada em diversos surtos na Europa, África e Ásia. Além disso, a caracterização molecular dos fragmentos das proteínas E1 e E2 não mostraram a presença das mutações adaptativas E1-K211E; E1-A226V; E2-L210Q e E2-I211T. Esse resultado permite sugerir que o vírus circulante no ES apresenta um potencial de disseminação menor em comparação aos vírus circulantes em grandes epidemias mundiais recentes. Devido à falta de uma vacina e à dificuldade no controle populacional do mosquito vetor, estudos sobre a diversidade genética como este tornam-se alternativas viáveis em busca de melhor entendimento e controle da febre chikungunya no Brasil e, especificamente, no ES.
9

Investigação epidemiológica da infecção pelo vírus chikungunya e sua relção com a doença renal crônica e outras cormobidades

Pinto, Jose Reginaldo 07 December 2018 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-30T00:25:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-12-07 / The northeastern region of Brazil has faced the largest outbreak of the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in its history in the last two years. There are still few studies on kidney involvement in CHIKV infection. The present study analyzes the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of CHIKV in the State of Ceará, Brazil, outlining the profile of the reported cases, investigating the risk factors for death. This is a cross-sectional study including all registered cases of CHIKV in the State of Ceará in 2016-2017, based on the official data of the Health Secretariat of the State of Ceará (SESA-CE). There were 182,731 cases in 2016 and 2017, with a mean age of 32.4 ± 14.6 years and a predominance of females (62%). The clinical picture was characterized by fever (88.6%), headache (72.9%), severe arthralgia (69.5%) and myalgia (65.6%). Among comorbidities, there was a predominance of systemic arterial hypertension (6.9%) and diabetes mellitus (2.9%). CKD was reported in 691 cases (0.3%). Only 3.3% of patients needed hospitalization and only 0.1% died due to infection. The majority of the patients who died were the elderly, the male and the less educated. Independent risk factors for death were: advanced age (OR 7.35, p<0.0001), male gender (OR 2.05, p<0.0001), leukopenia (OR 3.18, p<0.0001), vomiting (OR 2.19, p<0.0001), and comorbidities like hypertension (OR 3.74, p<0.0001), diabetes (OR 3.29, p<0.0001), and chronic kidney disease (OR 3.14, p<0.0001). They also had a significantly higher frequency of diabetes mellitus, hematological disorders, Liver diseases, hypertension, peptic ulcer diseases and autoimmune diseases. Mortality was significantly higher among CKD patients comparing with patients without CKD (3.0% vs. 0.2%, p<0.0001). CHIKV infection may manifest as a serious disease, especially during epidemic periods. Advanced age and low schooling were associated with a higher mortality risk. Leukopenia and vomiting were signs of severity that should be valued by the health team, as well as the presence of comorbidities, especially hypertension, diabetes and kidney disease. / A região nordeste do Brasil tem enfrentado nos últimos dois anos o maior surto de infecção pelo vírus Chikungunya (CHIKV) em sua história. Ainda existem poucos estudos sobre o envolvimento renal na infecção pelo CHIKV. O presente estudo analisa as características clínicas e epidemiológicas do CHIKV no Estado do Ceará, Brasil, delineando o perfil dos casos notificados, investigando os fatores de risco para óbito. Trata-se de um estudo transversal incluindo todos os casos registrados do CHIKV no Estado do Ceará em 2016-2017, com base nos dados oficiais da Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Ceará (SESA-CE). Foram registrados 182.731 casos em 2016 e 2017, com média de idade de 32,4 ± 14,6 anos e predomínio do sexo feminino (62%). O quadro clínico foi caracterizado por febre (88,6%), cefaleia (72,9%), artralgia grave (69,5%) e mialgia (65,6%). Entre as comorbidades, houve predomínio de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (6,9%) e diabetes mellitus (2,9%). A DRC foi relatada em 691 casos (0,3%). Apenas 3,3% dos pacientes necessitaram de internação e apenas 0,1% foram a óbito devido à infecção. O grupo de pacientes que foi a óbito era em sua maioria composto por idosos, do sexo masculino e com menor escolaridade. Os fatores de risco independentes para óbito foram: idade avançada (OR: 7,35, p<0,0001), sexo masculino (OR 2,05, p<0,0001), leucopenia (OR: 3,18, p<0,0001), vômitos (OR: 2,19, p<0,0001) e comorbidades como hipertensão (OR: 3,74, p<0,0001), diabetes (OR: 3,29, p<0,0001) e doença renal crônica (OR: 3,14, p<0,0001). Eles também tiveram uma frequência significativamente maior de diabetes, distúrbios hematológicos, hepatopatias, hipertensão, úlcera péptica e doenças auto-imunes. A mortalidade foi significativamente maior entre pacientes com DRC em comparação com pacientes sem DRC (3,0% vs. 0,2%, p <0,0001). A infecção pelo CHIKV pode se manifestar como doença grave, especialmente durante períodos epidêmicos. Idade avançada e baixa escolaridade foram associados a maior risco de mortalidade. Leucopenia e vômitos foram sinais de gravidade que devem ser valorizados pela equipe de saúde, assim como a presença de comorbidades, especialmente hipertensão, diabetes e doença renal.
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Can a low-cost educational intervention result in a change in Chikungunya knowledge and prevention practices? Developing and testing an intervention to prevent Chikungunya in rural Tamil Nadu, India

Reynolds, Erin Michelle 01 December 2012 (has links)
CHIK is a viral infection transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito which causes an illness with symptoms of severe joint pain, high fever, and rash. The joint pain can continue for months, causing disability and economic strain on families. This study included implementation of a baseline needs assessment, and development, implementation, and evaluation of an experimental community-based educational intervention in rural Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 184 households, across 12 purposively sampled villages (six intervention and six control), participated in the needs assessment between August and December 2010. The experimental community-based educational intervention was implemented between December 2010 and August 2011, in the six intervention villages. A total of 180 households, from the same 12 villages, participated in the post-intervention evaluation. A randomized block design with repetition was used to test whether there was a change in CHIK knowledge scores from baseline to post-intervention in the treatment group. A model including respondent variables, household larval status, household container larval status, recent experience with CHIK, numbers of livestock, socioeconomic position (SEP) variables, and water variables were used to predict CHIK knowledge scores in rural Tamil Nadu. Respondent age, measures of luxury amenities and water source were statistically significant predictors of knowledge in this model. The CHIK knowledge score increased from 9.0 to 9.4 in the intervention group (p=0.6457) and from 8.5 to 9.2 in the control group (p=0.393), showing that the educational intervention did not increase CHIK knowledge in the intervention group. Although this low-cost intervention, utilized in a resource poor area of Tamil Nadu, India did not result in an increase of CHIK knowledge, the process of developing the educational intervention may provide a template for future interventions. Future studies should investigate methods of sustainability in the use of educational messages.

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